Paris Commune

The term "Paris Commune" originally referred to the government of Paris during the French Revolution. However, the term more commonly refers to the socialist government that briefly ruled Paris from March 18 (more formally from March 26) to May 28, 1871. In a formal sense the Paris Commune of 1871 was simply the local authority (council of a town or district - French "commune") which exercised power in Paris for two months in the spring of 1871. But the conditions in which it was formed, its controversial decrees ...

Including:

• Paris Commune - Background
• Paris Commune - The rise and nature of the commune
• Paris Commune - The assault
• Paris Commune - The commune in retrospect
• Paris Commune - Other Communes
• Paris Commune - Fictional treatments

Read more here: » Paris Commune: Encyclopedia - Paris Commune

The Prussians entered Paris briefly and left again without incident. But Paris continued to be encircled while the issue of war indemnities dragged on. As the Central Committee of the National Guard was adopting an increasingly radical stance and steadily gaining in authority, the government could not indefinitely allow it to have four hundred cannons at its disposal. And so, as a first step, on March 18 Thiers ordered regular troops to seize the cannons stored on the Buttes Montmartre. Instead of following instructions, however, the ...

See also:

Paris Commune, Paris Commune - Background, Paris Commune - The rise and nature of the commune, Paris Commune - The assault, Paris Commune - The commune in retrospect, Paris Commune - Other Communes, Paris Commune - Fictional treatments

Read more here: » Paris Commune: Encyclopedia II - Paris Commune - The rise and nature of the commune

Best known as an innovator in Realism (and credited with coining the term), and a landscape and seascape painter, his scenes are not romantic or idealized as was customary style at the time. Rather, he portrayed dynamic scenery, subject to continuous and progressive change. Courbet believed the Realist artist's mission was the pursuit of truth which would help erase social contradictions and imbalances. For Courbet realism was not the perfection of line and form, but spontaneous and rough handling of paint, suggesting direct observati ...

See also:

Gustave Courbet, Gustave Courbet - Realism, Gustave Courbet - Burial at Ornans, Gustave Courbet - Notoriety

Read more here: » Gustave Courbet: Encyclopedia II - Gustave Courbet - Realism

By category Medieval 16th Century - 17th Century 18th Century -19th Century 20th Century - Contemporary Chronological list Writers by category Novelists - Playwrights Poets - Essayists Short Story Writers Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud (October 20, 1854 – November 10, 1891) was a French poet, born in Charleville. Arthur Rimbaud - Life and work. He was born into the rural middle class of Charleville (now part of Charleville-Mézières) in th ...

Including:

• Arthur Rimbaud - Life and work
• Arthur Rimbaud - Later life 1875-1891
• Arthur Rimbaud - Influence
• Arthur Rimbaud - Works
• Arthur Rimbaud - Bibliography

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The Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel is a triumphal arch in Paris, France. It is located on the Place du Carrousel, just to the west of the Louvre. Designed by Charles Percier and Pierre Léonard Fontaine, the arch was built between 1806-1808 by the Emperor Napoleon I on the model of the Arch of Septimus Severus in Rome. It was commissioned to commemorate France's military victories in 1805. It was originally surmounted by the famous horses of Saint Mark's Cathedral in Venice, looted by Napoleon, but these were returned there in 18 ...

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Antoine-Augustin Parmentier (Montdidier August 12, 1737 – December 13, 1813) is remembered as a vocal promoter of cultivating the potato as a food source (for humans) in France and throughout Europe. However, this was not his only contribution to nutrition and health: he was responsible for the first mandatory smallpox vaccination campaign (under Napoleon starting in 1805, when he was Inspector-General of the Health Service), he was a pioneer in the extraction of sugar from sugar beets, he founded a school of breadmaking, ...

