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paraffin | A Wisdom Archive on paraffin |  | paraffin A selection of articles related to paraffin |  |
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paraffin, Paraffin, Paraffin - Physical and chemical properties, Paraffin - Uses, paraffin oil, mineral oil
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO paraffin |  |  |  | paraffin: Encyclopedia II - Gas turbine - Advances in technologyGas turbine technology has steadily advanced since its inception and continues to evolve; research is active in producing ever smaller gas turbines. Computer design, specifically CFD and finite element analysis along with material advances, has allowed higher compression ratios and temperatures, more efficient combustion, better cooling of engine parts and reduced emissions. Additionally, compliant foil bearings were commercially introduced to gas turbines in the 1990s. They can withstand over a hundred thousand start/ ...
See also:Gas turbine, Gas turbine - Theory of operation, Gas turbine - Jet engines, Gas turbine - Gas turbines for electrical power production, Gas turbine - Micro turbines, Gas turbine - Auxiliary power units, Gas turbine - Gas turbines in vehicles, Gas turbine - Naval use, Gas turbine - Amateur gas turbines, Gas turbine - Advances in technology Read more here: » Gas turbine: Encyclopedia II - Gas turbine - Advances in technology |
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|  |  |  | paraffin: Encyclopedia II - Neutron - PropertiesOutside the nucleus, neutrons are unstable and have a mean lifetime of 886 seconds (about 15 minutes, uncertainty about 2 s [1]), decaying by emitting an electron and antineutrino to become a proton. Neutrons in this unstable form are known as free neutrons. The same decay method (beta decay) occurs in some nuclei. Particles inside the nucleus are typically resonances between neutrons and protons, which transform into one another by the emission and absorption of pions. A neutron is classified as a baryon, and consists of two down quarks and one up quark. The neutron's ant ...
See also:Neutron, Neutron - Properties, Neutron - Neutron Interactions, Neutron - Neutron Detection, Neutron - Neutron Uses, Neutron - Neutron Sources, Neutron - Discovery, Neutron - Current developments, Neutron - Antineutron, Neutron - Fields concerning neutrons, Neutron - Types of neutrons, Neutron - Objects containing neutrons, Neutron - Neutron sources, Neutron - Processes involving neutrons Read more here: » Neutron: Encyclopedia II - Neutron - Properties |
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|  |  |  | paraffin: Encyclopedia II - Neutron - Neutron SourcesDue to the fact that free neutrons are unstable, they (neutron radiation) can be obtained only from nuclear disintegrations, nuclear reactions, and high-energy reactions (such as in cosmic radiation showers or accelerator collisions). Free neutron beams are obtained from neutron sources by neutron transport. For access to intense neutron sources, researchers must go to specialist facilties, such as the ISIS facility in the UK, which is currently the world's m ...
See also:Neutron, Neutron - Properties, Neutron - Neutron Interactions, Neutron - Neutron Detection, Neutron - Neutron Uses, Neutron - Neutron Sources, Neutron - Discovery, Neutron - Current developments, Neutron - Antineutron, Neutron - Fields concerning neutrons, Neutron - Types of neutrons, Neutron - Objects containing neutrons, Neutron - Neutron sources, Neutron - Processes involving neutrons Read more here: » Neutron: Encyclopedia II - Neutron - Neutron Sources |
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|  |  |  | paraffin: Encyclopedia II - Neutron - Neutron UsesThe neutron plays an important role in many nuclear reactions. For example, neutron capture often results in neutron activation, inducing radioactivity. In particular, knowledge of neutrons and their behavior has been important in the development of nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons.
The development of "neutron lenses" based on total internal reflection within hollow glass capillary tubes or by reflection from dimpled aluminum plates has driven ongoing research into neutron micr ...
See also:Neutron, Neutron - Properties, Neutron - Neutron Interactions, Neutron - Neutron Detection, Neutron - Neutron Uses, Neutron - Neutron Sources, Neutron - Discovery, Neutron - Current developments, Neutron - Antineutron, Neutron - Fields concerning neutrons, Neutron - Types of neutrons, Neutron - Objects containing neutrons, Neutron - Neutron sources, Neutron - Processes involving neutrons Read more here: » Neutron: Encyclopedia II - Neutron - Neutron Uses |
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|  |  |  | paraffin: Encyclopedia II - Neutron - Neutron DetectionThe common means of detecting a charged particle by looking for a track of ionization does not work for neutrons directly. Neutrons that elastically scatter off of another atom can create an ionization track that is detectable, but the experiments are not as simple to carry out and other means for detecting neutrons, consisting of allowing them to interact with atomic nuclei, are more commonly used.
