The Imperial Japanese Navy made its attack on Pearl Harbor on the morning of December 7, 1941. The surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii, was aimed at the Pacific Fleet of the United States Navy and its defending Army Air Corps and Marine air forces. The attack damaged or destroyed twelve U.S. warships, destroyed 188 aircraft, and killed 2,403 American servicemen and 68 civilians. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto planned the raid as the start of the Pacific Campaign of World War II, and it was commanded by Vice Admiral Chuichi ...

Including:

• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese preparations
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - United States preparedness
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Breaking off negotiations
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - The attack
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Nagumo's decision to withdraw after two strikes
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Immediate aftermath
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Subsequent attacks
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Longer-term effects
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Historical significance
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese views of the attack
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Film dramatizations
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Recipients of the Medal of Honor
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - Notes

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List of military engagements of World War I - Western Front. First Battle of the Aisne Battle of Loos Battle of Liège Battle of the Frontiers Battle of Vimy Ridge First Battle of the Marne Siege of Antwerp Battle of Ginchy First Battle of Arras First Battle of Ypres First Battle of Champagne Second Battle of Ypres Second Battle of the Aisne Battle (or Siege) of Verdun ...

See also:

List of military engagements of World War I, List of military engagements of World War I - Europe, List of military engagements of World War I - Western Front, List of military engagements of World War I - Italian Campaign, List of military engagements of World War I - Eastern Front, List of military engagements of World War I - Caucasus Campaign, List of military engagements of World War I - Serbia, List of military engagements of World War I - Greece, List of military engagements of World War I - Gallipoli, List of military engagements of World War I - Middle Eastern theatre, List of military engagements of World War I - Sinai and Palestine Campaign, List of military engagements of World War I - Mesopotamian Campaign, List of military engagements of World War I - South Arabian Campaign, List of military engagements of World War I - African Campaign, List of military engagements of World War I - Naval engagements, List of military engagements of World War I - Atlantic Theatre, List of military engagements of World War I - Mediterranean, List of military engagements of World War I - Pacific Theatre, List of military engagements of World War I - Air engagements, List of military engagements of World War I - Contemporary Wars, List of military engagements of World War I - Pre-1914, List of military engagements of World War I - Post-1917, List of military engagements of World War I - Main articles, List of military engagements of World War I - Other articles

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The war in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) was almost accidental in its scope. The British had no serious interest in this part of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman government lead by Enver Pasha didn't care much about it either, it ranked in priorities below the Caucasus_Campaign, the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, and the Arab revolt. The British interests were to protect their oil refinery at Abadan and to defend their allies in the area (Persia and Kuwait) ...

See also:

Mesopotamian Campaign, Mesopotamian Campaign - Background, Mesopotamian Campaign - The First Year, Mesopotamian Campaign - The Siege of Kut, Mesopotamian Campaign - Back to Baghdad, Mesopotamian Campaign - The End of the War, Mesopotamian Campaign - Sources, Mesopotamian Campaign - Battles of the campaign

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Naval warfare of World War I - North Sea. The North Sea was the main theatre of the war for surface action. The British Grand Fleet took position against the German High Seas Fleet. Britain's larger fleet could maintain a blockade of Germany, cutting it off from overseas trade and resources. Germany's fleet remained mostly in harbour behind their screen of mines, occasionally attempting to lure the British fleet into battle in the hopes of weakening them enough to break the blockade or allow the High Seas Fleet t ...

See also:

Naval warfare of World War I, Naval warfare of World War I - Prelude, Naval warfare of World War I - Naval technology, Naval warfare of World War I - Theaters, Naval warfare of World War I - North Sea, Naval warfare of World War I - Atlantic, Naval warfare of World War I - Mediterranean, Naval warfare of World War I - Baltic, Naval warfare of World War I - Distant Oceans

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Events of 1917 would prove decisive in ending the war, although their effects would not be fully felt until 1918. The Entente's naval blockade of Germany began to have a serious impact on morale and productivity on the German home-front. In response, in February 1917, the German General Staff (OHL) were able to convince Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg to declare unrestricted submarine warfare, with the goal of starving Britain out of the war. Tonnage sunk rose above 500,000 tons per month from February until July, peaking at 860,000 ...