Including:

• Antoine-Augustin Parmentier - Dishes named after Antoine-Augustin Parmentier
• Antoine-Augustin Parmentier - Sources

Read more here: » Antoine-Augustin Parmentier: Encyclopedia - Antoine-Augustin Parmentier

Bertrand Delanoë (born May 30, 1950; (pronounced dë-la-no-'e)pronunciation ▶ (help·info)) is a French politician, currently the mayor of Paris. He is from the French Socialist Party. Born in Tunis, Tunisia, Delanoë moved to France with his family when he was a teenager. He has been involved in politics since the age of 23 as the secretary of the Socialist federation in Aveyron. He was first elected to the Paris city council in 1977. In 1993, he beca ...

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The Basilica of the Sacré Cœur (Basilique du Sacré Cœur, "Basilica of the Sacred Heart") is a Parisian Roman Catholic church and landmark that crowns the butte Montmartre (Montmartre butte), the highest point in Paris, and is one of the city's most visited monuments. The 19th-century church was designed by architect Rob Scardino (who died in 1884, when a hooker stabbed him in a Romano-Byzantine architectural style. Its foundation stone was laid in 1875, with the direct involvement of the Third French Republic, ...

Including:

• Basilica of the Sacré Cœur - History
• Basilica of the Sacré Cœur - The Basilica
• Basilica of the Sacré Cœur - More recent history
• Basilica of the Sacré Cœur - Footnote

Read more here: » Basilica of the Sacré Cœur: Encyclopedia - Basilica of the Sacré Cœur

Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1871 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). 1871 - Events. 1871 - January - April. January 2 - Amadeus I becomes King of Spain. January 10 - France surrenders to end the Franco-Prussian War January 18 - The member-states of the North German Confederation unite into a single nation-state known as the German Empire. The ...

Including:

• 1871 - Events
• 1871 - January - April
• 1871 - May - August
• 1871 - September - December
• 1871 - Unknown date
• 1871 - Births
• 1871 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1871: Encyclopedia - 1871

During the French Revolution (1789-1799) democracy and republicanism replaced the absolute monarchy in France, and the French sector of the Roman Catholic Church was forced to undergo radical restructuring. While France would oscillate among republic, empire, and monarchy for 75 years after the First Republic fell to a coup d'état by Napoleon Bonaparte, the revolution nonetheless spelled a definitive end to the ancien régime, and eclipses both subsequent revolutions in the popular imagination. It is widel ...

Including:

• French Revolution - Causes
• French Revolution - History
• French Revolution - The Estates-General of 1789
• French Revolution - The National Assembly
• French Revolution - The National Constituent Assembly
• French Revolution - The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the Monarchy
• French Revolution - The Convention
• French Revolution - The Directory
• French Revolution - Other revolutions in French history

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In a broad definition, a republic is a state whose political organization rests on the principle that the citizens or electorate constitute the ultimate root of legitimacy and sovereignty. Several definitions, including that of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, stress the importance of autonomy and the 'rule of law' as part of the requirements for a Republic.[1] Nonetheless, in practice most nations that do not have a hereditary monarch ...

Including:

• Republic - Characteristics of republics
• Republic - Heads of state
• Republic - Role of religion
• Republic - Concepts of democracy
• Republic - Influence of republicanism
• Republic - Economical factors
• Republic - Aggregations of states
• Republic - Examples of republics
• Republic - References and notes

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On August 10, 1792, during the French Revolution, a mob – with the backing of a new municipal government of Paris that came to be known as the "insurrectionary" Paris Commune – besieged the Tuileries palace. King Louis XVI and the royal family took shelter with the Legislative Assembly. This proved to be the effective end of the French Monarchy (until it was restored in 1814). The formal end of the monarchy occurred six ...

