Parthian Empire - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Parthian Empire: Encyclopedia - Parthian Empire
The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Parthian Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Parthian Empire - Origins
The Parthians were members of the Parni tribe, a nomadic people of Iranian origin, who spoke an Iranian language and entered the Iranian ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire
The Seleucid Empire was one of several political states founded after the death of Alexander the Great, whose generals squabbled over th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khvarvaran: Encyclopedia Ii - Khvarvaran - Ethnic Diversity & Religion
The inhabitants were very mixed. There was an aristocratic and administrative Persian upper class, but most of the population were middle...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Seleucid Empire - The Partition Of Alexander's Empire 323-281 Bc
Alexander the Great had conquered the Persian Empire within a short time-frame and died young, leaving an expansive empire of partly Hell...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Seleucid Empire - The Partition Of Alexander's Empire 323-281 Bc
Alexander the Great had conquered the Persian Empire within a short time-frame and died young, leaving an expansive empire of partly Hell...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aramaic Language: Encyclopedia - Aramaic Language
Aramaic is a Semitic language with a 3,000-year history. It has been the language of administration of empires and the language of divine...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Seleucid Empire - The Power Of Rome And Renewed Disintegration
But Antiochus' glory was not to last for long. Following his erstwhile ally Philip's defeat at the hands of Rome in 197 BC, Antiochus now...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Battle Of Carrhae: Encyclopedia - Battle Of Carrhae
The Battle of Carrhae was a decisive battle fought in the year 53 BC near the town of Carrhae (now the present-day ruins of Harran, Turke...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Buwayhid: Encyclopedia - Buwayhid
The Buwayhids or Buyyids or Āl-i Buyeh, were a Shi'ite tribal confederation from Daylam, a region on the southern shore of the Caspian S...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persian Empire: Encyclopedia - Persian Empire
The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). Persia's ear...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mesopotamia: Encyclopedia - Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia (Greek: Μεσοποταμία, translated from Old Persian Miyanrudan "between rivers"; Aramaic name being Beth-Nahrain "Hou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Babylon: Encyclopedia - Babylon
Babylon is the Greek variant of Akkadian Babilu, an ancient city in Mesopotamia (Location: 32°32′11″N, 44°25′15″E, modern Al Hi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Achaemenid Dynasty: Encyclopedia - Achaemenid Dynasty
Please remove this notice after the article has been expanded. Details are on this talk page or at Wikipedia:Requests for expansion. Jir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great
Alexander the Great (in Greek Μέγας Αλέξανδρος, transliterated Megas Alexandros; born in Pella, Macedon, in July, 356 BC, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Seleucid Empire - Eclipse And Revival
By the time Antiochus II's son Seleucus II Callinicus came to the throne around 246 BC, the Seleucids seemed to be at a low ebb indeed. A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zand Dynasty: Encyclopedia - Zand Dynasty
The Zand dynasty ruled southern and central Iran (1750–1794). The dynasty was formed by Karim Khan, chief of the Zand tribe of Lurs who...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vonones I Of Parthia: Encyclopedia - Vonones I Of Parthia
Vonones I of Parthia (ΟΝΩΝΗΣ on his coins) ruled the Parthian Empire from about AD 8–12. He was the eldest son of Phraates IV and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Seleucid Empire - Civil War And Further Decay
After the death of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, the Seleucid Empire became increasingly unstable. Frequent civil wars made central authority t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Seleucid Empire - In Modern Media
The Seleucid Empire is one of a number of factions in the 2004 PC game Rome: Total War. The Jewish Maccabees, who expelled the Seleucid, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Seleucid Empire - Collapse Of The Seleucid Empire
By 100 BC, the once formidable Seleucid Empire encompassed little more than Antioch and some Syrian cities. Despite the clear collapse of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khvarvaran: Encyclopedia Ii - Khvarvaran - The Tazi Arab Conquest And The Early Islamic Period
The first conflict between local Bedouin Tazi (Arab) tribes and Iranian forces seems to have been in 634, when the Tazis were defeated at...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Empire: Encyclopedia - Empire
An empire (also known technically, abstractly or disparagingly as an imperium, and with powers known among Romans as "imperium") comprise...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ctesiphon: Encyclopedia - Ctesiphon
Ctesiphon (Parthian: Tyspwn as well as Tisfun) is one of the great cities of ancient Mesopotamia and the capital of the Parthian Empire a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Marcus Licinius Crassus: Encyclopedia - Marcus Licinius Crassus
Marcus Licinius Crassus Dives (Latin: M·LICINIVS·P·F·P·N·CRASSVS·DIVES¹) (ca. 115 BC–53 BC) was a Roman general and politician ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Roman Empire: Encyclopedia - Western Roman Empire
The Western Roman Empire is the name given to the western half of the Roman Empire after its division by Diocletian in 286 AD. It would e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Seleucid Empire - An Overextended Domain
Nevertheless, even before Seleucus' death, the vast eastern domains of the Seleucids were proving difficult to assert control over. Seleu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Seleucid Empire - In Modern Media
