Its name commemorates the Battle of Bir-Hakeim during World War II. A commemorative panel is situated at the entrance of the platform for trains traveling towards the station Nation. It is the station closest to the Eiffel Tower and is thus frequented by tourists to the French capital. The signs on the station walls say "Bir-Hakeim -- Tour Eiffel" to alert people to this fact. Near the station is the Vel d'Hiv, or Winter Velodrome, which is famous for its cycling competitions, but is equally infamous as having been the first pl ...

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Bir-Hakeim Paris Metro, Bir-Hakeim Paris Metro - History

Read more here: » Bir-Hakeim Paris Metro: Encyclopedia II - Bir-Hakeim Paris Metro - History

Pierre Corneille - Early Life and Plays. Corneille was born at Rouen, France, to Marthe le Pesant and Pierre Corneille (a minor administrative official). He was given a rigorous Jesuit education and then began to study law at eighteen. His practical legal endeavors were largely unsuccessful. Corneille’s father secured two magisterial posts for him with the Rouen department of Forests and Rivers. During his time with the department, he wrote his first play. It is unknown exactly when the writing took plac ...

See also:

Pierre Corneille, Pierre Corneille - Biography, Pierre Corneille - Early Life and Plays, Pierre Corneille - Les Cinq Auteurs, Pierre Corneille - Querelle du Cid, Pierre Corneille - Response to the Querelle du Cid, Pierre Corneille - Later Plays, Pierre Corneille - Quotes, Pierre Corneille - From Corneille's Plays, Pierre Corneille - About Corneille, Pierre Corneille - E-Text, Pierre Corneille - Works

Read more here: » Pierre Corneille: Encyclopedia II - Pierre Corneille - Biography

The palazzo is now the largest museum complex in Florence. The principal palazzo block, often in a building of this design known as the corps de logis, is 32,000 square metres. It is divided into several of the principal galleries or museums detailed below. Palazzo Pitti - Palatine Gallery. The Palatine Gallery, on the first floor of the piano nobile, is perhaps the most famous of the galleries, a large ensemble of over 500 principally Renaissance paintings which were once part of the Medici's and the ...

See also:

Palazzo Pitti, Palazzo Pitti - Early history, Palazzo Pitti - The Medici, Palazzo Pitti - Houses of Lorraine and Savoy, Palazzo Pitti - Palazzo Pitti galleries, Palazzo Pitti - Palatine Gallery, Palazzo Pitti - Royal Apartments, Palazzo Pitti - Gallery of Modern Art, Palazzo Pitti - Silver Museum, Palazzo Pitti - Porcelain Museum, Palazzo Pitti - Costume Gallery, Palazzo Pitti - Museum of Zoology and Natural History La Specola, Palazzo Pitti - Carriages Museum, Palazzo Pitti - The Palazzo today

Read more here: » Palazzo Pitti: Encyclopedia II - Palazzo Pitti - Palazzo Pitti galleries

Parkour - Tricks and acrobatics - are they parkour?. Many traceurs are interested not only in movements that allow them to clear obstacles, but movements that create visual flair as well. Whether these could be called parkour or not is a common subject for disagreement in the parkour community. The original ideal of parkour was solely based on the speed and continuation of movement from point A to point B. While one creates art with the individual movements of one's body between two obstacles, the art loses its m ...

See also:

Parkour, Parkour - Terminology, Parkour - History, Parkour - Implementation, Parkour - Danger, Parkour - Parkour in the Media, Parkour - Common debates in parkour, Parkour - Tricks and acrobatics - are they parkour?, Parkour - Purpose-built training areas, Parkour - Commercialisation and growth, Parkour - Freestyle Parkour, Parkour - Notes & references

Read more here: » Parkour: Encyclopedia II - Parkour - Common debates in parkour

German counterintelligence also used the name "Red Orchestra" to denote a group engaged in pure resistance to the Nazi regime. This group was a friendship network centred around Harro Schulze-Boysen an intelligence officer for the German Air Ministry and Arvid Harnack in the German Ministry of Economics. Running the gamut of German society, it contained Communists and political conservatives, Jews, Catholics and atheists united in to fight the Nazis and their human rights violations. Unusual for that time and unique within the forms of Germa ...