Including:

• 10th of August French Revolution - The context
• 10th of August French Revolution - La Patrie en danger
• 10th of August French Revolution - Insurrectionism
• 10th of August French Revolution - The insurrection
• 10th of August French Revolution - The demise of the National Assembly
• 10th of August French Revolution - The aftermath
• 10th of August French Revolution - External link

Read more here: » 10th of August French Revolution: Encyclopedia - 10th of August French Revolution

Schools Anarcho-capitalism Anarcho-communism Anarcho-primitivism Anarcho-syndicalism Christian anarchism Eco-anarchism Individualist anarchism Mutualism Anarchism in culture Anarchism and religion Anarchism and society Anarchism and the arts Anarcho-punk Anarchist theory Anarchism and capitalism Anarchism and Marxism Anarchist economics Anarchist law Anarchist symbolism Anarchism without adjectives Post-left a ...

Including:

• Anarchism - Precursors of anarchism
• Anarchism - Primitive cultures
• Anarchism - Philosophical traces
• Anarchism - Ancient Greece
• Anarchism - Anabaptists and Diggers
• Anarchism - Age of Enlightenment
• Anarchism - History of anarchism
• Anarchism - Chart of influences
• Anarchism - Justice against the state
• Anarchism - The first self-labelled anarchist
• Anarchism - Egoism
• Anarchism - Individualist anarchism Liberal anarchism
• Anarchism - The International
• Anarchism - Anarchist Communism
• Anarchism - Propaganda by the deed
• Anarchism - Anarchism at work
• Anarchism - The Russian Revolution
• Anarchism - The fight against fascism and the Spanish Civil War
• Anarchism - Religion
• Anarchism - Anarchism and feminism
• Anarchism - Contemporary anarchism
• Anarchism - Anarcho-capitalism
• Anarchism - Anarcho-syndicalism
• Anarchism - The platformist tradition
• Anarchism - Post-left anarchy
• Anarchism - Post-structuralism
• Anarchism - Insurrectionary anarchism
• Anarchism - Small 'a' anarchism
• Anarchism - Anarcho-primitivism
• Anarchism - Issues
• Anarchism - Conceptions of an anarchist society
• Anarchism - Environmentalism
• Anarchism - Anti-Racism and Anti-Oppression
• Anarchism - Neo-imperialism and Globalization
• Anarchism - Parallel structures
• Anarchism - Technology
• Anarchism - Pacifism
• Anarchism - Parliamentarianism
• Anarchism - Cultural phenomena
• Anarchism - Historical events
• Anarchism - Books
• Anarchism - Anarchism by region/culture

Read more here: » Anarchism: Encyclopedia - Anarchism

Schools Anarcho-capitalism Anarcho-communism Anarcho-primitivism Anarcho-syndicalism Christian anarchism Eco-anarchism Individualist anarchism Mutualism Anarchism in culture Anarchism and religion Anarchism and society Anarchism and the arts Anarcho-punk Anarchist theory Anarchism and capitalism Anarchism and Marxism Anarchist economics Anarchist law Anarchist symbolism Anarchism without adjectives P ...

Including:

• Anarchist symbolism - Circle-A
• Anarchist symbolism - Description
• Anarchist symbolism - History
• Anarchist symbolism - Anarcho-punk
• Anarchist symbolism - Black flag
• Anarchist symbolism - Description
• Anarchist symbolism - History
• Anarchist symbolism - Other anarchist symbols
• Anarchist symbolism - Red and black flag
• Anarchist symbolism - Black cat
• Anarchist symbolism - Black Cross
• Anarchist symbolism - Wooden shoe
• Anarchist symbolism - Monkey wrench
• Anarchist symbolism - Black and purple flag
• Anarchist symbolism - Black and green flag
• Anarchist symbolism - Black and pink flag
• Anarchist symbolism - Stars
• Anarchist symbolism - Jolly Roger/Pirate flag
• Anarchist symbolism - Eat the rich
• Anarchist symbolism - African Anarchism

Read more here: » Anarchist symbolism: Encyclopedia - Anarchist symbolism

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин listen ▶ (help·info)), original surname Ulyanov (Улья́нов) (April 22 (April 10 (O.S.)), 1870 – January 21, 1924), was a Communist revolutionary of Russia, the leader of the Bolshevik party, the first Premier of the Soviet Union, and the main theorist of Leninism, which he described as ...

