a schism cause the creation of the Patriarchate of Aquileia in 606 Candidianus 606-612 Epiphanius 612-613 Ciprianus 613-627 Primogenius 630-648 Maximus II 649 unknown Stephanus II 670-? Christophoros 685-? unknown Giles early 1300's, also Latin Patriarch of Alexandria See also:

Patriarch of Grado, Patriarch of Grado - Patriarchs of Grado 6th century-1451

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Angelo Cardinal Scola (born November 7, 1941) is the Patriarch of Venice and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, with the titular church of the Twelve Apostles. Scola is a noted academic, the author of numerous theological and pedagogical works on topics such as bio-medical ethics, theological anthropology, human sexuality and marriage and the family, which have been translated into several different languages. In addition, he is the author of more than 120 articles published in scholarly journals of philosophy and theolog ...

Including:

• Angelo Cardinal Scola - Biography
• Angelo Cardinal Scola - Works
• Angelo Cardinal Scola - Books by Scola translated into English
• Angelo Cardinal Scola - Online texts

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Originally a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a pater familias over an extended family. The system of such rule of families by senior males is called patriarchy. This is a Greek word, a composition of "πάτερ" (pater) meaning father and "άρχων" (archon) meaning leader, chief, ruler, king, etc. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are referred to as the three patriarchs of Judaism, and the period in which they lived is called the Patriarchal Age. The word has also taken on other meanin ...

Including:

• Patriarch - Primates of the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church in order of precedence
• Patriarch - Other Patriarchs of the Holy Catholic and Orthodox Church
• Patriarch - Other Patriarchs of the One Holy Catholic Apostolic Roman Church
• Patriarch - Latin Rite
• Patriarch - Eastern Rite Patriarchs
• Patriarch - Historical Patriarchs in the Roman Catholic Church
• Patriarch - Current Patriarchs in Oriental Orthodox Churches
• Patriarch - Patriarchs in Nestorian Churches

Read more here: » Patriarch: Encyclopedia - Patriarch

The Sacred College of Cardinals is the body of all Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church. The body plays two roles for the church: participating in papal elections when the Holy See is vacant, and advising the Pope about Church matters when he summons them to a consistory. Historically, they were also the clergy of the city of Rome serving the Pope as the Bishop of Rome and were assigned duties in parishes of the city. The College has no ruling power except during the sede vacante period, where its powers are still extr ...

Including:

• College of Cardinals - Choosing the pope
• College of Cardinals - Members of the College of Cardinals
• College of Cardinals - Cardinals of the Order of Bishops
• College of Cardinals - Cardinals of the Order of Priests
• College of Cardinals - Cardinals of the Order of Deacons

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Pope John XXIII (Latin: Ioannes PP. XXIII), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (November 25, 1881 – June 3, 1963), reigned as the 261st Pope of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City from October 28, 1958 until his death in 1963. Pope John XXIII - Earlier life. Angelo Roncalli was born in a hospital (Province of Bergamo), Italy, on November 25, 1881. The fourth in a family of 13, his family worked as sharecroppers, a striking contrast to his predecessor, Eugenio Pacelli, who came from ...

Including:

• Pope John XXIII - Earlier life
• Pope John XXIII - Papacy
• Pope John XXIII - Legacy
• Pope John XXIII - Modern conspiracy theories
• Pope John XXIII - Footnotes

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The Three Chapters (trîa kephálaia), a phase in the Monophysite controversy, was an attempt to reconcile the Christians of Syria and Egypt with Western Christendom, following the failure of the Henotikon. The Three Chapters consisted of propositions anathematizing: (1) the person and writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia; (2) certain writings of Theodoret of Cyrus; (3) the letter of Ibas to Maris in Persia. Three-Chapter Controversy - Background. At a very early stage of the controversy the inc ...

Including:

• Three-Chapter Controversy - Background
• Three-Chapter Controversy - The subscription
• Three-Chapter Controversy - The schism in the West
• Three-Chapter Controversy - Its effect in the East
• Three-Chapter Controversy - Its later effect

Read more here: » Three-Chapter Controversy: Encyclopedia - Three-Chapter Controversy

In its application to the Catholic Church, the term hierarchy originally referred to the "holy ordering" of the entire People of God. It is now almost exclusively used to refer to the holy ordering of the clergy of the church, those who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders. All churches that adopt a "catholic principle" of ecclesial order—Catholics, Orthodox, Anglicans, etc.—acknowledge a threefold hierarchical order which was divinely inspired and therefore a permanent structural feature of the church: Bishops ...