See also:

World War I, World War I - Introduction, World War I - Causes, World War I - Reasons and responsibilities, World War I - Participants in World War I, World War I - Opening hostilities, World War I - Early stages: from romanticism to the Western Front trenches, World War I - Hopes and fears, World War I - Trench warfare begins, World War I - Southern theatres, World War I - Ottoman Empire, World War I - Italian participation, World War I - The War in the Balkans, World War I - The Eastern Front, World War I - Initial Actions, World War I - The Russian Revolution, World War I - The Last Half of the War, World War I - Entry of the United States, World War I - German Spring Offensive of 1918, World War I - Entente’s victory, World War I - End of the war, World War I - Economics of war, World War I - Social effects, World War I - Technology, World War I - Aftermath, World War I - Casualties, World War I - Social trauma, World War I - Other names, World War I - Quotations, World War I - Dramatisations, World War I - Main articles, World War I - Media

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However, there was considerable sympathy among the Boer population of South Africa for the German cause; it was, after all, only eleven years since the Second Boer War during which Germany had supported them. Maritz, who was head of commando forces on the border of German South-West Africa, issued a proclamation that "the former South African Republic and Orange Free State as well as the Cape Province and Natal are proclaimed free from British control and independent, and every White inhabitant of the mentioned areas, of whateve ...

See also:

South-West Africa Campaign, South-West Africa Campaign - Boer Revolt, South-West Africa Campaign - Combat with German forces, South-West Africa Campaign - External link

Read more here: » South-West Africa Campaign: Encyclopedia II - South-West Africa Campaign - Boer Revolt

The casualties of World War II were suffered disproportionately by the various participants. This is especially true regarding civilian casualties. The following chart gives data on the casualties suffered by each country, along with population information to show the relative impact of losses. Notes: Population in 1939-Sources-Vadim Erlikman. Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke : spravochnik. Moscow 2004. ISBN 5931651071. and Population Statistics[50] Military Deaths Losses include deaths of ...

See also:

World War II casualties, World War II casualties - Combined Totals, World War II casualties - Casualties by country, World War II casualties - Casualties by alliance, World War II casualties - Casualties by branch of service, World War II casualties - Equipment losses^[1], World War II casualties - Aircraft losses, World War II casualties - Naval losses, World War II casualties - Footnotes, World War II casualties - Main articles, World War II casualties - Other articles

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The Japanese had seized Manchuria in 1931, and had been fighting the Second Sino-Japanese War with China since 1937. During 1941 the long-standing tensions between the Japanese Empire and the United States resulting from these military adventures were rising. The United States and the United Kingdom reacted to Japanese military actions in China by imposing a scrap metal boycott followed by an oil boycott, a freeze of assets and the closing of the Panama Canal to Japanese shipping. Diplomatic negotiations climaxed with the Hull note of Novemb ...

See also:

Attack on Pearl Harbor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese preparations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - United States preparedness, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Breaking off negotiations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - The attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Nagumo's decision to withdraw after two strikes, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Immediate aftermath, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Subsequent attacks, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Longer-term effects, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Historical significance, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese views of the attack, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Film dramatizations, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Recipients of the Medal of Honor, Attack on Pearl Harbor - Notes

Read more here: » Attack on Pearl Harbor: Encyclopedia II - Attack on Pearl Harbor - Japanese preparations

Events of 1917 would prove decisive in ending the war, although their effects would not fully be felt until 1918. The Entente's naval blockade of Germany began to have serious impact on morale and productivity on the German home-front. In response, in February 1917, the German General Staff (OHL) were able to convince Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg to declare unrestricted submarine warfare, with the goal of starving Britain out of the war. Tonnage sunk rose above 500,000 tons per month from February until July, peaking at 860,000 t ...