See also:

Red Orchestra, Red Orchestra - The Trepper group, Red Orchestra - The Schulze-Boysen / Harnack group, Red Orchestra - External link

Read more here: » Red Orchestra: Encyclopedia II - Red Orchestra - The Schulze-Boysen / Harnack group

The first celesta was invented in 1886 by the Parisian harmonium builder Auguste Mustel. Mustel's father, Victor Mustel, had developed the forerunner of the celesta, the typophone or the dulcitone, in 1860. This consisted of struck tuning-forks instead of metal plates, but the sound produced was considered too small to be of use in an orchestral situation. Tchaikovsky's Dance of the Sugarplum Fairy, from The Nutcracker ballet was one of the first symphonic works to feature the celesta. The instrument has since been used frequently in the orchestra, often to reflect a fa ...

See also:

Celesta, Celesta - History, Celesta - Works featuring the celesta

Read more here: » Celesta: Encyclopedia II - Celesta - History

See also: Afghanistan timeline August 2003 California recall Dodgy Dossier Columbia investigation EU enlargement Hong Kong Basic Law Hutton Inquiry Liberian crisis North Korea crisis Occupation of Iraq: Timeline Road map for peace Same-sex marriage SARS: Timeline SCO v. IBM Linux lawsuit US v. EU on GM food US-Canada blackou ...

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August 2003, August 2003 - Events, August 2003 - August 31 2003, August 2003 - August 30 2003, August 2003 - August 29 2003, August 2003 - August 28 2003, August 2003 - August 27 2003, August 2003 - August 26 2003, August 2003 - August 25 2003, August 2003 - August 24 2003, August 2003 - August 23 2003, August 2003 - August 22 2003, August 2003 - August 21 2003, August 2003 - August 20 2003, August 2003 - August 19 2003, August 2003 - August 18 2003, August 2003 - August 17 2003, August 2003 - August 16 2003, August 2003 - August 15 2003, August 2003 - August 14 2003, August 2003 - August 13 2003, August 2003 - August 12 2003, August 2003 - August 11 2003, August 2003 - August 10 2003, August 2003 - August 9 2003, August 2003 - August 8 2003, August 2003 - August 7 2003, August 2003 - August 6 2003, August 2003 - August 5 2003, August 2003 - August 4 2003, August 2003 - August 2 2003, August 2003 - August 1 2003, August 2003 - Events by month

Read more here: » August 2003: Encyclopedia II - August 2003 - Events

L'Oréal - Corporate governance. Current members of the board of directors of L'Oréal are: Francisco Basco, Werner Bauer, Liliane Bettencourt, Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, François Dalle, Jean-Louis Dumas, Xavier Fontanet, Bernard Kasriel, Marc Lacharrière, Françoise Meyers, Jean-Pierre Meyers, Lindsay Owen-Jones, Franck Riboud, and Louis Schweitzer. The management committee includes: Sir Lindsay Owen-Jones, Chairman and CEO Giorgio Galli, EVP of Communications

In French, Greek and Dutch (but seldomly in English (compare: coëfficiënt in Dutch, but coefficient in English, yet in both languages the o and the e are pronounced separately)) the diaeresis is placed on a vowel to indicate that the second of a pair is to be pronounced as a separate vowel rather than being treated as silent or as part of a diphthong, as in the word naïve or the names Chloë and Zoë. Welsh also uses the diacritic for this purpose, with the diaeresis usually indicating the stressed vowel ...

