The books that make up The Chronicles of Narnia are presented below in the order in which they were originally published (see reading order below). They are by far the most popular of C.S. Lewis' works having sold more than 95 million copies in 41 languages. (Guthmann 2005) The Chronicles of Narnia - The Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe. Published in 1950, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe presents the story of four ordinary children, Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy Pevensie, who find their way into the magical land of Narnia where they meet the great lion Aslan and take ...

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The Chronicles of Narnia, The Chronicles of Narnia - The books, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe, The Chronicles of Narnia - Prince Caspian, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Silver Chair, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Horse and His Boy, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Magician's Nephew, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Last Battle, The Chronicles of Narnia - Reading order, The Chronicles of Narnia - Christian parallels, The Chronicles of Narnia - Pagan influences, The Chronicles of Narnia - Influences on Narnia, The Chronicles of Narnia - Writing, The Chronicles of Narnia - Name, The Chronicles of Narnia - Narnia's influence on others, The Chronicles of Narnia - Influence on authors, The Chronicles of Narnia - Influence on popular culture, The Chronicles of Narnia - Criticism, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Narnia universe, The Chronicles of Narnia - Narnia in other media, The Chronicles of Narnia - Television, The Chronicles of Narnia - Radio, The Chronicles of Narnia - Stage, The Chronicles of Narnia - Cinema, The Chronicles of Narnia - Music

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Fans of the series often have strong opinions over the correct ordering of the books. When the books were originally published, they were not numbered. The first American publisher, Macmillan, put numbers on the books in the order in which they were published. When HarperCollins took over the series, the books were renumbered using the internal chronological order, as suggested by Lewis's stepson, Douglas Gresham. Gresham quoted Lewis's reply to a letter from an American fan in 1957 who was having an argument with his mother ab ...

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The Chronicles of Narnia, The Chronicles of Narnia - The books, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe, The Chronicles of Narnia - Prince Caspian, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Silver Chair, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Horse and His Boy, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Magician's Nephew, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Last Battle, The Chronicles of Narnia - Reading order, The Chronicles of Narnia - Christian parallels, The Chronicles of Narnia - Pagan influences, The Chronicles of Narnia - Influences on Narnia, The Chronicles of Narnia - Writing, The Chronicles of Narnia - Name, The Chronicles of Narnia - Narnia's influence on others, The Chronicles of Narnia - Influence on authors, The Chronicles of Narnia - Influence on popular culture, The Chronicles of Narnia - Criticism, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Narnia universe, The Chronicles of Narnia - Narnia in other media, The Chronicles of Narnia - Television, The Chronicles of Narnia - Radio, The Chronicles of Narnia - Stage, The Chronicles of Narnia - Cinema, The Chronicles of Narnia - Music

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The Chronicles of Narnia - Writing. Lewis' early life has echoes within the Chronicles. Born in Belfast, Ireland in 1898, Lewis' family moved to a large house in the country when he was seven. The house contained long hallways and empty rooms, and Lewis and his brother invented make-believe worlds while exploring their home. Like Caspian and Tirian, Lewis lost his mother at an early age, and like Edmund, Jill and Eustace, he spent a long, miserable time in English boarding schools. During World War II, many children were evacuated from London because of air raids. Some of thes ...

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The Chronicles of Narnia, The Chronicles of Narnia - The books, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe, The Chronicles of Narnia - Prince Caspian, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Silver Chair, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Horse and His Boy, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Magician's Nephew, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Last Battle, The Chronicles of Narnia - Reading order, The Chronicles of Narnia - Christian parallels, The Chronicles of Narnia - Pagan influences, The Chronicles of Narnia - Influences on Narnia, The Chronicles of Narnia - Writing, The Chronicles of Narnia - Name, The Chronicles of Narnia - Narnia's influence on others, The Chronicles of Narnia - Influence on authors, The Chronicles of Narnia - Influence on popular culture, The Chronicles of Narnia - Criticism, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Narnia universe, The Chronicles of Narnia - Narnia in other media, The Chronicles of Narnia - Television, The Chronicles of Narnia - Radio, The Chronicles of Narnia - Stage, The Chronicles of Narnia - Cinema, The Chronicles of Narnia - Music

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C.S. Lewis and the Chronicles of Narnia series have received various criticisms over the years, much of it by fellow authors. Allegations of sexism centre around the description of Susan Pevensie in The Last Battle. Lewis characterizes Susan as being "no longer a friend of Narnia" and interested "in nothing nowadays except lipstick, nylons and invitations". J.K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter series, has said: "There comes a point where Susan, who was the older girl, is lost to Narnia because she becomes interested in lipstick. She's become irreligious basically because she found sex, I hav ...