The Seleucid Empire is one of a number of factions in the 2004 PC game Rome: Total War. The Jewish revolt Maccabee who expelled the Seleu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isfahan City: Encyclopedia Ii - Isfahan City - History
Isfahan city - Prehistory. History of Isfahan can be traced back to the Palaeolithic period. In recent Archaeological discoveries, arch...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indo-scythians: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-scythians - Indo-scythian Kingdoms
Indo-Scythians - Abiria to Surastrene. The first Indo-Scythian kingdom in the Indian subcontinent occupied the southern part of Pakista...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iranian Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Iranian Revolution - Precursors To The Revolution
Jiroft Kingdom Elamite Kingdom Median Empire Achaemenid Empire Seleucid Empire Parthian Empire Sassanid dynasty Islamic conquest of Ira...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - From Roman To Byzantine In The East
Roman Empire - Under Constantine 330–337 and his sons 337–361. Constantinople would serve as the capital of Constantine the Great f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Iran - Ancient History
The ancient nation of Iran was historically known to the West as Persia until March 21, 1935. The name was used in the West due to the an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Zhang Of Han: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Zhang Of Han - Palatial Intrigue
After his mother's death, Emperor Zhang continued to be a diligent emperor, but within the palace, there was much struggle between Empres...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Roman Empire - Early Cultural Differences And Divisions Between East And West
As the Roman Republic expanded, it gradually reached a point in which the central goverment in Rome could not expect to rule effectively ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Islamic Conquest Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - Islamic Conquest Of Persia - Persia Before The Conquest
Since the 1st century BCE, the border between the Roman (later Byzantine) and Parthian (later Sassanid) empires had been the Euphrates ri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Macrinus: Encyclopedia Ii - Macrinus - Background And Career
Born in Caesarea (modern Cherchell) in the Roman province of Mauretania to a middle class equestrian family, Macrinus received an educati...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pahlavi Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Pahlavi Dynasty - Reza Pahlavi And The Start Of The Dynasty
In 1921 Reza Khan (later Reza Shah Pahlavi), an officer in Iran's only military force (Cossack Brigade) used his troops to support a coup...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Roman Legions: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Roman Legions - Early Empire Legions
Legio I Legio I Germanica (German) - 48 BC to 70 (Batavian rebellion), Julius Caesar Legio I Adiutrix (Helper) - 68 to (at least) 444, N...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khuzestan: Encyclopedia Ii - Khuzestan - History
Khuzestan - Pre-Islamic History. Jiroft Kingdom Elamite Kingdom Median Empire Achaemenid Empire Seleucid Empire Parthian Empire Sassan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Julius Caesar: Encyclopedia Ii - Julius Caesar - Caesar's Cursus Honorum
Caesar was elected quaestor by the Assembly of the People in 70 BC, at the age of 30, as stipulated in the Roman cursus honorum. This off...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persian Mythology: Encyclopedia Ii - Persian Mythology - Good And Evil
The most famous legendary character in the Persian epics and mythology is Rostam. On the other side of the fence is Zahhak, a symbol of d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Republic: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Republic - History Of The Roman Republic
Roman Republic - The legendary founding of Rome — 753 BC. The origins and early history of Rome are very uncertain. While there are q...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iranian Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Iranian Revolution - Precursors To The Revolution
History of Iran Empires of Iran: Jiroft Kingdom Elamite Kingdom Mannaeans kingdom Median Empire Achaemenid Empire Seleucid Empire Par...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khuzestan Province: Encyclopedia Ii - Khuzestan Province - History
Khuzestan Province - Pre-Islamic History. History of Iran Empires of Iran: Jiroft Kingdom Elamite Kingdom Mannaeans kingdom Median E...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iranian Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Iranian Revolution - Precursors To The Revolution
History of Iran Empires of Iran: Jiroft Kingdom Mannaeans kingdom Elamite Kingdom Median Empire Achaemenid Empire Seleucid Empire Par...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persian Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Persian Empire - The Rise And Fall Of Empires In Persia
Persian Empire - The first Persian state: Achaemenid Persia 648 BC–330 BC. Main articles: Achaemenid dynasty, and [[]], and [[]], an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Central Asia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Central Asia - Prehistory
Recent genetic studies have concluded that humans arrived in the region around 40,000 to 50,000 years ago, making the region one of the o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Legio Xxii Deiotariana: Encyclopedia Ii - Legio Xxii Deiotariana - Legion History
Legio XXII Deiotariana - Origin of the legion. The legion was levied by Deiotarus, king of the Celtic tribe of the Tolistobogii, who li...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Muzaffarids: Encyclopedia Ii - Muzaffarids - Rise To Power
The Muzaffarids originated in Khorasan but fled to Yazd during the Mongol invasion. Serving under the Il-Khans, they gained prominence wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Susa: Encyclopedia Ii - Susa - History
Susa (Biblical Shushan, modern Shush, 32°12′N 48°15′E) was an ancient city of the Elamite, Persian and Parthian empires of Iran, lo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - The Empire After Constantine 337–395