Including:

• Catholic church hierarchy - Origin and use of the term Hierarchy
• Catholic church hierarchy - Ecclesiastical offices in the hierarchy of the Catholic Church
• Catholic church hierarchy - Patriarchs
• Catholic church hierarchy - Cardinals
• Catholic church hierarchy - Minor Patriarchs or Titular Patriarchs
• Catholic church hierarchy - Major Archbishops
• Catholic church hierarchy - Primates
• Catholic church hierarchy - Archbishops and Metropolitans
• Catholic church hierarchy - Titular Archbishops
• Catholic church hierarchy - Bishops and Eparchs
• Catholic church hierarchy - Titular Bishops
• Catholic church hierarchy - Superiors General of Religious Orders
• Catholic church hierarchy - Prelate Nullius
• Catholic church hierarchy - Archimandrite
• Catholic church hierarchy - Abbot or Abbess Nullius
• Catholic church hierarchy - Abbot or Abbess
• Catholic church hierarchy - Exarch
• Catholic church hierarchy - Vicar Apostolic
• Catholic church hierarchy - Prefect Apostolic
• Catholic church hierarchy - Diocesean Administrator
• Catholic church hierarchy - Prefect of a Personal Prelature
• Catholic church hierarchy - Vicars General
• Catholic church hierarchy - Vicars Episcopal
• Catholic church hierarchy - Vicars Canonical
• Catholic church hierarchy - Protonotary Apostolic
• Catholic church hierarchy - Provincial Superior
• Catholic church hierarchy - Vicars Forane Deans
• Catholic church hierarchy - Prelates of Honor of His Holiness
• Catholic church hierarchy - Canons
• Catholic church hierarchy - Chaplains of His Holiness
• Catholic church hierarchy - Archpriests
• Catholic church hierarchy - Archdeacons
• Catholic church hierarchy - Pastors
• Catholic church hierarchy - Local Superior
• Catholic church hierarchy - Hieromonks
• Catholic church hierarchy - Parochial Vicars
• Catholic church hierarchy - Deacons
• Catholic church hierarchy - Subdeacons
• Catholic church hierarchy - Diocesean Scholastics
• Catholic church hierarchy - Catechists
• Catholic church hierarchy - Installed Acolyte
• Catholic church hierarchy - Installed Lector
• Catholic church hierarchy - Links

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With Europe facing World War I whoever was selected would face the difficulty of leading the Holy See through the war to end all wars, in which Catholic Belgium and France were attacked by Protestant Germany, which was supported by Catholic Austria while the Protestant United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (including Catholic Ireland) and Russian Orthodox Russia sided with France. Critics wondered whether the Holy See should remain neutral or whether it should assume a position of moral leadership by casting pub ...

See also:

Papal conclave 1914, Papal conclave 1914 - Political context, Papal conclave 1914 - Veto abolished, Papal conclave 1914 - New pope, Papal conclave 1914 - Conclave factfile

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When the cardinals assembled in the Sistine Chapel attention focused on Count Mariano Cardinal Rampolla del Tindaro, Leo's Secretary of State. Rampolla was seen as the leading papabile (a cardinal thought likely to be elected pope). As expected Rampolla was close to being elected, but was then vetoed in the name of Austrian Emperor Francis Joseph by Prince Jan Maurycy Pawel, Cardinal Puzyna de Kosielsko, the Prince-Bishop of Krakow in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Rampolla was suspected, as there was ample evidence, of being a Freemason. Francis Joseph von Habsburg ...

See also:

Papal conclave 1903, Papal conclave 1903 - Background, Papal conclave 1903 - Favoured candidate vetoed by Francis Joseph of Austria, Papal conclave 1903 - Patriarch of Venice elected, Papal conclave 1903 - Veto abolished, Papal conclave 1903 - Conclave factfile

Read more here: » Papal conclave 1903: Encyclopedia II - Papal conclave 1903 - Favoured candidate vetoed by Francis Joseph of Austria

It was the issue of the government of the Papal States that was to prove central to the 1846 conclave. The College of Cardinals was split into two factions. The conservatives wished to see a continuation of papal absolutism in the governance of the Papal States, a continuation of the hardline policies of Pope Gregory XVI and his infamous right-wing Secretary of State, Luigi Emmanuele Nicolo Ca ...