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The Chronicles of Narnia, The Chronicles of Narnia - The books, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe, The Chronicles of Narnia - Prince Caspian, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Silver Chair, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Horse and His Boy, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Magician's Nephew, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Last Battle, The Chronicles of Narnia - Reading order, The Chronicles of Narnia - Christian parallels, The Chronicles of Narnia - Pagan influences, The Chronicles of Narnia - Influences on Narnia, The Chronicles of Narnia - Writing, The Chronicles of Narnia - Name, The Chronicles of Narnia - Narnia's influence on others, The Chronicles of Narnia - Influence on authors, The Chronicles of Narnia - Influence on popular culture, The Chronicles of Narnia - Criticism, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Narnia universe, The Chronicles of Narnia - Narnia in other media, The Chronicles of Narnia - Television, The Chronicles of Narnia - Radio, The Chronicles of Narnia - Stage, The Chronicles of Narnia - Cinema, The Chronicles of Narnia - Music

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There are many Christians who feel that the Chronicles of Narnia promotes soft sell paganism and occultism, because of the recurring pagan themes and the heretical depictions of Christ as an anthropomorphic lion. Satyrs, fauns, centaurs, dwarves, werewolves, giants and even the pagan god Bacchus and the Maenads are depicted in a positive light, when they are distinctly pagan motifs. Even an animistic "River God" is portrayed in a positive light. (Chattaway 2005), (Berit 2005) According to Josh Hurst from Christianity Today, "not on ...

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The Chronicles of Narnia, The Chronicles of Narnia - The books, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe, The Chronicles of Narnia - Prince Caspian, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Silver Chair, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Horse and His Boy, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Magician's Nephew, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Last Battle, The Chronicles of Narnia - Reading order, The Chronicles of Narnia - Christian parallels, The Chronicles of Narnia - Pagan influences, The Chronicles of Narnia - Influences on Narnia, The Chronicles of Narnia - Writing, The Chronicles of Narnia - Name, The Chronicles of Narnia - Narnia's influence on others, The Chronicles of Narnia - Influence on authors, The Chronicles of Narnia - Influence on popular culture, The Chronicles of Narnia - Criticism, The Chronicles of Narnia - The Narnia universe, The Chronicles of Narnia - Narnia in other media, The Chronicles of Narnia - Television, The Chronicles of Narnia - Radio, The Chronicles of Narnia - Stage, The Chronicles of Narnia - Cinema, The Chronicles of Narnia - Music

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Mostly Harmless picks up the story of Arthur Dent some time after the events in So Long, and Thanks For All the Fish. Fenchurch, Arthur's love interest in the previous book, does not appear since she has completely disappeared from the face of the universe, a hyperspace travel casualty. Zaphod Beeblebrox, already absent from the last book, does not appear either. The plot revolves around the concept of parallel universes (though according to the novel, they're not really parallel universes at all but only a model to capt ...

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Mostly Harmless, Mostly Harmless - Title, Mostly Harmless - Plot, Mostly Harmless - Adams on Mostly Harmless, Mostly Harmless - Radio

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In universities in the United Kingdom the Dean is the head of a faculty, a collection of related academic departments. Examples include Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities. Durham University also has a Dean of Colleges, who is chosen from the various College Principals and Masters and takes a parallel role to the Faculty Deans in university-wide debate. In collegiate universities such as Cambridge, each college may have a Dean who is in charge of discipline. An interview with the Dean as a resu ...

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Dean education, Dean education - United States of America, Dean education - United Kingdom, Dean education - Canada

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In universities in the United Kingdom the Dean is the head of a faculty, a collection of related academic departments. Examples include Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities. Durham University also has a Dean of Colleges, who is chosen from the various College Principals and Masters and takes a parallel role to the Faculty Deans in university-wide debate. In collegiate universities such as Cambridge, each college may have a Dean who is in charge of discipline. An interview with the Dean as a resu ...

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Dean education, Dean education - United States of America, Dean education - United Kingdom

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Bits have to be moved from one place to another using wires or some other medium. Over many miles, the expense of the wires becomes large. To reduce the expense of long communication links carrying several bits in parallel, data bits are sent sequentially, one after another, using a UART to convert the transmitted bits between sequential and parallel form at each end of the link. Each UART contains a shift register which is t ...

