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Paradigm Shift | A Wisdom Archive on Paradigm Shift | | Paradigm Shift A selection of articles related to Paradigm Shift | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Paradigm Shift | | | |  Paradigm Shift: Encyclopedia II - Scientific revolution - New Scientific ThoughtAbout 1600, Ideas and People who emerged:
Uniform acceleration of falling bodies (Galileo)
Inertia and inertial frames of reference
The Earth as a magnet
Theory of lenses
Kepler's laws of planetary motion (Kepler), coupled with Copernicus' publication of Concerning the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres.
Telescopic discoveries: moons of Jupiter, lunar mountains, phases of Venus, etc. (Galileo)
Laws of hydrostatics
Constant period of the pendulum (Newt ...
See also:Scientific revolution, Scientific revolution - Emergence of the revolution, Scientific revolution - Early and Medieval Views of Science, Scientific revolution - New Scientific Thought, Scientific revolution - Theoretical developments, Scientific revolution - Experimental developments, Scientific revolution - Methodological developments, Scientific revolution - Mechanisation, Scientific revolution - Empiricism, Scientific revolution - Literary criticisms Read more here: » Scientific revolution: Encyclopedia II - Scientific revolution - New Scientific Thought |
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| | | | | | Paradigm Shift: Encyclopedia II - New Age - Underlying assumptions Judging by its name, the New Age movement ought to involve millenarian claims, perhaps of a glorious future age which is about to begin. As such it could theoretically be traced back to the time of Zoroaster, or to biblical apocalypticism. While such expectations are encountered often enough—e.g., the dawning of the Age of Aquarius, pole shifts and paradigm shifts, the imminent end of the Mayan calendar—the predominant themes of the New Age are mystical rather than apocalyptic. Hence the widespread interest within this subculture in the ...
See also:New Age, New Age - Definitions, New Age - History, New Age - Beliefs, New Age - Lifestyle, New Age - Underlying assumptions, New Age - Language, New Age - Critiques of the New Age, New Age - Medicine, New Age - Music, New Age - New Age communities Read more here: » New Age: Encyclopedia II - New Age - Underlying assumptions |
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| | | | | | | Paradigm Shift: Encyclopedia II - Theoretical physics - Overview Theoretical physics began at least 2,300 years ago under the pre-Socratic Greek philosophers, and continued by Plato; and Aristotle, whose views held sway for a millennium. During the Renaissance, the modern concept of experimental science, the counterpoint to theory, began with Francis Bacon. The modern era of theory began perhaps with the Copernican paradigm shift in astronomy, soon followed by the actual planetary orbits due to Keple ...
See also:Theoretical physics, Theoretical physics - Overview, Theoretical physics - Mainstream theories, Theoretical physics - Examples, Theoretical physics - Proposed theories, Theoretical physics - Examples, Theoretical physics - Fringe theories, Theoretical physics - Examples Read more here: » Theoretical physics: Encyclopedia II - Theoretical physics - Overview |
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| | | | | Paradigm Shift: Encyclopedia II - Empiricism - Criticisms
Empiricism - Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.
One of the most famous challenges against empiricism is Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), which built upon Norwood Russell Hanson's Patterns of Discovery (1958). In this, he argues that theory change is actually developed through paradigm shifts, where a new idea is offered that doesn't follow on existing theories but instead offers a unique, creative solution to existing problems. Scientific thinking, in Kuhn's view, ...
See also:Empiricism, Empiricism - Empiricism and Science, Empiricism - Empiricism in history, Empiricism - Classical Empiricism, Empiricism - Modern Empiricism, Empiricism - Radical Empiricism, Empiricism - Moderate Empiricism, Empiricism - Other forms, Empiricism - Criticisms, Empiricism - Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Empiricism - Constructivism, Empiricism - Quantum mechanics Read more here: » Empiricism: Encyclopedia II - Empiricism - Criticisms |
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| | | | | Paradigm Shift: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Basic introduction Though memeticists do not generally agree on a specific definition, one can roughly define 'meme' as any piece of information transferable from one mind to another. Examples might include thoughts, ideas, theories, practices, habits, songs, dances and moods.
Memes supposedly have, as their fundamental property, evolution via natural selection in a way very similar to Charles Darwin's ideas concerning biological evolution, on the premise that replication, mutation, survival and competition influence them. For example, while one idea ma ...
See also:Meme, Meme - Basic introduction, Meme - History of the concept of the meme, Meme - Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples of memes, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Basic introduction |
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| | | | | Paradigm Shift: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Ideas have a life of their own The old saying "Ideas have a life of their own" clearly encapsulates the "meme about memes". Keith Henson has traced this quote back to 1910 where an unknown interviewer of Gilbert Keith Chesterton used it - apparently as an old saying at that time. (Reported in alt.quotations [2])
This saying could possibly be traceable back to 1831, when Victor Hugo wrote the following: "...every thought, either philosophical or religious, is interested in perpetuating itself..." in his book Notre Dame de Paris (translated into English as ...