See also:

Diaeresis, Diaeresis - Usage, Diaeresis - Similar looks different functions, Diaeresis - Umlaut, Diaeresis - Other evolved ligatures, Diaeresis - Diaeresis in Cyrillic, Diaeresis - How to produce the characters on computers, Diaeresis - Time derivatives in mathematics

Read more here: » Diaeresis: Encyclopedia II - Diaeresis - Usage

In 1966 de Man met Jacques Derrida at a Johns Hopkins conference on structuralism at which Derrida first delivered "Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences." The two became close friends and colleagues. De Man elaborated a distinct deconstruction in his philosophically-oriented literary criticism of John Keats, Maurice Blanchot, Marcel Proust, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Friedrich Nietzsche, Immanuel Kant, GWF Hegel, Walter Benjamin, German Roman ...

See also:

Paul de Man, Paul de Man - Academic work, Paul de Man - Wartime journalism his influence and legacy, Paul de Man - Works, Paul de Man - Selected secondary works

Read more here: » Paul de Man: Encyclopedia II - Paul de Man - Academic work

Piccadilly Circus is surrounded by several major tourist attractions, including the Shaftesbury Memorial, Criterion Theatre, London Pavilion and several major retail stores. Piccadilly Circus - Neon signs and the Coca-Cola display. Main articles: Illuminated advertisements of Piccadilly Circus, and [[{{{2}}}]]See also:

Piccadilly Circus, Piccadilly Circus - Overview, Piccadilly Circus - History of Piccadilly Circus, Piccadilly Circus - Location and sights, Piccadilly Circus - Neon signs and the Coca-Cola display, Piccadilly Circus - Shaftesbury Memorial and Eros, Piccadilly Circus - Criterion Theatre, Piccadilly Circus - London Pavilion, Piccadilly Circus - Major shops, Piccadilly Circus - Underground station and the Piccadilly Line, Piccadilly Circus - Piccadilly Circus in popular culture

Read more here: » Piccadilly Circus: Encyclopedia II - Piccadilly Circus - Location and sights

With the abolition of the office of superintendent and of many other offices dependent upon it, the supreme control of the finances became vested in a royal council. The sovereign functioned as its president; but Colbert, though for four years he only possessed the title of intendant, operated as its ruling spirit, having had great personal authority conferred upon him by the king. One must not judge the career on which Colbert now entered without constant remembrance of the utter rottenness of the previous financial administration. H ...

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Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Jean-Baptiste Colbert - Early life, Jean-Baptiste Colbert - The Fronde and later revolts, Jean-Baptiste Colbert - The death of Mazarin and Colbert's rise, Jean-Baptiste Colbert - Economic reform, Jean-Baptiste Colbert - Protectionism, Jean-Baptiste Colbert - Ships, Jean-Baptiste Colbert - Religion, Jean-Baptiste Colbert - Culture, Jean-Baptiste Colbert - Quotes, Jean-Baptiste Colbert - Publications, Jean-Baptiste Colbert - Trivia

Read more here: » Jean-Baptiste Colbert: Encyclopedia II - Jean-Baptiste Colbert - Economic reform

Akhmatova was born in Bolshoy Fontan near Odessa. Her childhood does not appear to have been happy; her parents separated in 1905. She was educated in Kiev, Tsarskoe Selo, and the Smolny Institute of St Petersburg. Anna started writing poetry at the age of 11, inspired by her favourite poets: Racine, Pushkin, and Baratynsky. As her father didn't want to see any verses printed under his "respectable" name, she had to adopt the surname of one of her Tatar ancestors as a pseudonym. Grey-Eyed King (1910) Hail! Hail to thee, o, immovable pain! The young grey-ey ...

See also:

Anna Akhmatova, Anna Akhmatova - Early life, Anna Akhmatova - Silver Age, Anna Akhmatova - The accursed years, Anna Akhmatova - The thaw, Anna Akhmatova - Bibliography

Read more here: » Anna Akhmatova: Encyclopedia II - Anna Akhmatova - Early life

A year previously he had come to the attention of the Canadian Abbé, Léon Gingras, whom he had met (and apparently impressed) in Rome. Abbé Gingras made entreaties to his friend and colleague the vicar-general of Quebec, Abbé Charles-Félix Cazeau, to have Brasseur de Bourbourg assigned to a position in the seminary there. Correspondence began in late 1844, with Abbé Gingras pressing his claims that the seminary "...move heaven and earth to ensure that such a splendid bird does n ...