See also:

World War I, World War I - Causes, World War I - Reasons and responsibilities, World War I - Participants in World War I, World War I - Opening hostilities, World War I - Early stages: from romanticism to the Western Front trenches, World War I - Hopes and fears, World War I - Trench warfare begins, World War I - Southern theatres, World War I - Ottoman Empire, World War I - Italian participation, World War I - The War in the Balkans, World War I - The Eastern Front, World War I - Initial Actions, World War I - The Russian Revolution, World War I - The Last Half of the War, World War I - Entry of the United States, World War I - German Spring Offensive of 1918, World War I - Entente’s victory, World War I - End of the war, World War I - Economics of war, World War I - Social effects, World War I - Technology, World War I - Aftermath, World War I - Casualties, World War I - Social trauma, World War I - Other names, World War I - Quotations, World War I - Dramatizations, World War I - Main articles, World War I - Media

Read more here: » World War I: Encyclopedia II - World War I - The Last Half of the War

Main articles: European Theatre of World War II, Mediterranean Theatre of World War II, Pacific War, End of World War II in Europe World War II - A debated starting date. [4]The date on which World War II started is a debated subject; historians do not all agree on which event signified the start of the war. The most common date used is 1 September 1939, marking the German invasion of Poland, which resulted in the ...

See also:

World War II, World War II - Causes, World War II - Participants, World War II - Chronology, World War II - A debated starting date, World War II - 1937: Second Sino-Japanese War, World War II - 1939: War breaks out in Europe, World War II - 1940: The war spreads, World War II - 1941: The war becomes global, World War II - 1942: Deadlock, World War II - 1943: The war turns, World War II - 1944: The beginning of the end, World War II - 1945: The end of the war, World War II - Resistance, World War II - The Home fronts, World War II - Technologies, World War II - Civilian impact & atrocities, World War II - Genocide, World War II - Concentration camps labor camps and internment, World War II - War crimes and attacks on civilians, World War II - Aftermath, World War II - Casualties, World War II - A world in ruins, World War II - United Nations, World War II - The Cold War begins, World War II - Main articles, World War II - Media

Read more here: » World War II: Encyclopedia II - World War II - Chronology

Main articles: European Theatre of World War II, Mediterranean Theatre of World War II, Pacific War, End of World War II in Europe World War II - A debated starting date. [4]The date on which World War II started is a debated subject; historians do not all agree on which event signified the start of the war. The most common date used is 1 September 1939, marking the German invasion of Poland, which resulted in the ...

See also:

World War II, World War II - Causes, World War II - Participants, World War II - Chronology, World War II - A debated starting date, World War II - 1937: Second Sino-Japanese War, World War II - 1939: War breaks out in Europe, World War II - 1940: The war spreads, World War II - 1941: The war becomes global, World War II - 1942: Deadlock, World War II - 1943: The war turns, World War II - 1944: The beginning of the end, World War II - 1945: The end of the war, World War II - Resistance, World War II - The Home fronts, World War II - Technologies, World War II - Civilian impact & atrocities, World War II - Genocide, World War II - Concentration camps labour camps and internment, World War II - War crimes and attacks on civilians, World War II - Aftermath, World War II - Casualties, World War II - A world in ruins, World War II - United Nations, World War II - The Cold War begins, World War II - Main articles, World War II - Media

Read more here: » World War II: Encyclopedia II - World War II - Chronology

Events of 1917 would prove decisive in ending the war, although their effects would not fully be felt until 1918. The Entente's naval blockade of Germany began to have serious impact on morale and productivity on the German home-front. In response, in February 1917, the German General Staff (OHL) were able to convince Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg to declare unrestricted submarine warfare, with the goal of starving Britain out of the war. Tonnage sunk rose above 500,000 tons per month from February until July, peaking at 860,000 t ...