See also:Meme, Meme - Basic introduction, Meme - History of the concept of the meme, Meme - Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples of memes, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Ideas have a life of their own |
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| | | | | Paradigm Shift: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Memetic engineering Memetic engineering consists of the process of developing memes, through meme-splicing and memetic synthesis, with the intent of altering the behavior of others. It consists of the process of creating and developing theories or ideologies based on an analytical study of societies, their ways of thinking and the evolution of the minds that comprise them.
Memes in themselves appear morally neutral; not necessarily good or bad. However the application of memes can have moral implications, such as controlling the thinking of others in cat ...
See also:Meme, Meme - Basic introduction, Meme - History of the concept of the meme, Meme - Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples of memes, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Memetic engineering |
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| | | | | Paradigm Shift: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Memetic engineering Memetic engineering consists of the process of developing memes, through meme-splicing and memetic synthesis, with the intent of altering the behavior of others. It consists of the process of creating and developing theories or ideologies based on an analytical study of societies, their ways of thinking and the evolution of the minds that comprise them. Attempts have been made at Artificial Meme-Phrase Creation, although success has been limited.
Memes in themselves appear morally neutral; not necessarily good or bad. However the appl ...
See also:Meme, Meme - Introduction and definitions, Meme - Dawkins genetic analogy, Meme - Meme complexes and horizontal transmission, Meme - Historical usage of the meme concept, Meme - Quotation: Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Internet propagation, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Memetic engineering |
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| | | | | Paradigm Shift: Encyclopedia II - Science fiction - Purpose of science fiction Science fiction has often been concerned with the great hopes people place in science but also with their fears concerning the negative side of technological development; the latter is expressed in the classic theme of the hubristic scientist who is destroyed by his own creation.
Much science fiction attempt to generate a sense of wonder, or awe, from the setting, circumstances, or ideas presented. Paradigm shifts may be used to induce a sense o ...
See also:Science fiction, Science fiction - Definition and scope, Science fiction - Overall definition, Science fiction - Science fiction and fantasy, Science fiction - Science fiction and mainstream literature, Science fiction - Speculative fiction, Science fiction - Slipstream fiction, Science fiction - Precursors of science fiction, Science fiction - Purpose of science fiction, Science fiction - Subject matter, Science fiction - Forms of media, Science fiction - Magazines, Science fiction - Film, Science fiction - Comics, Science fiction - Radio, Science fiction - Theatre, Science fiction - Terminology, Science fiction - Fandom, Science fiction - SF portals, Science fiction - Bibliographies of SF in various languages Read more here: » Science fiction: Encyclopedia II - Science fiction - Purpose of science fiction |
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| | | | | Paradigm Shift: Encyclopedia II - Wavelet - Applications Generally, the DWT is used for signal coding whereas the CWT is used for signal analysis. Consequently, the DWT is commonly used in engineering and computer science and the CWT is most often used in scientific research. Wavelet transforms are now being adopted for a vast number of different applications, often replacing the conventional Fourier transform. Many areas of physics have seen this paradigm shift, including molecular dynamics, ab initio calculations, astrophysics, density-matrix localisation, seismic geophysics, optics, turbulence ...
See also:Wavelet, Wavelet - Overview, Wavelet - Using wavelet theory, Wavelet - Mother wavelet, Wavelet - Comparisons with Fourier, Wavelet - Definition of a wavelet, Wavelet - Scaling filter, Wavelet - Scaling function, Wavelet - Wavelet function, Wavelet - Applications, Wavelet - History, Wavelet - Time line, Wavelet - Wavelet transforms, Wavelet - List of wavelets, Wavelet - Discrete wavelets, Wavelet - Continuous wavelets Read more here: » Wavelet: Encyclopedia II - Wavelet - Applications |
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| | | | | Paradigm Shift: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Examples of memes Crudely-stated versions of some common memes include:
Technology: cars, paper-clips, etc. Technology clearly demonstrates mutation as well, which memetic (or genetic) progress requires. Many paper-clip designs have emerged throughout history, for example, with varying degrees of longevity, fecundity and copying fidelity (i.e., memetic "success"). An often-cited example of "technology as meme" involves the building of a fire.
Jingles: advertising slogans set to an engaging melody
Earworms: songs that one can't s ...
See also:Meme, Meme - Basic introduction, Meme - History of the concept of the meme, Meme - Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples of memes, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Examples of memes |
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| | | | | Paradigm Shift: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Examples Crudely-stated versions of some common memes include:
Technology: cars, paper-clips, etc. Technology clearly demonstrates mutation as well, which memetic (or genetic) progress requires. Many paper-clip designs have emerged throughout history, for example, with varying degrees of longevity, fecundity and copying fidelity (i.e., memetic "success"). An often-cited example of "technology as meme" involves the building of a fire.