See also:

Charles Etienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, Charles Etienne Brasseur de Bourbourg - Early life and writings, Charles Etienne Brasseur de Bourbourg - Dispatched to Quebec, Charles Etienne Brasseur de Bourbourg - Travels and expeditions to Central America, Charles Etienne Brasseur de Bourbourg - Discovery of de Landa's work, Charles Etienne Brasseur de Bourbourg - Publication of Popol Vuh, Charles Etienne Brasseur de Bourbourg - Identification of Maya codex, Charles Etienne Brasseur de Bourbourg - Death assessment of accomplishments, Charles Etienne Brasseur de Bourbourg - List of publications

Read more here: » Charles Etienne Brasseur de Bourbourg: Encyclopedia II - Charles Etienne Brasseur de Bourbourg - Dispatched to Quebec

In the United States, these include: Beefsteak, Bread du Jour, Butternut Breads, Colombo, Cotton’s Holsum, Di Carlo, Eddy’s, Holsum, Home Pride, J.J. Nissen, Marie Callender’s, Merita, Millbrook, Mrs. Cubbison’s, Parisian, Sunbeam and Sweetheart. Also, IBC bakes and distributes Roman Meal and Sun-Maid bread. ...

See also:

Interstate Bakeries Corporation, Interstate Bakeries Corporation - Other brands of IBC, Interstate Bakeries Corporation - External link

Read more here: » Interstate Bakeries Corporation: Encyclopedia II - Interstate Bakeries Corporation - Other brands of IBC

List of department stores - Defunct U.S. chains liquidated or not acquired by extant chains. Alexander's (New York metropolitan area). Declared bankruptcy in 1992. Ames Department Stores. B. Altman and Company (New York City). L.L. Berger (Buffalo). Catered to upper middle class customers. Its last store, in downtown Buffalo, closed in 1991. Best & Company (New York). A department store exclusively for children of the well-to-do. Once one of the cluster of grand New Y ...

See also:

List of department stores, List of department stores - Australia, List of department stores - Belgium, List of department stores - Brazil, List of department stores - Canada, List of department stores - Current, List of department stores - Historical, List of department stores - Denmark, List of department stores - Finland, List of department stores - France, List of department stores - Germany, List of department stores - Hong Kong, List of department stores - Indonesia, List of department stores - Ireland, List of department stores - India, List of department stores - India, List of department stores - Current, List of department stores - Malaysia, List of department stores - Defunct, List of department stores - Netherlands, List of department stores - New Zealand, List of department stores - Philippines, List of department stores - Poland, List of department stores - Puerto Rico, List of department stores - Saudi Arabia, List of department stores - Singapore, List of department stores - South Korea, List of department stores - Spain, List of department stores - Sweden, List of department stores - Switzerland, List of department stores - Thailand, List of department stores - United Kingdom, List of department stores - United States of America, List of department stores - Defunct U.S. chains liquidated or not acquired by extant chains

Read more here: » List of department stores: Encyclopedia II - List of department stores - United States of America

In any effort to modernize or reform the empire the Sultan was always opposed by the powerful military and religious elite who did not want to lose their traditional powers. One of the most powerful of these elites, was the powerful religious body known as the ulema. If the ulema was displeased with a Sultan a decree known as a fetva would be issued and the Sultan would be removed from power. The threat of a fetva was a powerful weapon used many times by the ...