See also:

World War I, World War I - Introduction, World War I - Causes, World War I - Reasons and responsibilities, World War I - Participants in World War I, World War I - Opening hostilities, World War I - Early stages: from romanticism to the Western Front trenches, World War I - Hopes and fears, World War I - Trench warfare begins, World War I - Southern theatres, World War I - Ottoman Empire, World War I - Italian participation, World War I - The War in the Balkans, World War I - The Eastern Front, World War I - Initial Actions, World War I - The Russian Revolution, World War I - The Last Half of the War, World War I - Entry of the United States, World War I - German Spring Offensive of 1918, World War I - Entente’s victory, World War I - End of the war, World War I - Economics of war, World War I - Social effects, World War I - Technology, World War I - Aftermath, World War I - Casualties, World War I - Social trauma, World War I - Other names, World War I - Quotations, World War I - Dramatizations, World War I - Main articles, World War I - Media

Read more here: » World War I: Encyclopedia II - World War I - The Last Half of the War

Between the coast and the Vosges was an outward-bulge in the trench line, named the Noyon salient for the captured French town at maximum point of advance near Compiègne. Joffre's plan of attack for 1915 was to attack this salient on both flanks in order to cut it off.[1] The British would form the northern attack force by pressing eastward in Artois, while the French attacked north in Champagne. These wer ...

See also:

Western Front World War I, Western Front World War I - 1914 - German invasion of France and Belgium, Western Front World War I - 1915 - Stalemate, Western Front World War I - 1916 - Artillery duels and attrition, Western Front World War I - 1917 - Commonwealth takes the lead, Western Front World War I - 1918 - Final offensives, Western Front World War I - Consequences, Western Front World War I - Dramatizations, Western Front World War I - Notes

Read more here: » Western Front World War I: Encyclopedia II - Western Front World War I - 1915 - Stalemate

The Ottoman Empire, at the urging of their German ally, choose to attack British forces in Egypt and shut the Suez Canal in the First Suez Offensive. The Ottoman army, under the command of the Turkish Minister of Marine, Djemal Pasha, was based in Damascus (now Syria) some 225 miles north east of the Suez Canal. At this time, the Sinai was an empty desert and very hard for an army to cross (no roads, no water). The chief of staff for Ottoman army was a German, Colonel Kress von Kressenstein, who organized the attack and ...

See also:

Sinai and Palestine Campaign, Sinai and Palestine Campaign - Sinai campaign, Sinai and Palestine Campaign - Palestine campaign, Sinai and Palestine Campaign - The Final Year: Palestine and Syria, Sinai and Palestine Campaign - Summary, Sinai and Palestine Campaign - Sources

Read more here: » Sinai and Palestine Campaign: Encyclopedia II - Sinai and Palestine Campaign - Sinai campaign

Events of 1917 would prove decisive in ending the war, although their effects would not fully be felt until 1918. The Entente's naval blockade of Germany began to have serious impact on morale and productivity on the German home-front. In response, in February 1917, the German General Staff (OHL) were able to convince Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg to declare unrestricted submarine warfare, with the goal of starving Britain out of the war. Tonnage sunk rose above 500,000 tons per month from February until July, peaking at 860,000 t ...

See also:

World War I, World War I - Introduction, World War I - Causes, World War I - Reasons and responsibilities, World War I - Participants in World War I, World War I - Opening hostilities, World War I - Early stages: from romanticism to the Western Front trenches, World War I - Hopes and fears, World War I - Trench warfare begins, World War I - Southern theatres, World War I - Ottoman Empire, World War I - Italian participation, World War I - The War in the Balkans, World War I - The Eastern Front, World War I - Initial Actions, World War I - The Russian Revolution, World War I - The Last Half of the War, World War I - Entry of the United States, World War I - German Spring Offensive of 1918, World War I - Entente’s victory, World War I - End of the war, World War I - Economics of war, World War I - Social effects, World War I - Technology, World War I - Aftermath, World War I - Casualties, World War I - Social trauma, World War I - Other names, World War I - Quotations, World War I - Dramatisations, World War I - Main articles, World War I - Media

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List of military engagements of World War II - European Theatre. Blitzkrieg Polish September Campaign (Operation Fall Weiss) - see also Timeline of the Polish September Campaign Phony War Norwegian Campaign - see also Timeline of the Norwegian Campaign Invasion of Denmark and Norway (Operation Weserübung) Allied campaign in Norway Battle of France (Fall Gelb) Battle of Britain ( + Operation Sealion, The German p ...