Roman Empire - The sons of Constantine 337–361. The Empire was parted again among his three surviving sons. The Western Roman Empire ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sassanid Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Sassanid Dynasty - History
Sassanid dynasty - Early history 224-310. Ardashir rapidly extended his territory, demanding fealty from the local princes of Fars and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Safavids: Encyclopedia Ii - Safavids - Rise Of The Safavid State
Safavids - Beginnings. During the 15th century, the Ottomans expanded across Anatolia and centralized control by prosecuting Shi'ism. T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Qom Province: Encyclopedia Ii - Qom Province - History And Culture
Qom is thought to have existed in pre-Islamic ages. Archeological discoveries indicate Qom as a residential area from the 5th millennium ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Armenia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Armenia - Prehistory
Archaeologists refer to the Shulaveri-Shomu culture of the central Transcaucasus region, including modern Armenia, as the earliest known ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Augustus: Encyclopedia Ii - Augustus - Octavian Becomes Augustus: The Creation Of The Principate
The Western half of the Empire had sworn allegiance to Octavian prior to Actium in 30 BC, and after Actium and the defeat of Antony and C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Safavids: Encyclopedia Ii - Safavids - Rise Of The Safavid State
Safavids - Beginnings. During the 15th century, the Ottomans expanded across Anatolia and centralized control by prosecuting Shi'ism. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Qajar Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Qajar Dynasty - Origins Of The Quvanlu Qajars
The Qajars were a Turkmen tribe that held ancestral lands in present-day Azerbaijan, which then was part of Iran. In 1779, following the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sassanid Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Sassanid Dynasty - History
Sassanid dynasty - Early history 224-310. Ardashir rapidly extended his territory, demanding fealty from the local princes of Fars and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Satrap: Encyclopedia Ii - Satrap - Medo-persian Satraps
The first large scale use of satrapies, or provinces, originates to the conception of the first Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great, beg...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Elam: Encyclopedia Ii - Elam - History
Knowledge of Elamite history remains largely fragmentary, reconstruction being based on mainly Mesopotamian sources. The city of Susa was...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Period Of Conquests
Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire. Alexander's army had crossed the Hellespont with about 42,000 soldiers---primar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bushehr Province: Encyclopedia Ii - Bushehr Province - History
The Greeks knew of Bushehr by Mezambria during the battles of Nearchus. A French excavating team however in 1913 determined the origin of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ardashir I Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - Ardashir I Of Persia - Religion And State
According to historian Arthur Christensen, the Sassanid state as established by Ardashir I was characterized by two general trends which ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ardashir I Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - Ardashir I Of Persia - Religion And State
According to historian Arthur Christensen, the Sassanid state as established by Ardashir I was characterized by two general trends which ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Period Of Conquests
Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire. Alexander's army had crossed the Hellespont with about 42,000 soldiers---primar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Susa: Encyclopedia Ii - Susa - Susa In History
Susa (Biblical Shushan, modern Shush, 32°12′N 48°15′E) was an ancient city of the Elamite, Persian and Parthian empires of Iran, lo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mark Antony: Encyclopedia Ii - Mark Antony - Supporter Of Caesar
In 54 BC, Antony became a member of the staff of Caesar's armies in Gaul. He again proved to be a competent military leader in the Gallic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Babylon: Encyclopedia Ii - Babylon - History
The earliest mention of Babylon is in a dated tablet of the reign of Sargon of Akkad (24th century BC short chr.), who made it the capita...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dura-europos: Encyclopedia Ii - Dura-europos - Hellenistic Era
It was founded in 303 BCE by the Seleucids on the intersection of an east-west trade route and the trade route along the Euphrates. The n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aramaic Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Aramaic Language - Old Aramaic
Old Aramaic covers over thirteen centuries of the language. This vast time span is chosen as it includes all Aramaic that is now effectiv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Period Of Conquests
Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire. Alexander's army had crossed the Hellespont with about 40,000 soldiers---primar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Buwayhid: Encyclopedia Ii - Buwayhid - Buwayhid Amirs
Buwayhid - Major amirs. Generally, the three most powerful Buwayhid amirs at any given time were those in control of Fars, Jibal and Ir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mesopotamia: Encyclopedia Ii - Mesopotamia - Later History
However part, in the northwest, became Roman. Under the Tetrarchy, this was divided into two provinces, called Osrhoene (around Edessa; r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Marcus Licinius Crassus: Encyclopedia Ii - Marcus Licinius Crassus - Early Life
Marcus Licinius Crassus was the son of a former consul and censor, Publius Licinius Crassus Dives. He came from a respectable, well-estab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Empire - European Imperialism