See also:

Fall of the Ottoman Empire, Fall of the Ottoman Empire - Mammud II, Fall of the Ottoman Empire - Economy, Fall of the Ottoman Empire - Technology, Fall of the Ottoman Empire - Trade, Fall of the Ottoman Empire - State, Fall of the Ottoman Empire - Politics, Fall of the Ottoman Empire - Military

Read more here: » Fall of the Ottoman Empire: Encyclopedia II - Fall of the Ottoman Empire - State

The Belgian Para Committee, which had tested the Mars effect in the 1960s and replicated it, suspected that the slightly skewed percentages may have been an artifact. To test this suspicion and eliminate for bias, Professor Marvin Zelen proposed that Gauquelin randomly pick 100 athletes from his group of 2,088 and check the birth/planet correlations of all the other babies born at the same times and places. This was NOT a test of the Mars effect, but a test of the base-rate (chance) expectation. (The 100 random at ...

See also:

Mars effect, Mars effect - A history of the affair, Mars effect - Further reference

Read more here: » Mars effect: Encyclopedia II - Mars effect - A history of the affair

Jacques Derrida - Early works. Derrida's earliest work was in phenomenology. His earliest academic manuscript for a degree was a work on Edmund Husserl and "genesis", submitted in 1954 and much later published as The Problem of Genesis in Husserl's Phenomenology. In 1962 he published a translation of Husserl's Foundations of Geometry, for which he wrote a lengthy introdu ...

See also:

Jacques Derrida, Jacques Derrida - Life, Jacques Derrida - Work, Jacques Derrida - Early works, Jacques Derrida - 1967-1972, Jacques Derrida - On Spirit, Jacques Derrida - Other Works, Jacques Derrida - Deconstruction, Jacques Derrida - Aporia, Jacques Derrida - Taking Derrida Seriously, Jacques Derrida - Criticism of Derrida, Jacques Derrida - Politics, Jacques Derrida - Derrida and his peers, Jacques Derrida - Paul de Man, Jacques Derrida - Derrida's Translators, Jacques Derrida - Controversies and mourning, Jacques Derrida - Online texts, Jacques Derrida - Essays excerpts, Jacques Derrida - Interviews, Jacques Derrida - Bibliography, Jacques Derrida - Selected works by Derrida, Jacques Derrida - Works on Derrida, Jacques Derrida - Works by others referenced above

Read more here: » Jacques Derrida: Encyclopedia II - Jacques Derrida - Work

The Chanel logo is an overlapping double 'C' - one facing forward and the other facing backward. This comes from the name Coco Chanel. The logo was not trademarked until during the first openings of Chanel stores. Chanel is currently trying to deal with their logo being illegally used on cheaper goods, especially on fake handbags. Countries said to be producing great numbers of fake Chanel handbags are Vietnam, Thailand and China. An authentic Chanel handbag retails for around AU$3700, while fakes usually cost around AU$30-100, creating a demand for the signature s ...

See also:

Chanel, Chanel - Chanel logo, Chanel - 2.55 handbag, Chanel - Development, Chanel - Leftover stock, Chanel - Myth, Chanel - Controversy, Chanel - Sources

Read more here: » Chanel: Encyclopedia II - Chanel - Chanel logo

Martignac's accession to power, however, had only meant personal concessions from Charles X, not any concession of principle: he supported his ministry but was no real stand-by. The Liberals, on the other hand, made bargains for supporting the moderate royalists, and Charles X profited by this to form a fighting ministry in conjunction with the prince de Polignac, one of the émigrés, an ignorant and visionary person, and the comte de Bourmont, the traitor of Waterloo. Despite all kinds of warnings, de Polignac tried by a coup d'à ...

See also:

July Revolution, July Revolution - Background, July Revolution - Charles X's reign, July Revolution - The Revolt, July Revolution - Effects

Read more here: » July Revolution: Encyclopedia II - July Revolution - The Revolt

L'Oréal - Corporate governance. Current members of the board of directors of L'Oréal are: Francisco Basco, Werner Bauer, Liliane Bettencourt, Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, François Dalle, Jean-Louis Dumas, Xavier Fontanet, Bernard Kasriel, Marc Lacharrière, Françoise Meyers, Jean-Pierre Meyers, Lindsay Owen-Jones, Franck Riboud, and Louis Schweitzer. The management committee includes: Sir Lindsay Owen-Jones, Chairman and CEO Giorgio Galli, EVP of Communications