See also:

Papal conclave 1846, Papal conclave 1846 - Conclave divided over how to rule the Papal States, Papal conclave 1846 - Failed attempt to veto Ferretti, Papal conclave 1846 - Aftermath, Papal conclave 1846 - Conclave factfile

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Several authors have provided what they claim to be the vote totals at the conclave. Although this evidence must be viewed as questionable, it cannot be dismissed out of hand. Details of papal conclaves are not supposed to be mentioned by those involved under threat of excommunication, but this was the first conclave which excluded cardinals over the age of 80 (their ineligibilty having been decreed by Paul VI in 1970). Cardinals over 80 are still allowed to participate in the preparatory meetings - and they were not required to take ...

See also:

Papal conclave 1978 August, Papal conclave 1978 August - Eligibility to vote and alleged results, Papal conclave 1978 August - Yallop tally, Papal conclave 1978 August - Burkle-Young tally, Papal conclave 1978 August - Thomas-Witts tally, Papal conclave 1978 August - Notes

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The pontificate of Pope St. Pius X was noted for its conservative agenda and as one of the most controversial modern papacies. In what became his motto, Pius X stated in 1903 that his papacy will undertake Instaurare Omnia in Christo, or "to restore all things to Christ." In his first encyclical (E Supremi Apostolatus, October 4, 1903), he stated that his overriding policy as follows: "We champion the authority of God. His authority and Commandments should be recognized, deferred to, and respected." Pope Pius X - The Motu Proprio of 1 ...

See also:

Pope Pius X, Pope Pius X - Early life and ministry, Pope Pius X - Bishop of Mantua, Pope Pius X - Cardinal & Patriarch, Pope Pius X - Papal Election, Pope Pius X - Pius X's Pontificate, Pope Pius X - The Motu Proprio of 1903 & the Restoration of Gregorian Chant, Pope Pius X - Church Administration, Pope Pius X - Liturgical Changes, Pope Pius X - Anti-Modernism, Pope Pius X - Other Activities, Pope Pius X - Death & Burial, Pope Pius X - Canonization, Pope Pius X - Papal Coat of Arms

Read more here: » Pope Pius X: Encyclopedia II - Pope Pius X - Pius X's Pontificate

(Jerusalem lost in 1187; seat of the Patriarch moved to Acre) (Vacant 1191-1194) Aymar the Monk (1194-1202) Soffred (1202-1204) Albert Avogadro (1204-1214) Raoul of Merencourt (1214-1225) Gerald of Lausanne (1225-1238) (Vacant 1238-1240; Jacques de Vitry appointed but never served) Robert of Nantes (1240-1254) Jacques Pantaléon (1255-1261), future Pope Urban IV of Rome William II of Agen (1261-1270) Thomas Agni of Cosenza (1271-1277) ...

See also:

Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem - Crusader patriarchate, Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem - Modern patriarchate, Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem - List of Latin Patriarchs of Jerusalem

Read more here: » Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem - List of Latin Patriarchs of Jerusalem

The church is based on a Greek cross floorplan, based in part on the Hagia Sophia and the Basilica of the Apostles, both in Constantinople. It has a raised choir with a crypt beneath. The plan of the interior consists of three longitudinal and three transverse naves. Over the high altar is a baldacchino on columns decorated with eleventh-century reliefs; the altarpiece is the famous Pala d'Oro (Golden Pall) [1], Byzantine metal-work of the year 1105, originally designed for an antependium. Behind the high altar is another altar with a ...

See also:

Basilica di San Marco Venezia, Basilica di San Marco Venezia - Early history, Basilica di San Marco Venezia - The present building, Basilica di San Marco Venezia - Decoration

Read more here: » Basilica di San Marco Venezia: Encyclopedia II - Basilica di San Marco Venezia - The present building

As the youngest pope elected since Pope Pius IX in 1846, John Paul II entered the papacy as a healthy, relatively young man who hiked, swam and went skiing. However, after over twenty-five years on the papal throne, the 1981 assassination attempt, and a number of cancer scares, John Paul's physical health declined. He had a tumour removed from his colon in 1992, dislocated his shoulder in 1993, broke ...

