Parameswara

Achyuta Pisharati (1550–1621) was a renowned Sanskrit grammarian, astrologer and mathematician of his time. He was a student of Jyestadeva and a member of Madhava of Sangamagrama's Kerala school. He is remembered mostly for his part in the composition of his student Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri's devotional poem, Narayaneeyam. Achyuta Pisharati - Works. He discovered the technique of 'the reduction of the ecliptic'. He authored Sphuta-nirnaya (sphuta roughly meaning < ...

Including:

• Achyuta Pisharati - Works
• Achyuta Pisharati - Narayaneeyam

Read more here: » Achyuta Pisharati: Encyclopedia - Achyuta Pisharati

He discovered the infinite series for arctan and sin and many methods for calculating the circumference of the circle. One of Madhava's series is known from the text Yuktibhasa which describes - The first term is the product of the given sine and radius of the desired arc divided by the cosine of the arc. The succeeding terms are obtained by a process of iteration when the first term is repeatedly multiplied by the square of the sine and divided by the square of the cosine. All the terms are then divided by the odd num ...

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Madhava of Sangamagrama, Madhava of Sangamagrama - Contributions, Madhava of Sangamagrama - Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics

Read more here: » Madhava of Sangamagrama: Encyclopedia II - Madhava of Sangamagrama - Contributions

Pisharati is known to have scolded and provoked an errant Narayana to take up the Brahmin's duties of prayer and religious practices. He accepted Narayana as his Grammar student. Later when Pisharoti was struck with paralysis (or rheumatism by another account), Narayana, unable to bear the pain of his dear guru, by way of Gurudakshina took the disease upon himself. As a result Pisharoti is said to have been cured, but no medicine could cure Narayana. As a last resort, Narayana went to the Lord of Guruvayur and requested Thunjat Ramanujan Ezh ...

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Achyuta Pisharati, Achyuta Pisharati - Works, Achyuta Pisharati - Narayaneeyam

Read more here: » Achyuta Pisharati: Encyclopedia II - Achyuta Pisharati - Narayaneeyam

Main article: Kerala school Madhava founded the Kerala school, which included as its prominent members Parameswara, Neelakanta Somayaji, Jyeshtadeva, Achyuta Pisharati, Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri and Achyuta Panikkar. It flourished between the 13th and 16th centuries and has its intellectual roots with Aryabhatta who lived in the 5th century. The lineage continues down to modern times but the original research seems to have ended with Narayana Bhattathiri. These astronomers, in attempting to solve problems, invented revolut ...

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Madhava of Sangamagrama, Madhava of Sangamagrama - Contributions, Madhava of Sangamagrama - Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics

Read more here: » Madhava of Sangamagrama: Encyclopedia II - Madhava of Sangamagrama - Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics

He discovered the technique of 'the reduction of the ecliptic'. He authored Sphuta-nirnaya (sphuta roughly meaning component parts<!not too sure!>, nirnaya meaning determining), Raasi-gola-sphuta-neeti (raasi meaning zodiac, gola meaning sphere and neeti roughly meaning rule), Karanottama (1593) and a 4 chapter treastise Uparagakriyakrama ...

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Achyuta Pisharati, Achyuta Pisharati - Works, Achyuta Pisharati - Narayaneeyam

Read more here: » Achyuta Pisharati: Encyclopedia II - Achyuta Pisharati - Works

Malacca (Jawi: ملاك; Malay: Melaka) (Malaysian state code : MK), (transport code : M), is the second smallest state in Malaysia, and is located in the southern part of the Malay Peninsula, on the Straits of Malacca. The state's capital is Malacca Town or Bandar Melaka. Although the first Malay sultanate started in Mealacca, the state has no Sultan today. Instead, the head of state is the Governor or Yang Di-Pertuan Negeri. Melaka - Geography. Malacca is ...