The modern term "empire" derives from the Latin word imperium, a word coined in what became possibly the most famous example of this sort...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Achaemenid Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Achaemenid Dynasty - History
The founder of this dynasty was supposedly Achaemenes (Old Persian Haxāmaniš "Of Friendly Mind"). He was succeeded by his son Teispes (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Augustus: Encyclopedia Ii - Augustus - Octavian Becomes Augustus: The Creation Of The Principate
The Western half of the Empire had sworn allegiance to Octavian prior to Actium in 30 BC, and after Actium and the defeat of Antony and C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persian Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Persian Empire - The Rise And Fall Of Empires In Persia
Persian Empire - The first Persian state: Achaemenid Persia 648 BC-330 BC. The first record of the Persians comes from an Assyrian insc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Battle Of Carrhae: Encyclopedia Ii - Battle Of Carrhae - Outcome
It was one of the greatest defeats the Republic ever suffered. During the battle, Crassus' son Publius was slain and his head was put on ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ardashir I Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - Ardashir I Of Persia - War With Rome
In the latter years of his reign, Ardashir engaged in a series of armed conflicts with Persia's great rival to the west - the Roman Empir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Ancient Sources
The ancient sources for Alexander's life are, from the perspective of ancient history, relatively numerous. Alexander himself left only a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Death
On the afternoon of June 10 - 11, 323 BC, Alexander died of a mysterious illness in the palace of Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon. He was ju...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Legacy And Division Of The Empire
After Alexander's death, his empire was divided among his officers, mostly with the pretense of first preserving a united kingdom. Later,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Alexander's Character
Modern opinion on Alexander has run the gamut from the idea that he believed he was on a divinely-inspired mission to unite the human rac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Alexander's Legend
Alexander was a legend in his own time. His court historian Callisthenes portrayed the sea in Cilicia as drawing back from him in proskyn...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ardashir I Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - Ardashir I Of Persia - Early Years
Ardashir was born in the late 2nd century CE in Fars, a vassal kingdom of the Parthian Empire. His father Pāpağ (somtimes written as P�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ardashir I Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - Ardashir I Of Persia - War With Rome
In the latter years of his reign, Ardashir engaged in a series of armed conflicts with Persia's great rival to the west - the Roman Empir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Augustus: Encyclopedia Ii - Augustus - Augustus's Legacy
Augustus was deified soon after his death, and both his borrowed surname, Caesar, and his title Augustus became the permanent titles of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Augustus: Encyclopedia Ii - Augustus - Succession
Augustus' control of power throughout the Empire was so absolute that it allowed him to name his successor, a custom that had been abando...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Augustus: Encyclopedia Ii - Augustus - Augustus In Popular Culture
In the HBO television series "Rome", young Octavian is portrayed by Max Pirkis. Augustus was ranked #18 on Michael H. Hart's list of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Armenia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Armenia - Early History
The Armenian Kingdom of Urartu or Van flourished in the Caucasus and eastern Asia Minor between ca. 800 BC and 600 BC. It streched from t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Augustus: Encyclopedia Ii - Augustus - Reign
Having gained power by means of great audacity, Augustus ruled with great prudence. In exchange for near absolute power, he gave Rome 40 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bushehr Province: Encyclopedia Ii - Bushehr Province - Bushehr Today
Aside from the revived port city of Bushehr, which is the second main naval port of Iran after Bandar Abbas, Bushehr also has come back r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Augustus: Encyclopedia Ii - Augustus - Early Life
Augustus was born in Rome with the name Gaius Octavius Thurinus. His father, also Gaius Octavius, came from a respectable but undistingui...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Augustus: Encyclopedia Ii - Augustus - Rise To Power
When Caesar was assassinated in March 44 BC, Octavius was with the army at Apollonia, in what is now Albania. When Caesar's will was read...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ardashir I Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - Ardashir I Of Persia - Early Years
Ardashir was born in the late 2nd century CE in Fars, a vassal kingdom of the Parthian Empire. His father Pāpağ (somtimes written as P�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander The Great - Alexander's Marriages And Sexuality
Alexander's greatest emotional attachment is generally considered to have been to his companion, cavalry commander (chiliarchos) and prob...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sassanid Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Sassanid Dynasty - Iranian Society Under Sassanids
Historians believe that society was divided into four classes: Priests (Atorbanan in Persian:آتروبانان), Warriors (Arteshtaran i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sassanid Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Sassanid Dynasty - Conflicts
Initially Sassanids, like Parthians, were in constant hostility with Roman Empire, and following the division of the Roman empire in year...   » Read the article