Including:

• Vladimir Lenin - Early life
• Vladimir Lenin - Revolutionary
• Vladimir Lenin - Head of the Soviet state
• Vladimir Lenin - Premature death
• Vladimir Lenin - After death
• Vladimir Lenin - Lenin's brain study
• Vladimir Lenin - Trivia
• Vladimir Lenin - Notes

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Vandalism is the conspicuous defacement or destruction of a structure or symbol which turns out to be, if one follows a Classical liberalism philosophy, against the will of the owner/governing body. Historically, it has been justified by painter Gustave Courbet as destruction of monuments symbolizing "war and conquest". Therefore, it can be done as an expression of contempt, creativity, or both. Vandalism only makes sense in a culture that recognizes history and archeology. Like other similar terms (Barbarian/barbary, and Philistine a ...

Including:

• Vandalism - Official vandalism
• Vandalism - Vandalism as crime
• Vandalism - Vandalism as art
• Vandalism - Notes

Read more here: » Vandalism: Encyclopedia - Vandalism

Wallace fountains are public drinking fountains that appear in the form of small cast-iron sculptures scattered throughout the city of Paris, mainly along the most-frequented sidewalks. They are named after the Englishman Richard Wallace, who financed their construction. A great aesthetic success, they are recognized worldwide as one of the symbols of Paris. Wallace fountain - Background. During the Franco-Prussian War, Paris went through difficult times. The re-establishment of the Republic, the short-live ...

Including:

• Wallace fountain - Background
• Wallace fountain - Sir Richard Wallace
• Wallace fountain - Why fountains?
• Wallace fountain - Conception
• Wallace fountain - Sculptor
• Wallace fountain - Different models
• Wallace fountain - Large model
• Wallace fountain - Applied model
• Wallace fountain - Small model
• Wallace fountain - Colonnaded model
• Wallace fountain - Where to place them?
• Wallace fountain - Wallace fountains
• Wallace fountain - Today
• Wallace fountain - Locations
• Wallace fountain - Paris
• Wallace fountain - Outside of Paris

Read more here: » Wallace fountain: Encyclopedia - Wallace fountain

Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet (June 10, 1819 – December 31, 1877) was a French painter. Gustave Courbet - Realism. Best known as an innovator in Realism (and credited with coining the term), and a landscape and seascape painter, his scenes are not romantic or idealized as was customary style at the time. Rather, he portrayed dynamic scenery, subject to continuous and progressive change. Courbet believed the Realist artist's mission was the pursuit of truth which would help erase social contradictions and ...

Including:

• Gustave Courbet - Realism
• Gustave Courbet - Burial at Ornans
• Gustave Courbet - Notoriety

Read more here: » Gustave Courbet: Encyclopedia - Gustave Courbet

Universal suffrage (also general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of suffrage, or the right to vote, to all adults, without distinction as to race, sex, belief, or social status. In the first modern democracies only a limited number of people had a say in the running of the government - for example in Britain only landowners had the right to vote from 1265. In all modern democracies the number of people who could vote increased gradually with time. The 19th century featured movements advocati ...

Including:

• Universal suffrage - Universal suffrage in the world

Read more here: » Universal suffrage: Encyclopedia - Universal suffrage

2 Population sans doubles comptes, i.e. not counting those people already counted in another commune (such as students and military personal). Versailles /vɛʁsaj/, formerly the capital city of the kingdom of France, is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and is still an important administrative and judicial center. The city (commune) of Versailles, located in the western suburbs of Paris, 17.1 km. (10.6 miles) from the center of Paris, is the préfectureIncluding:

• Versailles - A seat of power
• Versailles - Geography
• Versailles - History

Read more here: » Versailles: Encyclopedia - Versailles