See also:

List of military engagements of World War II, List of military engagements of World War II - Major Campaigns, List of military engagements of World War II - European Theatre, List of military engagements of World War II - Asian & Pacific Theatre, List of military engagements of World War II - Middle East Theatre, List of military engagements of World War II - African & Mediterranean Theatre, List of military engagements of World War II - Battles, List of military engagements of World War II - 1939, List of military engagements of World War II - 1940, List of military engagements of World War II - 1941, List of military engagements of World War II - 1942, List of military engagements of World War II - 1943, List of military engagements of World War II - 1944, List of military engagements of World War II - 1945, List of military engagements of World War II - Sieges, List of military engagements of World War II - Naval engagements, List of military engagements of World War II - Major bombing campaigns, List of military engagements of World War II - Operations, List of military engagements of World War II - Raiding Operations, List of military engagements of World War II - Raiding Units, List of military engagements of World War II - Defensive lines, List of military engagements of World War II - Contemporary wars, List of military engagements of World War II - Pre-World War II wars

Read more here: » List of military engagements of World War II: Encyclopedia II - List of military engagements of World War II - Major Campaigns

Main articles: European Theatre of World War II, Mediterranean Theatre of World War II, Pacific War, End of World War II in Europe World War II - A debated starting date. [4]The date on which World War II started is a debated subject; historians do not all agree on which event signified the start of the war. The most common date used is 1 September 1939, marking the German invasion of Poland which resulted in the B ...

See also:

World War II, World War II - Causes, World War II - Participants, World War II - Chronology, World War II - A debated starting date, World War II - 1937: Second Sino-Japanese War, World War II - 1939: War breaks out in Europe, World War II - 1940: The war spreads, World War II - 1941: The war becomes global, World War II - 1942: Deadlock, World War II - 1943: The war turns, World War II - 1944: The beginning of the end, World War II - 1945: The end of the war, World War II - Resistance, World War II - The Home fronts, World War II - Technologies, World War II - Civilian impact & atrocities, World War II - Genocide, World War II - Concentration camps labour camps and internment, World War II - War crimes and attacks on civilians, World War II - Aftermath, World War II - Casualties, World War II - A world in ruins, World War II - United Nations, World War II - The Cold War begins, World War II - Main articles, World War II - Media

Read more here: » World War II: Encyclopedia II - World War II - Chronology

World War I casualties - Table sources. Please note that casualty numbers are debated. The main source used for military deaths & wounded (unless stated otherwise in the footnotes below) is: Everett, Susan, History of World War I, (page 248), Bison Books, 1980. The main source used for civilian deaths (unless stated otherwise in the footnotes below) is: Tucker, Spencer C. The European Powers in the First World War: ...

See also:

World War I casualties, World War I casualties - Debated numbers, World War I casualties - Casualties by country, World War I casualties - Table sources, World War I casualties - Main articles, World War I casualties - Other

Read more here: » World War I casualties: Encyclopedia II - World War I casualties - Casualties by country

Aftermath of World War I - Revolutions. Perhaps the single most important event precipitated by the privations of the war was the Russian Revolution of 1917. Socialist and explicitly Communist uprisings also occurred in many other European countries from 1917 onwards, notably in Germany and Hungary. As a result of the Bolsheviks' failure to cede territory, German and Austrian forces defeated the Russian armies, and the new communist government signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918. In that treat ...