Including:

• Melaka - Geography
• Melaka - Demographics
• Melaka - History
• Melaka - Sultanate of Malacca
• Melaka - Colonization
• Melaka - State government
• Melaka - Culture and economy
• Melaka - Popular historical attractions
• Melaka - Transport

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Peranakan, Baba-Nyonya (峇峇娘惹) and Straits Chinese (土生華人; named after the Straits of Malacca) are terms used for the descendants of the early Chinese immigrants to the Nusantara region, including both the British Straits Settlements of Singapore, Malacca and Penang and the Dutch-controlled island of Java among other places, who have partially adopted Malay customs in an effort to be assimilated into the local communities. The word Peranakan is also used to describe Indonesian Chinese. In both Malay and Bahasa Indonesia 'Peranakan' means 'descendants'. Babas refer to ...

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• Peranakan - Language
• Peranakan - History
• Peranakan - Culture
• Peranakan - Books

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Srivijaya (200s-1400) was an ancient Malay kingdom on the island of Sumatra which influenced much of the Malay Archipelago. Records of its beginning are scarce while estimations range from the 200s to the 500s. The kingdom ceased to exist around 1400. In Sanskrit, sri means 'shining' or 'radiant' and vijaya means victory or excellence. Srivijaya - Formation and growth. Around year 500, Srivijayan roots begun to develop around present-day Palembang, Sumatra in Indonesia. Chinese records dated 6 ...

Including:

• Srivijaya - Formation and growth
• Srivijaya - Vajrayana Buddhism
• Srivijaya - Relationship with regional powers
• Srivijaya - Golden age
• Srivijaya - Decline

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1424 - Events. August 17 - Battle of Verneuil - An English force under John, Duke of Bedford defeats a larger French army under the Duke of Alençon, John Stuart, and Earl Archibald of Douglas. Alençon was captured and Douglas killed. 1424 - Births. October 31 - King Wladislaus III of Poland (died 1444) Demetrius Chalcondyles, Greek scholar (died 1511) Abu Sa'id, ruler of Persia and Afghanistan (died 1469) 1424 ...

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• 1424 - Events
• 1424 - Births
• 1424 - Deaths

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1344 - Events. English king Edward III introduces three new gold coins, the florin. leopard, and helm. Unfortunately the amount of gold in the coins does not match their value of six shillings, three shillings, and one shilling and sixpence, so they have to be withdrawn and mostly melted down by August of this year. 1344 - Births. Meinhard III, Count of Tyrol Parameswara, Malay Srivijayan prince (died 1424) 1344 - Deaths< ...

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• 1344 - Events
• 1344 - Births
• 1344 - Deaths

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By the time of the European Renaissance, the two largest islands in what is now Indonesia, Java and Sumatra had already seen over a millennia of civilization and two major empires. History of Indonesia - Kingdom of Mataram. For full coverage, see Kingdom of Mataram Mataram was an Indianized kingdom based in Central Java (the area surrounding modern-day Yogjakarta) between the 8th and 10th centuries CE. The centre of the kingdom was moved from Central Java to East Java by Mpu Sindok. The move may have been caus ...

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History of Indonesia, History of Indonesia - Prehistory, History of Indonesia - Early settlement, History of Indonesia - Pre-colonial civilizations, History of Indonesia - Kingdom of Mataram, History of Indonesia - Srivijaya Empire, History of Indonesia - Singhasari and the Majapahit Empire, History of Indonesia - Sultanate of Mataram, History of Indonesia - Colonial era, History of Indonesia - Dutch East-India Company, History of Indonesia - Dutch state rule, History of Indonesia - Early nationalist groups, History of Indonesia - World War II, History of Indonesia - Japanese occupation, History of Indonesia - Nationalist Revolution, History of Indonesia - Independence era, History of Indonesia - Guided Democracy, History of Indonesia - West Irian question, History of Indonesia - Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation, History of Indonesia - Civil War, History of Indonesia - New Order era, History of Indonesia - Act of Free Choice, History of Indonesia - Annexation of East Timor, History of Indonesia - Transmigration, History of Indonesia - Pro-democracy movement, History of Indonesia - Fiscal crisis, History of Indonesia - Reformation era, History of Indonesia - East Timorese Independence, History of Indonesia - Wahid administration, History of Indonesia - Megawati administration, History of Indonesia - Yudhoyono administration, History of Indonesia - References and further reading

