pattern

Artificial neural network - Feedforward neural network. The feedforward neural networks are the first and arguably simplest type of artificial neural networks devised. In this network, the information moves in only one direction, forward, from the input nodes, through the hidden nodes (if any) and to the output nodes. There are no cycles or loops in the network. The earliest kind of neural network is a single-layer perceptron network, which consists of a single layer of output nodes; the inp ...

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Artificial neural network, Artificial neural network - Background, Artificial neural network - Models, Artificial neural network - Learning, Artificial neural network - Learning paradigms, Artificial neural network - Learning algorithms, Artificial neural network - Employing artificial neural networks, Artificial neural network - Applications, Artificial neural network - Real life applications, Artificial neural network - Types of neural networks, Artificial neural network - Feedforward neural network, Artificial neural network - Recurrent network, Artificial neural network - Stochastic neural networks, Artificial neural network - Modular neural networks, Artificial neural network - Other types of networks, Artificial neural network - Theoretical properties, Artificial neural network - Capacity, Artificial neural network - Convergence, Artificial neural network - Generalisation and statistics, Artificial neural network - Dynamical properties, Artificial neural network - Related topics, Artificial neural network - Patents, Artificial neural network - Bibliography

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The deduction of the boundary layer equations was perhaps one of the most important advances in aerodynamics. Using an order of magnitude analysis, the well-known governing Navier-Stokes equations of viscous fluid flow can be greatly simplified within the boundary layer. Notably, the characteristic of the partial differential equations (PDE) becomes parabolic, rather than the elliptical form of the full Navier-Stokes equations. This greatly simplifies the solution of the equations. By making the boundary layer approximation, the flow ...

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Boundary layer, Boundary layer - Aerodynamics, Boundary layer - Boundary layer equations, Boundary layer - Turbulent boundary layers, Boundary layer - Boundary layer turbine, Boundary layer - Bibliography

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A symbol can be a material object whose shape or origin is related, by nature or convention, to the thing it represents: for instance, the cross is the main symbol of Christianity, and the scepter is a traditional symbol of royal power. A symbol can also be a more or less conventional image (i.e. an icon), or a detail of an image, or even a pattern or color: for example, the olive branch in heraldry represents peace, the halo is a conventional symbol of sainthood in Christian imagery, tartans are symbols of Scottish clans, and the color red is often used as a symbol fo ...

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Symbol, Symbol - Nature of symbols, Symbol - Use of symbols, Symbol - Etymology

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Shotgun - Action. Action is the term for the operating mechanism of a gun. There are many types of shotguns, typically categorized by the number of barrels or the way the gun is reloaded. For most of the history of the shotgun, the breech loading double barreled shotgun, with two barrels, was the most common type. In this case there are several "subtypes", the over and under shotgun puts the two barrels one on top of the other, while the side-by-side shotgun puts them beside each other. Another class of break ope ...

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Shotgun, Shotgun - Definition, Shotgun - History, Shotgun - The 19th century, Shotgun - John Browning, Shotgun - The World Wars, Shotgun - Late 20th Century to Present, Shotgun - Design factors, Shotgun - Action, Shotgun - Gauge, Shotgun - Shot, Shotgun - Pattern and choke, Shotgun - Barrel length, Shotgun - Common uses, Shotgun - Ammunition, Shotgun - Specialty ammunition, Shotgun - Legal Issues

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"A pattern has an integrity independent of the medium by virtue of which you have received the information that it exists. Each of the chemical elements is a pattern integrity. Each individual is a pattern integrity. The pattern integrity of the human individual is evolutionary and not static." R.Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983), U.S.American philosopher and inventor. Critical Path, 1981. "Art is the imposing of a pattern on experience, and our aesthetic enjoyment is recognition of the pattern." Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947), English philosopher and mathematician. Dialogues, June 10, 1943. Mathematics is commonly d ...

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Pattern, Pattern - Patterns in nature, Pattern - Patterns in art, Pattern - Patterns in science and mathematics, Pattern - Quotation, Pattern - Other senses of pattern

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Proper names function in the same way as common nouns do in many natural languages. Philosophers have thus often treated the two as similar in meaning. In the late nineteenth century, Frege argued that certain puzzling features of both names and nouns could be resolved if we recognized two aspects to the meaning of a name (and, by extension, other nouns): a sense, which is equivalent to some sort of description, and a referent, the thing or things that meet that description. So the sense of dog might be "domestic canine ...