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Universal asynchronous receiver transmitter, Universal asynchronous receiver transmitter - Basics, Universal asynchronous receiver transmitter - Error conditions, Universal asynchronous receiver transmitter - Overrun Error, Universal asynchronous receiver transmitter - Framing Error, Universal asynchronous receiver transmitter - Parity Error, Universal asynchronous receiver transmitter - Synchronous, Universal asynchronous receiver transmitter - History

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The group is often wrongly presented in the media as a kind of British Ivy League. In fact, there is no obvious US parallel to the Russell Group. Unlike the Russell Group of universities, most of America's best universities are privately funded; as a result, these institutions do not have the same interest in forming a lobby group as UK universities, which are all state-funded, with the exception of the University of Buckingham. The Russell Group's purpose is to represent the views of their institutions (especially in lobbying governm ...

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Russell Group, Russell Group - Introduction, Russell Group - Research funding, Russell Group - The members

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The translation process, whether for translation, can be stated simply as: Decoding the meaning of the source text, and Re-encoding this meaning in the target language. Behind this simple procedure there lies a complex cognitive operation. For example, to decode the meaning of the source text in its entirety, the translator must interpret and analyse all the features of the text, a process which requires in-depth knowledge of both the grammar, semantics, syntax, idioms and the like of the source language, as well as the culture of its speakers. The translator needs the same in-depth knowle ...

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Machine translation, Machine translation - Introduction, Machine translation - Approaches, Machine translation - History, Machine translation - Users, Machine translation - Evaluation, Machine translation - Machine translation vs. computer-assisted translation, Machine translation - Free and open source software, Machine translation - Commercial software

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Although the two concepts are similar, machine translation (MT) should not be confused with computer-assisted translation (CAT) (also known as machine-assisted translation (MAT)). In machine translation, the translator supports the machine, that is to say that the computer or program translates the text, which is then edited by the translator, whereas in computer-assisted translation, the computer program supports ...

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Machine translation, Machine translation - Introduction, Machine translation - Approaches, Machine translation - History, Machine translation - Users, Machine translation - Evaluation, Machine translation - Machine translation vs. computer-assisted translation, Machine translation - Free and open source software, Machine translation - Commercial software

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Multiverse - Classification. According to Max Tegmark, the existence of other universes are a direct implication of cosmological observations. In an article entitled "Parallel Universes" in the May 2003 issue of Scientific American, he presents a clear and comprehensive picture of the idea of parallel universes. Tegmark describes the set of related concepts which share the notion that there are universes beyond the familiar observable one. He goes on t ...

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Multiverse, Multiverse - Multiverse hypotheses in physics, Multiverse - Classification, Multiverse - Open multiverse, Multiverse - Bubble Theory, Multiverse - Big bounce, Multiverse - Many world interpretation of quantum physics, Multiverse - M-theory, Multiverse - String Landscape, Multiverse - Arguments against multiverse theories, Multiverse - Multiverse hypotheses in philosophy, Multiverse - Anthropic principle, Multiverse - Modal realism, Multiverse - Trans-world identity issues, Multiverse - Fictional multiverses

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The idea derives from a variant of the quantum suicide thought experiment. Imagine that a physicist detonates a nuclear bomb located beside him. In almost all parallel universes, the nuclear explosion will vaporize the physicist. However, there should be a small set of alternative universes in which the physicist somehow survives (ie. the set of universes which support a "miraculous" survival scenario). The idea behind quantum immortality is that the physicist will remain alive in, and thus able to experience, at least one of the universes i ...

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Quantum immortality, Quantum immortality - Overview, Quantum immortality - Fictional depictions

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The term rōnin is also used in modern Japan for those who have failed the college (or university, high school, etc.) entrance exam. These modern day ronin often have to attend cram school in order to gain a passing mark in the future. This use probably derives from the analogy that they have no school to attend, as a ronin samurai has no leader to serve. There is also a parallel to the shame of the original ronin, in failing to pass the exam, as well as a darker parallel - the suicide rates of modern-day ronin are signi ...

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Ronin, Ronin - Ronin fiction, Ronin - Ronin as metaphor, Ronin - Others

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Machine translation can use a method based on linguistic rules, which means that words will be translated in a linguistic way — the most suitable (orally speaking) words of the target language will replace the ones in the source language. It is often argued that the success of machine translation requires the problem of natural language understanding to be solved first. A number of heuristic methods of machine translation are also used for machine translation, including: Rule-based methods: Lexical looku ...

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Machine translation, Machine translation - Introduction, Machine translation - Approaches, Machine translation - History, Machine translation - Users, Machine translation - Evaluation, Machine translation - Machine translation vs. computer-assisted translation, Machine translation - Free and open source software, Machine translation - Commercial software

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The first attempts at machine translation were conducted after World War II. It was assumed at this time that the newly invented computers would have no trouble in translating texts. The logic was that computers were able to do complex mathematics quickly, something that humans did with more difficulty. On the other hand, even young children were able to learn to understand human language, therefore computers could do the same. In actual fa ...