Read more here: » History of Indonesia: Encyclopedia II - History of Indonesia - Pre-colonial civilizations

The Sultanate thrived on entrepôt trade and became the most important port in Southeast Asia during the 15th and the early 16th century. Furthermore, Malacca was as a major player in the spice trade, serving as a gateway between the Spice Islands and high-paying Eurasian markets. This is reflected by the Portuguese writer Duarte Barbosa who wrote "He who is lord of Malacca has his hand on the throat of Venice". One of the factors that contributed to the rise of Malacca was the monsoon winds that enabled Arab and Indian traders from t ...

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Sultanate of Malacca, Sultanate of Malacca - Establishment of Malacca, Sultanate of Malacca - Factors for growth, Sultanate of Malacca - Portuguese invasion and its effects

Read more here: » Sultanate of Malacca: Encyclopedia II - Sultanate of Malacca - Factors for growth

The history of the Malaysian area can be seen as four successive phases of outside influence, followed by the final assertion of Malay independence. The first phase saw the domination of Hindu culture imported from India, which reached its peak in the great Srivijaya civilisation based in Sumatra, which ruled most of the Malay world from the 7th to the 14th centuries. The second phase began with the arrival of Islam, which began in the 10th century, and led to the conversion of most of the Malay-Indonesian world and the ...

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History of Malaysia, History of Malaysia - Overview, History of Malaysia - Malaya under Indian influence, History of Malaysia - Melaka and Islamic Malaya, History of Malaysia - European domination, History of Malaysia - British Malaya, History of Malaysia - Multi-racial Malaya, History of Malaysia - War and Emergency, History of Malaysia - Towards Malaysia, History of Malaysia - Problems of independence, History of Malaysia - The crisis of 1969, History of Malaysia - Modern Malaysia

Read more here: » History of Malaysia: Encyclopedia II - History of Malaysia - Overview

Around year 500, Srivijayan roots begun to develop around present-day Palembang, Sumatra in Indonesia. Chinese records dated 600 mention two Sumatran kingdoms based in Jambi and Palembang as well as three other kingdoms on Java. Srivijaya was a coastal trading center and was a thalassocracy. As such, it did not extend its influence far beyond the coastal areas of the islands of Southeast Asia. The empire was organised in three main zones — the estuarine capital region centred on Palembang, the Musi River basin which served as hinter ...

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Srivijaya, Srivijaya - Formation and growth, Srivijaya - Vajrayana Buddhism, Srivijaya - Relationship with regional powers, Srivijaya - Golden age, Srivijaya - Decline

Read more here: » Srivijaya: Encyclopedia II - Srivijaya - Formation and growth

Immediately after independence, the tiny island nation of Singapore seemed extremely inadequate to survive by itself; much of the international media were sceptical of prospects for her survival. The pressing issues were unemployment, housing, education, lack of natural resources and lack of land. The unemployment rate, ranging between 10-12%, became an extremely thorny issue. The loss of access to the Malaysian hinterland and the lack of natural resources meant that Singapore had no solid traditional sources of income. A large portion of th ...