See also:

Aftermath of World War I, Aftermath of World War I - Blockade of Germany, Aftermath of World War I - Treaty of Versailles, Aftermath of World War I - Influenza pandemic, Aftermath of World War I - Geopolitical and economic consequences, Aftermath of World War I - Revolutions, Aftermath of World War I - Germany, Aftermath of World War I - Russia, Aftermath of World War I - Austro-Hungarian Empire, Aftermath of World War I - Ottoman Empire, Aftermath of World War I - United Kingdom, Aftermath of World War I - United States, Aftermath of World War I - France, Aftermath of World War I - Social trauma, Aftermath of World War I - Remains of ammunition, Aftermath of World War I - War memorials, Aftermath of World War I - Resources, Aftermath of World War I - Main articles

Read more here: » Aftermath of World War I: Encyclopedia II - Aftermath of World War I - Geopolitical and economic consequences

Some of the causes of the war lie in the structure of European society at the time, and the way it functioned. Causes of World War I - Unifications of Germany and Italy. In the years that followed the Congress of Vienna, conflicts began springing up all over Europe between those who cried out for change, and those who resisted it. By the mid-1800s, nationalism had become an evident force. A wave of unrest was seen across the continent in the Revolution of 1848. The 1860s and early 1870s saw two great chang ...

See also:

Causes of World War I, Causes of World War I - Ideological causes, Causes of World War I - The Rise of Nationalist Sentiment, Causes of World War I - Social Darwinism, Causes of World War I - German Domestic Politics, Causes of World War I - Structural or Systemic Causes, Causes of World War I - Unifications of Germany and Italy, Causes of World War I - Changes in Austria, Causes of World War I - Material causes, Causes of World War I - Colonial Expansion, Causes of World War I - Web of alliances, Causes of World War I - Over by Christmas, Causes of World War I - Incompetence, Causes of World War I - Primacy of the Offensive and War by Timetable, Causes of World War I - Communication Issues, Causes of World War I - Specific Events, Causes of World War I - The Congress of Vienna, Causes of World War I - The Franco–Prussian War 1870–1, Causes of World War I - The Rise of Kaiser Wilhelm II, Causes of World War I - Anglo–German Naval Race, Causes of World War I - Berlin-Baghdad Railway, Causes of World War I - Historiography, Causes of World War I - Sources, Causes of World War I - External link

Read more here: » Causes of World War I: Encyclopedia II - Causes of World War I - Structural or Systemic Causes

At the outbreak of the war, Tsar Nicholas II appointed his cousin, Grand Duke Nicholas as commander in chief. Although not without ability, the Grand Duke had no part in formulating the war plans. This led to disaster. The war in the East began with the Russian Army attempting to invade Germany's East Prussia province and the Austro-Hungarian province of Galicia. The first effort quickly turned to a disaster following the Battle of Tannenberg in August 1914. However, the second incursion was completely successful, with the Russians co ...

See also:

Eastern Front World War I, Eastern Front World War I - Chronology, Eastern Front World War I - Human cost

Read more here: » Eastern Front World War I: Encyclopedia II - Eastern Front World War I - Chronology

As losses of British shipping to U-boats mounted in late 1914 and early 1915, the Royal Navy became increasingly desperate to obtain workable countermeasures. They settled on the "decoy ship", a merchantman with concealed weapons that attempted to lure a U-boat in to close range so it could be shelled and sunk. The decoy ship had to be small and shabby, not worth a torpedo, making it an ideal target for a U-boat's deck gun. There was no particular champion for the concept; the idea just bubbled up from a number of officers and set the ...

See also:

First Battle of the Atlantic, First Battle of the Atlantic - The U-boat at war, First Battle of the Atlantic - Unrestricted submarine warfare, First Battle of the Atlantic - The Lusitania, First Battle of the Atlantic - Q-ships, First Battle of the Atlantic - U-boats in the Mediterranean, First Battle of the Atlantic - Mercantile submarines, First Battle of the Atlantic - Unrestricted submarine warfare resumed, First Battle of the Atlantic - America in the war, First Battle of the Atlantic - The convoy system, First Battle of the Atlantic - The last gasp of the U-boats

Read more here: » First Battle of the Atlantic: Encyclopedia II - First Battle of the Atlantic - Q-ships