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Name, Name - Use of names, Name - Kinds of names, Name - Philosophical accounts of names, Name - Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Name - Whitman's Mannahatta, Name - Technical names for names, Name - Naming convention

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Main article: History of physics. See also Famous physicists and Nobel Prize in Physics. Since antiquity, people have tried to understand the behavior of matter: why unsupported objects drop to the ground, why different materials have different properties, and so forth. Also a mystery was the character of the universe, such as the form of the Earth and the behavior of celestial objects such as the Sun and the Moon. Several theories were proposed, most of which were wrong. These theories were largely couched in philosophical ter ...

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Physics, Physics - Overview of physics research, Physics - Central theories, Physics - Major fields of physics, Physics - Related fields, Physics - Theoretical and experimental physics, Physics - Fringe theories, Physics - History, Physics - Future directions, Physics - Notes

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During the process of thinking, recognition occurs when some event, process, pattern, or object recurs. Thus in order for something to be recognized, it must be familiar. This recurrence allows the recognizer to more properly react, and has survival value. When the recognizer has correctly responded, this is a measure of understanding. For example, when some animals have never seen a human being before, they do not hide and show no fear; but when they learn that a human being may be a t ...

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Recognition, Recognition - As Thought Process, Recognition - As Social Process, Recognition - Acculturation, Recognition - As Technological Challenge, Recognition - Some History, Recognition - Current State of the Art

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Almost all of these methods can be done by either hand, sewing machine, or a serger; however, the specific techniques used can be quite different. Some methods are not appropriate for some applications, even though it may be possible to replicate another method. As an extreme, you could technically duplicate serging with hand sewing, but it would take at least several hundred times as long to do the same work. Furthermore, some techniques are not possible with other methods: making an embroidery stitch called a french knot is easy by hand, b ...

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Sewing, Sewing - General sewing methods, Sewing - General sewing applications, Sewing - Occupations requiring sewing, Sewing - Sewing tools and accessories, Sewing - Notions objects sewn into garments or soft goods, Sewing - List of stitches

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Sorensen was a major contributor to the launch of the Highland Park plant in 1910, where he was second in command to production chief Peter E. Martin. He then helped with the development of the Fordson tractor and modernization of Edsel Ford's Lincoln when purchased by Ford from Henry M. Leland in 1922. Following transfer of auto assembly to the Rouge in the late 1920s, he was the "Head of Production", as Henry Ford's "right-hand man". During the 1930s Sorensen was also responsible for production techniques allowing the manufacture of ...

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Charles E. Sorensen, Charles E. Sorensen - Early career, Charles E. Sorensen - Later contributions, Charles E. Sorensen - Sources

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The relationship between people and wolves has had a very long and turbulent history. Traditionally, humans have viewed wolves negatively, perceiving them to be dangerous or as nuisances to be destroyed. European folklore exacerbated this negative image, which was brought over to North America as it was settled. During this time, the wilderness was perceived as something to be conquered, settled, and cultivated, as through Manifest Destiny or by man's inherent worldly right. Wolves, for a time, were partially valued for their fur, but ...

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Gray Wolf, Gray Wolf - Anatomy & Physiology, Gray Wolf - Social structure, Gray Wolf - Packs, Gray Wolf - Rank order, Gray Wolf - Body language, Gray Wolf - Howling, Gray Wolf - Hunting, Gray Wolf - Reproduction and mortality, Gray Wolf - Past human perceptions of wolves, Gray Wolf - Changing attitudes, Gray Wolf - Reintroduction, Gray Wolf - Wolves in religion and folklore, Gray Wolf - Wolf hunting, Gray Wolf - Livestock predation, Gray Wolf - Trapping and breeding for fur, Gray Wolf - Taxonomy, Gray Wolf - Classification and relation to the dog, Gray Wolf - Subspecies of the wolf, Gray Wolf - Media

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In the USA, crosswalks are usually marked with white stripes, though every municipality seems to have a slightly different method, style, or pattern for doing so (and the styles vary over time as intersections are built and replaced). There are two main methods for road markings in the United States. Most frequently, they are marked with two thick white lines running from one side of the road to the other. A shorter third line is usually also present, to be used as a stop point for vehicles and discourage drivers from pulling into the crosswalk. The more easily visible zebra stripes (like UK zebra cross ...