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History of Singapore, History of Singapore - Ancient times, History of Singapore - Founding of modern Singapore 1819, History of Singapore - Early growth 1819 – 1826, History of Singapore - The Straits Settlements 1826 – 1867, History of Singapore - Singapore as a Crown colony 1867 – 1941, History of Singapore - The Battle of Singapore and the Japanese Occupation 1942 – 1945, History of Singapore - Post-war period 1945 – 1955, History of Singapore - Self-government 1955 – 1963, History of Singapore - Merger with Malaysia 1963 – 1965, History of Singapore - Republic of Singapore 1965 – present, History of Singapore - Problems after independence, History of Singapore - Resolution, History of Singapore - Success and criticism

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Now a park overlooking Orchard Road and set in the heart of the Civic and Cultural District of Singapore, Fort Canning offers a variety of recreational activities, historical, educational, entertainment and cultural experiences. The park also serves as an important green lung for Singapore's downtown city area. The unique blend of historical relics, lush greenery and expansive lawns has made Fort Canning a hub of cultural and artistic activity. It has been a venue of choice for staging a myriad of outdoor events and activities like theatre c ...

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Fort Canning, Fort Canning - Early history, Fort Canning - Settlement and fortification, Fort Canning - Fort Canning today, Fort Canning - Highlights, Fort Canning - Gallery

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Melaka - Sultanate of Malacca. Malacca was founded by Parameswara, a Srivijayan prince who left Sumatra in 1396 in order to further his enmity with the Majapahit Empire. According to a popular legend, Parameswara was resting under a tree near a river while hunting, when one of his dogs cornered a mouse deer. In self-defence, the mouse deer pushed the dog into the river. Impressed by the courage of the deer, and taking it as a propitious omen of the weak overcoming the powerful, Parameswara decided on the spot to found an empire on the very place that he was sitting. He named it "Melaka" after the tree ...

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Melaka, Melaka - Geography, Melaka - Demographics, Melaka - History, Melaka - Sultanate of Malacca, Melaka - Colonization, Melaka - State government, Melaka - Culture and economy, Melaka - Popular historical attractions, Melaka - Transport

Read more here: » Melaka: Encyclopedia II - Melaka - History

In the 15th century, the city states of the Malay Peninsula often paid tribute to various kingdoms such as the kingdoms of China and Siam. Close relations with China were established in early 15th century, during the reign of Parameswara, when Zheng He visited Malacca. In return for such tribute, a princess of China, Hang Li Po was presented as a gift to Sultan Mansur Shah, the Sultan of Malacca, at that time (+/-1459 AD). The royalty and servants who accompanied the princess initially settled in Bukit Cina and eventually grew into a class o ...

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Peranakan, Peranakan - Language, Peranakan - History, Peranakan - Culture, Peranakan - Books

Read more here: » Peranakan: Encyclopedia II - Peranakan - History

Melaka - Sultanate of Malacca. Malacca was founded by Parameswara, a Srivijayan prince who left Sumatra in 1396 in order to further his enmity with the Majapahit Empire. According to a popular legend, Parameswara was resting under a tree near a river while hunting, when one of his dogs cornered a mouse deer. In self-defence, the mouse deer pushed the dog into the river. Impressed by the courage of the deer, and taking it as a propitious omen of the weak overcoming the powerful, Parameswara decided on the spot to found an empire on the very ...

See also:

Melaka, Melaka - Geography, Melaka - Demographics, Melaka - History, Melaka - Sultanate of Malacca, Melaka - Colonization, Melaka - State government, Melaka - Culture and economy, Melaka - Popular historical attractions, Melaka - Transport

Read more here: » Melaka: Encyclopedia II - Melaka - History

Historical and cultural items from the Baba culture are displayed in cultural establishments on Heereen Street and Jonker Street in Malacca and in Penang in Malaysia, and at the Peranakan Museum in Singapore. There one can find museums displaying furnitures, foodwares, and even traditional clothes of the Baba and Nonya. There are also a small number of "Nyonya" restaurants in Singapore, Penang, Malacca, and the West. The Peranakans were partially assimilated into the Malay culture (especially in food, dress, and language), while retai ...

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Peranakan, Peranakan - Language, Peranakan - History, Peranakan - Culture, Peranakan - Books

Read more here: » Peranakan: Encyclopedia II - Peranakan - Culture