A common method for detecting neutrons involves converting the energy released from such reactions into electrical signals. The nuclides ...
See also:Neutron, Neutron - Properties, Neutron - Neutron Interactions, Neutron - Neutron Detection, Neutron - Neutron Uses, Neutron - Neutron Sources, Neutron - Discovery, Neutron - Current developments, Neutron - Antineutron, Neutron - Fields concerning neutrons, Neutron - Types of neutrons, Neutron - Objects containing neutrons, Neutron - Neutron sources, Neutron - Processes involving neutrons Read more here: » Neutron: Encyclopedia II - Neutron - Neutron Detection |
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|  |  |  | paraffin: Encyclopedia II - List of rail accidents - 1990s
List of rail accidents - 1990.
January 4, 1990 – An overcrowded passenger train collides with a standing freight train in the Sindh province, Pakistan. Over 210 killed.
April 16, 1990 – Two local passenger trains collide at Lysaker, Oslo, Norway. 5 killed.
June 6, 1990 – Cowan rail crash, Cowan, New South Wales, Australia: a special passenger train failed while attempting to climb the steep gra ...
See also:List of rail accidents, List of rail accidents - 1830s, List of rail accidents - 1840s, List of rail accidents - 1850s, List of rail accidents - 1860s, List of rail accidents - 1870s, List of rail accidents - 1880s, List of rail accidents - 1890s, List of rail accidents - 1900s, List of rail accidents - 1910s, List of rail accidents - 1920s, List of rail accidents - 1930s, List of rail accidents - 1940s, List of rail accidents - 1950s, List of rail accidents - 1960s, List of rail accidents - 1970s, List of rail accidents - 1980s, List of rail accidents - 1980, List of rail accidents - 1981, List of rail accidents - 1985, List of rail accidents - 1986, List of rail accidents - 1987, List of rail accidents - 1988, List of rail accidents - 1989, List of rail accidents - 1990s, List of rail accidents - 1990, List of rail accidents - 1991, List of rail accidents - 1992, List of rail accidents - 1993, List of rail accidents - 1994, List of rail accidents - 1995, List of rail accidents - 1996, List of rail accidents - 1997, List of rail accidents - 1998, List of rail accidents - 1999, List of rail accidents - 2000s, List of rail accidents - 2000, List of rail accidents - 2001, List of rail accidents - 2002, List of rail accidents - 2003, List of rail accidents - 2004, List of rail accidents - 2005 Read more here: » List of rail accidents: Encyclopedia II - List of rail accidents - 1990s |
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|  |  |  | paraffin: Encyclopedia II - List of rail accidents - 1980s
List of rail accidents - 1980.
July 25, 1980 – Winsum, the Netherlands: Two trains collide on a single track between Groningen and Roodeschool resulting in 9 deaths and 21 injured.
August 1, 1980 – Buttevant, County Cork, Ireland: A train crashes into a siding at 70mph on the main Dublin - Cork line resulting in 18 deaths and 62 injured. This remains Ireland's worst transportation disaster.
List of rail accidents - 1981.
June 6, 1981 – Bihar train disaster, India: Hundreds are killed ( ...