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Pedestrian crossing, Pedestrian crossing - Pedestrian crossings in the United Kingdom, Pedestrian crossing - Crosswalks in North America, Pedestrian crossing - Enhancements for disabled users

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An emergent behaviour or emergent property can appear when a number of simple entities (agents) operate in an environment, forming more complex behaviours as a collective. If emergence happens over disparate size scales, then the reason is usually a causal relation across different scales. In other words there is often a form of top-down feedback in systems with emergent properties. These are two of the major reasons why emergent behaviour occurs: intricated causal relations across different scales and feedback. The property it ...

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Emergence, Emergence - Emergent properties, Emergence - Emergence in games, Emergence - Emergent structures in nature, Emergence - Emergence in culture and engineering, Emergence - Emergence in physics, Emergence - Bibliography

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Main article: Physical information Information has a well defined meaning in physics. Examples of this include the phenomenon of quantum entanglement where particles can interact without reference to their separation or the speed of light. Information itself cannot travel faster than light even if the information is transmitted indirectly. This could lead to the fact that all attempts at physically observing a particle with an "entangled" relationship to another are slowed down, even though the particles are not ...

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Information, Information - Information as a pattern, Information - Information as sensory input, Information - Information as an influence which leads to a transformation, Information - Information as a property in physics, Information - Etymology, Information - Information is Not data

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According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the earliest historical meaning of the word information in English was the act of informing, or giving form or shape to the mind, as in education, instruction, or training. A quote from 1387: "Five books come down from heaven for information of mankind." It was also used for an item of training, e.g. a particular instruction. "Melibee had heard the great skills and reasons of Dame Prudence, and her ...

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Information, Information - Information as a pattern, Information - Information as sensory input, Information - Information as an influence which leads to a transformation, Information - Information as a property in physics, Information - Etymology, Information - Information is Not data

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Information is any represented pattern. This view assumes neither accuracy nor directly communicating parties, but instead assumes a separation between an object and its representation, as well as the involvement of someone capable of understanding this relationship. This view seems therefore to require a conscious mind. Consider the following example: economic statistics represent an economy, however inaccurately. What are commonly referred to as data in computing, statistics, and other fields, are forms of information in this sense. The el ...

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Information, Information - Information as a pattern, Information - Information as sensory input, Information - Information as an influence which leads to a transformation, Information - Information as a property in physics, Information - Etymology, Information - Information is Not data

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Information is any type of pattern that influences the formation or transformation of other patterns. In this sense, there is no need for a conscious mind to perceive, much less appreciate, the pattern. Consider, for example, DNA. The sequence of nucleotides is a pattern that influences the formation and development of an organism without any need for a conscious mind. Systems theory at times seems to refer to information in this sense, assuming information does not necessarily involve any conscious mind, and patterns circulating (due to fee ...

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Information, Information - Information as a pattern, Information - Information as sensory input, Information - Information as an influence which leads to a transformation, Information - Information as a property in physics, Information - Etymology, Information - Information is Not data

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Often information is viewed as a type of input to an organism or designed device. Inputs are of two kinds. Some inputs are important to the function of the organism (for example, food) or device (energy) by themselves. In his book Sensory Ecology, Dusenbery called these causal inputs. Other inputs (information) are important only because they are associated with causal inputs and can be used to predict the occurrence of a causal input at a later time (and perhaps another place). Some information is important because of association wit ...

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Information, Information - Information as a pattern, Information - Information as sensory input, Information - Information as an influence which leads to a transformation, Information - Information as a property in physics, Information - Etymology, Information - Information is Not data

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Emergent behavior is also important in games and game design. For example, the game of poker, especially in no limit forms without a rigid betting structure, is largely driven by emergent behavior. For example, no rule requires that any player should fold, but usually many players do. Because the game is driven by emergent behavior, play at one poker table might be radically different from that at another, while the rules of the game are exactly the same. Variations of games that develop are examples of emergent metaplay, the pre ...

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Emergence, Emergence - Emergent properties, Emergence - Emergence in games, Emergence - Emergent structures in nature, Emergence - Emergence in culture and engineering, Emergence - Emergence in physics, Emergence - Bibliography

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When some person is recognized, they are accorded some special status, such as a name, title, or classification. Recognition can take many forms, such as mention in the mass media. Recognition - Acculturation. It becomes easier for persons to become accepted into some social process if they allow themselves to fit in, as a signal that they implicity accept some social norm. Thus the use of uniform dress is a signal for both group inclusion and acceptance. "Gangs" use signals and dress for this purpose. Dress ...

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Recognition, Recognition - As Thought Process, Recognition - As Social Process, Recognition - Acculturation, Recognition - As Technological Challenge, Recognition - Some History, Recognition - Current State of the Art

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