Jingles: advertising slogans set to an engaging melody
Earworms: songs that one can't s ...
See also:Meme, Meme - Introduction and definitions, Meme - Dawkins genetic analogy, Meme - Meme complexes and horizontal transmission, Meme - Historical usage of the meme concept, Meme - Quotation: Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Internet propagation, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Examples |
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| | | | | Paradigm Shift: Encyclopedia II - Meme - History of the concept of the meme The concept of the meme has a long history. Plato used the term eidos to speak of the immutable and eternal nature of an existing thing. The human mind acted upon this eidos, according to Plato, when reasoning about the world around it. Aristotle rejected this notion in favor of an abstraction and categorization of the world as perceived by the observer.
Descartes enquired into the nature and verifiablity of truth, uttering his famous expository phrase "Cogito ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am). John Locke and Da ...
See also:Meme, Meme - Basic introduction, Meme - History of the concept of the meme, Meme - Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples of memes, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - History of the concept of the meme |
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| | | | | Paradigm Shift: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Memetics Memetics, the study of memes, remains a controversial field among many scientists and skeptics. Memetics originated when Richard Dawkins reduced the process of biological genetic evolution to its most fundamental unit: the replicator (or gene). Dawkins, in a search for parallels and other things that he might classify as replicators, suggested that the information and ideas in brains — culture, for example — could function as replicators as well. Computer software may represent another form of replicator with which evolution may eventually build grand things, whether socially as in the open source movement, or through th ...
See also:Meme, Meme - Basic introduction, Meme - History of the concept of the meme, Meme - Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples of memes, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Memetics |
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| | | | | Paradigm Shift: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Memetics Memetics, the study of memes, remains a controversial field among many scientists and skeptics. Memetics originated when Richard Dawkins reduced the process of biological genetic evolution to its most fundamental unit: the replicator (or gene). Dawkins, in a search for parallels and other things that he might classify as replicators, suggested that the information and ideas in brains — culture, for example — could function as replicators as well. Computer software may represent another form of replicator with which evolution may eventually build grand things, whether soci ...
See also:Meme, Meme - Introduction and definitions, Meme - Dawkins genetic analogy, Meme - Meme complexes and horizontal transmission, Meme - Historical usage of the meme concept, Meme - Quotation: Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Internet propagation, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Memetics |
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| | | | | Paradigm Shift: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Memetic evolution Memetic evolution, like genetic evolution, cannot happen without mutation. Mutation produces the essential variations, whereupon those variations that prove "better" at replication will become more common and therefore have a greater chance at replication again. However, unlike genetic evolution, memetic evolution seems to have no separate underlying genotype. If, for example, a mouse loses its tail or a bodybuilder lifts weights, the genetic information in their genotype, stored on their DNA, will remain unchanged, and when that genetic inf ...
See also:Meme, Meme - Basic introduction, Meme - History of the concept of the meme, Meme - Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples of memes, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Memetic evolution |
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| | | | | Paradigm Shift: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain In 1981 biologists Charles J. Lumsden and Edward Osborne Wilson published a theory of gene-culture coevolution in the book Genes, Mind, and Culture: The Coevolutionary Process. They pointed out that the fundamental biological units of culture must correspond to neuronal networks that function as nodes of semantic memory. Wilson later adopted the term 'meme' as the best existing name for the fundamental unit of cultural inheritance and elaborated upon the fundamental role of memes in unifying the natural and social sciences in his book Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge.
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See also:Meme, Meme - Basic introduction, Meme - History of the concept of the meme, Meme - Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples of memes, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain |
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| | | | | Paradigm Shift: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Introduction and definitions Though memeticists do not generally agree on a specific definition, one can roughly define 'meme' as any piece of information transferable from one mind to another. Examples might include thoughts, ideas, theories, practices, habits, songs, dances and moods. Different definitions of meme generally agree, very roughly, that a meme consists of some sort of a self-propagating unit of cultural evolution hav ...
See also:Meme, Meme - Introduction and definitions, Meme - Dawkins genetic analogy, Meme - Meme complexes and horizontal transmission, Meme - Historical usage of the meme concept, Meme - Quotation: Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Internet propagation, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Introduction and definitions |
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| | | | | Paradigm Shift: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Memetic evolution Memetic evolution, like genetic evolution, cannot happen without mutation. Mutation produces the essential variations, whereupon those variations that prove "better" at replication will become more common and therefore have a greater chance at replication again. However, unlike genetic evolution, memetic evolution seems to have no separate underlying genotype. If, for example, a mouse loses its tail or a bodybuilder lifts weights, the genetic information in their genotype, stored on their DNA, will remain unchanged, and when that genetic inf ...
See also:Meme, Meme - Introduction and definitions, Meme - Dawkins genetic analogy, Meme - Meme complexes and horizontal transmission, Meme - Historical usage of the meme concept, Meme - Quotation: Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Internet propagation, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Memetic evolution |
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