See also:List of rail accidents, List of rail accidents - 1830s, List of rail accidents - 1840s, List of rail accidents - 1850s, List of rail accidents - 1860s, List of rail accidents - 1870s, List of rail accidents - 1880s, List of rail accidents - 1890s, List of rail accidents - 1900s, List of rail accidents - 1910s, List of rail accidents - 1920s, List of rail accidents - 1930s, List of rail accidents - 1940s, List of rail accidents - 1950s, List of rail accidents - 1960s, List of rail accidents - 1970s, List of rail accidents - 1980s, List of rail accidents - 1980, List of rail accidents - 1981, List of rail accidents - 1985, List of rail accidents - 1986, List of rail accidents - 1987, List of rail accidents - 1988, List of rail accidents - 1989, List of rail accidents - 1990s, List of rail accidents - 1990, List of rail accidents - 1991, List of rail accidents - 1992, List of rail accidents - 1993, List of rail accidents - 1994, List of rail accidents - 1995, List of rail accidents - 1996, List of rail accidents - 1997, List of rail accidents - 1998, List of rail accidents - 1999, List of rail accidents - 2000s, List of rail accidents - 2000, List of rail accidents - 2001, List of rail accidents - 2002, List of rail accidents - 2003, List of rail accidents - 2004, List of rail accidents - 2005 Read more here: » List of rail accidents: Encyclopedia II - List of rail accidents - 1980s |
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|  |  |  | paraffin: Encyclopedia II - Helicopter - StabilityFixed wing aircraft are designed to be inherently stable. If a gust of wind or a nudge to one of the controls causes a fixed wing aircraft to pitch, roll, or yaw, the aerodynamic design of the aircraft will tend to correct the motion, and the aircraft will return to its original attitude. A small, fixed wing aircraft can be stable enough that a pilot can let go of the controls while looking at a map or dealing with a radio, and ...
See also:Helicopter, Helicopter - Applications, Helicopter - History, Helicopter - Generating lift, Helicopter - Conventional layout, Helicopter - Alternative layouts, Helicopter - Controlling flight, Helicopter - Stability, Helicopter - Limitations, Helicopter - Landing, Helicopter - On a ship, Helicopter - Hazards of helicopter flight, Helicopter - Helicopter models and identification Read more here: » Helicopter: Encyclopedia II - Helicopter - Stability |
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|  |  |  | paraffin: Encyclopedia II - Helicopter - Controlling flightUseful flight requires that an aircraft be controlled in all three dimensions (see flight dynamics). In a fixed-wing aircraft, this is easy: small movable surfaces are adjusted to change the aircraft's shape so that the air rushing past pushes it in the desired direction. In a helicopter, however, there often isn't enough airspeed for this method to be practical.
For rotation about the vertical axis (yaw) the anti-torque system is used. Varying the pitch of the tail rotor alters the sideways thrust produced. Dual-rotor helicopters hav ...
See also:Helicopter, Helicopter - Applications, Helicopter - History, Helicopter - Generating lift, Helicopter - Conventional layout, Helicopter - Alternative layouts, Helicopter - Controlling flight, Helicopter - Stability, Helicopter - Limitations, Helicopter - Landing, Helicopter - On a ship, Helicopter - Hazards of helicopter flight, Helicopter - Helicopter models and identification Read more here: » Helicopter: Encyclopedia II - Helicopter - Controlling flight |
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|  |  |  | paraffin: Encyclopedia II - Helicopter - HistorySince around 400 BC the Chinese had a flying top that was used as a children's toy. This toy eventually made its way to Europe via trade and has been depicted in a 1463 European painting. "Pao Phu Tau" was a 4th century book in China that described some of the ideas in a rotary wing aircraft.
The first somewhat practical idea of a human carrying helicopter was first conceived by Leonardo da Vinci around 1490, but it was not until after the invention of the powered aeroplane in the 20th century that actual models were produced. Develop ...
See also:Helicopter, Helicopter - Applications, Helicopter - History, Helicopter - Generating lift, Helicopter - Conventional layout, Helicopter - Alternative layouts, Helicopter - Controlling flight, Helicopter - Stability, Helicopter - Limitations, Helicopter - Landing, Helicopter - On a ship, Helicopter - Hazards of helicopter flight, Helicopter - Helicopter models and identification Read more here: » Helicopter: Encyclopedia II - Helicopter - History |
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|  |  |  | paraffin: Encyclopedia II - Helicopter - LimitationsThe single most obvious limitation of the helicopter is its slow speed. The current record is around 400 km/h set by the Westland Lynx. There are several reasons why a helicopter cannot fly as fast as a fixed wing aircraft.
When the helicopter is at rest, the outer tips of the rotor travel at a speed determined by the length of the blade and the RPM. In a moving helicopter, however, the speed of the blades relative to the air depends on the speed of the helicopter as well as on their rotational velocity. The airspeed of the forw ...