See also:

Biography of Pope John Paul II, Biography of Pope John Paul II - Early life, Biography of Pope John Paul II - University, Biography of Pope John Paul II - The Second World War, Biography of Pope John Paul II - The young priest, Biography of Pope John Paul II - Bishop and Cardinal, Biography of Pope John Paul II - A Pope from Poland, Biography of Pope John Paul II - Assassination attempts, Biography of Pope John Paul II - Health, Biography of Pope John Paul II - Death, Biography of Pope John Paul II - World reactions, Biography of Pope John Paul II - John Paul the Great, Biography of Pope John Paul II - Funeral

Read more here: » Biography of Pope John Paul II: Encyclopedia II - Biography of Pope John Paul II - Health

The church is based on a Greek cross floorplan, based in part on the Hagia Sophia and the Basilica of the Apostles, both in Constantinople. It has a raised choir with a crypt beneath. The plan of the interior consists of three longitudinal and three transverse naves. Over the high altar is a baldacchino on columns decorated with eleventh-century reliefs; the altarpiece is the famous Pala d'Oro (Golden Pall) [1], Byzantine metal-work of the year 1105, originally designed for an antependium. Behind the high altar is another altar with a ...

See also:

St Mark's Basilica, St Mark's Basilica - Early history, St Mark's Basilica - The present building, St Mark's Basilica - Decoration, St Mark's Basilica - Roman Horses on facade, St Mark's Basilica - Notable Late Classical Statue The four Tetrarchs

Read more here: » St Mark's Basilica: Encyclopedia II - St Mark's Basilica - The present building

Ratti himself was less easy to categorise in terms of the conservative/liberal divide than most of his immediate predecessors. Most regarded him as a moderate conservative, to the right of Pope Benedict but to the left of Popes Gregory XV, Pius IX (at the end of his reign) and Pius X. He was also strikingly different to his predecessor. Whereas Benedict was an aristocratic diplomat in poor health, Ratti was an unusual combination of a scholar, ...

See also:

Papal conclave 1922, Papal conclave 1922 - Context, Papal conclave 1922 - Conclave - election of the Archbishop of Milan, Papal conclave 1922 - Aftermath, Papal conclave 1922 - Conclave details

Read more here: » Papal conclave 1922: Encyclopedia II - Papal conclave 1922 - Aftermath

Scola was born in Malgrate, Italy to Carlo Scola, a truck driver, and Regina Colombo. He was the younger of two sons; Pietro, his elder brother, died in 1983. He attended high school at the Manzoni lyceum in Lecco, Italy, where he participated in the youth movement Gioventù Studentesca (Student Youth). He studied philosophy at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan from 1964 to 1967, obtaining his doctorate with a dissertation on Christian philosophy. During this time served as Vice-President and thereafter Preside ...

See also:

Angelo Cardinal Scola, Angelo Cardinal Scola - Biography, Angelo Cardinal Scola - Works, Angelo Cardinal Scola - Books by Scola translated into English, Angelo Cardinal Scola - Online texts

Read more here: » Angelo Cardinal Scola: Encyclopedia II - Angelo Cardinal Scola - Biography

The leading Eastern bishops were coerced, after a short resistance, into subscribing. Mennas, Patriarch of Constantinople, first protested that to sign was to condemn the Council of Chalcedon, and then yielded, as he told Stephen the Roman apocrisarius at Constantinople, that his subscription should be returned to him if the Pope disapproved of it. Stephen and Dacius, Bishop of Milan, who was then at Constantinople, broke off communion with him. Zoilus the Patriarch of Alexandria, Ephraim the Patriarch of Antioch, and Peter the Patriarch of ...

See also:

Three-Chapter Controversy, Three-Chapter Controversy - Background, Three-Chapter Controversy - The subscription, Three-Chapter Controversy - The schism in the West, Three-Chapter Controversy - Its effect in the East, Three-Chapter Controversy - Its later effect

Read more here: » Three-Chapter Controversy: Encyclopedia II - Three-Chapter Controversy - The subscription

Patriarch - Latin Rite. The Patriarch of the East Indies The Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem The Patriarch of Lisbon The Patriarch of Venice The Patriarch of the West Indies (vacant since 1963) Patriarch - Eastern Rite Patriarchs. The Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria The Syrian Catholic Patriarch of Antioch The Melkite Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch The Maronite Patriarch of Antioch The Cath ...

See also:

Patriarch, Patriarch - Primates of the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church in order of precedence, Patriarch - Other Patriarchs of the Holy Catholic and Orthodox Church, Patriarch - Other Patriarchs of the One Holy Catholic Apostolic Roman Church, Patriarch - Latin Rite, Patriarch - Eastern Rite Patriarchs, Patriarch - Historical Patriarchs in the Roman Catholic Church, Patriarch - Current Patriarchs in Oriental Orthodox Churches, Patriarch - Patriarchs in Nestorian Churches

Read more here: » Patriarch: Encyclopedia II - Patriarch - Other Patriarchs of the One Holy Catholic Apostolic Roman Church