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Machine translation, Machine translation - Introduction, Machine translation - Approaches, Machine translation - History, Machine translation - Users, Machine translation - Evaluation, Machine translation - Machine translation vs. computer-assisted translation, Machine translation - Free and open source software, Machine translation - Commercial software

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Despite their inherent limitations, MT programs are currently used by various organisations around the world. Probably the largest institutional user is the European Commission, which uses a highly customised version of the commercial MT system SYSTRAN to handle the automatic translation of a large volume of preliminary drafts of documents for internal use. A Danish translation agency, Lingtech A/S, has been translating patent applications from English to Danish since 1993 using a proprietary rule-based machine translation system, PaT ...

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Machine translation, Machine translation - Introduction, Machine translation - Approaches, Machine translation - History, Machine translation - Users, Machine translation - Evaluation, Machine translation - Machine translation vs. computer-assisted translation, Machine translation - Free and open source software, Machine translation - Commercial software

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Perhaps the most famous and typical example of the paradox is the first Back to the Future film: Marty McFly travels to 1955 and accidentally prevents the first meeting of his parents. While trying to find out a way to return to his own year, he observes that his siblings begin to fade out from a picture he was carrying with him since he averted their own birth. Towards the end of the film, he started to fade from reality as well, unless he manages to make his parents fall in love 'again'. See also:

Grandfather paradox, Grandfather paradox - Scientific theories, Grandfather paradox - Complementary time travel, Grandfather paradox - Novikov self-consistency principle, Grandfather paradox - Theories in science fiction, Grandfather paradox - Parallel universes resolution, Grandfather paradox - Relative timelines resolution, Grandfather paradox - Restricted action resolution, Grandfather paradox - Destruction resolution, Grandfather paradox - Other considerations

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Avaiable documentation on Stream processing is very scarce as this is written (September 12, 2005), only few, specialized institutions seems to have understood the implied power of the model. The Stanford University has been historically involved in a variety of projects on this, beginning from the Stanford Shading language and deploying a flexible, stand-alone stream processor called Imagine. Both those projects revealed the paradigm has a great potential so a much larger scale project has been started. With the name of Merrimac, a Stream-b ...

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Stream processing, Stream processing - Comparison with previous parallel paradigms, Stream processing - Conventional sequential paradigm, Stream processing - Parallel SIMD paradigm packed registers SWAR, Stream processing - Parallel Stream paradigm SIMD/MIMD, Stream processing - Stream processing considerations, Stream processing - Data dependancies and parallelism, Stream processing - Programming model notes, Stream processing - Generic processor architecture, Stream processing - Hardware-in-the-loop issues, Stream processing - Interesting Stream Processors

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Avaiable documentation on Stream processing is very scarce as this is written (September 12, 2005), only few, specialized institutions seems to have understood the implied power of the model. The Stanford University has been historically involved in a variety of projects on this, beginning from the Stanford Shading language and deploying a flexible, stand-alone stream processor called Imagine. Both those projects revealed the paradigm has a great potential so a much larger scale project has been started. With the name of Merrimac, a Stream-b ...

See also:

Stream processing, Stream processing - Comparison with previous parallel paradigms, Stream processing - Conventional sequential paradigm, Stream processing - Parallel SIMD paradigm packed registers SWAR, Stream processing - Parallel Stream paradigm SIMD/MIMD, Stream processing - Stream processing considerations, Stream processing - Data dependencies and parallelism, Stream processing - Programming model notes, Stream processing - Generic processor architecture, Stream processing - Hardware-in-the-loop issues, Stream processing - Interesting Stream Processors

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Virtual machine - Original meaning. The original meaning of virtual machine is the creation of a number of different identical execution environments on a single computer, each of which exactly emulates the host computer. This provides each user with the illusion of having an entire computer, but one that is their "private" machine, isolated from other users, all on a single physical machine. The host software which provides this capability is often referred to as a virtual machine monitor or hypervisor. Virtua ...

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Virtual machine, Virtual machine - Definitions, Virtual machine - Original meaning, Virtual machine - Application virtual machine, Virtual machine - Operating system virtual machine, Virtual machine - Parallel virtual machine, Virtual machine - Techniques, Virtual machine - Emulation of the underlying raw hardware, Virtual machine - Emulation of a non-native system, Virtual machine - List of virtual machine software

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