See also:Helicopter, Helicopter - Applications, Helicopter - History, Helicopter - Generating lift, Helicopter - Conventional layout, Helicopter - Alternative layouts, Helicopter - Controlling flight, Helicopter - Stability, Helicopter - Limitations, Helicopter - Landing, Helicopter - On a ship, Helicopter - Hazards of helicopter flight, Helicopter - Helicopter models and identification Read more here: » Helicopter: Encyclopedia II - Helicopter - Limitations |
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|  |  |  | paraffin: Encyclopedia II - Helicopter - Landing
Helicopter - On a ship.
A helicopter deck (or helo deck) is a helicopter pad on the deck of a ship, usually located on the stern and always clear of obstacles that would prove hazardous to a helicopter landing. In the U.S. Navy it is commonly and properly referred to as the flight deck. In the Royal Navy, landing on is usually achieved by lining up slightly astern and on the port quarter, as the ship steams into the wind and the aircraft ca ...
See also:Helicopter, Helicopter - Applications, Helicopter - History, Helicopter - Generating lift, Helicopter - Conventional layout, Helicopter - Alternative layouts, Helicopter - Controlling flight, Helicopter - Stability, Helicopter - Limitations, Helicopter - Landing, Helicopter - On a ship, Helicopter - Hazards of helicopter flight, Helicopter - Helicopter models and identification Read more here: » Helicopter: Encyclopedia II - Helicopter - Landing |
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|  |  |  | paraffin: Encyclopedia II - Helicopter - Helicopter models and identificationIn identifying conventional helicopters during flight it is helpful to know that when viewed from below, the rotor of a French, Russian, Soviet or Ukrainian designed helicopter rotates counter-clockwise, whilst that of a helicopter built in Italy, the UK or the USA rotates clockwise.
Further information: List of helicopter models
Some companies, notably Schweizer Aircraft Corporation in the USA, are developing remotely-controlled variants of light helicopters for use in future battlefields. Rotomotion is currently selling a line of small (less ...
See also:Helicopter, Helicopter - Applications, Helicopter - History, Helicopter - Generating lift, Helicopter - Conventional layout, Helicopter - Alternative layouts, Helicopter - Controlling flight, Helicopter - Stability, Helicopter - Limitations, Helicopter - Landing, Helicopter - On a ship, Helicopter - Hazards of helicopter flight, Helicopter - Helicopter models and identification Read more here: » Helicopter: Encyclopedia II - Helicopter - Helicopter models and identification |
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|  |  |  | paraffin: Encyclopedia II - Helicopter - Hazards of helicopter flightAs with any moving vehicle, operation outside of safe regimes could result in loss of control, structural damage, or fatality. For helicopters the hazards are particularly acute since they are flying at relatively low altitude, with little time to react to a sudden event. The following is a list of some of the potential hazards:
Retreating blade stall
Settling with power
Ground resonance
Low-G condition
Operating within the shaded area of the height-velocity diagram
Vortex ring ...
See also:Helicopter, Helicopter - Applications, Helicopter - History, Helicopter - Generating lift, Helicopter - Conventional layout, Helicopter - Alternative layouts, Helicopter - Controlling flight, Helicopter - Stability, Helicopter - Limitations, Helicopter - Landing, Helicopter - On a ship, Helicopter - Hazards of helicopter flight, Helicopter - Helicopter models and identification Read more here: » Helicopter: Encyclopedia II - Helicopter - Hazards of helicopter flight |
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|  |  |  | paraffin: Encyclopedia II - Neutron - AntineutronThe antineutron is the antiparticle of the neutron. It was discovered by Bruce Cork in the year 1956, a year after the antiproton was discovered.
CPT-symmetry puts strong constraints on the relative properties of particles and antiparticles and, therefore, is open to stringent tests. The masses of the neutron and antineutron are equal to one part in (9±5)×10-5.
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See also:Neutron, Neutron - Properties, Neutron - Neutron Interactions, Neutron - Neutron Detection, Neutron - Neutron Uses, Neutron - Neutron Sources, Neutron - Discovery, Neutron - Current developments, Neutron - Antineutron, Neutron - Fields concerning neutrons, Neutron - Types of neutrons, Neutron - Objects containing neutrons, Neutron - Neutron sources, Neutron - Processes involving neutrons Read more here: » Neutron: Encyclopedia II - Neutron - Antineutron |
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