Paradigm

Since the late 1800s, the word paradigm (IPA: /pæɹɘdaɪm/) has referred to a thought pattern in any scientific discipline or other epistemological context. Initially the word was specific to grammar: the 1900 Merriam-Webster dictionary defines its technical use only in the context of grammar or, in rhetoric, as a term for an illustrative parable or fable. Also, in linguistics, Ferdinand de Saussure used paradigm to ...

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Paradigm: Encyclopedia II - Paradigm - Paradigm shifts Paradigm shifts tend to be most dramatic where they are least expected, as in Physics. At the end of the 19th century, physics seemed to be a discipline filling in the last few details of a largely worked-out system. In 1900, Lord Kelvin famously stated, "There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that remains is more and more precise measurement." Five years later, Albert Einstein published his paper on special relativity, which challenged the very simple set of rules laid down by Newtonian mechanics, which had been used to d ...

The Universal Paradigm is a New Age approach to life where many popular religions and philosophies are surveyed for Common Elements that are brought together in a unified whole to form the foundation of a belief system. Supporters argue that the Common Elements are so basic and universal that they cannot be debated or disputed. As an example, one can go to any society and find the concept of "greater than". One can lay 5 same-sized stones on the ground in one pile and 8 identical stones in another pile and 100% of the people will agree that the pile with ...

Paradigm: Knowing to Being - A Paradigm Shift

Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, who founded the Transcendental Meditation technique, recently said that a great shift is about to take place in the world; a new paradigm is unfolding for faster progress. Maharishi said this great leap of progress for mankind will be a shift from "knowing to Being".

For generations, life has been lived on the level of "knowing" (I know this, I know that). But "Being" is the basis of knowing. The field of Being is infinitely more powerful than the surface level of "knowing". Physics tells us that more subtle levels of nature contain more intelligence, more power (the atomic level is more powerful than the molecular level).

Read more here: » Peace of Mind: Knowing to Being - A Paradigm Shift

Paradigm: Encyclopedia - Exemplar

Exemplar, in the sense developed by philosopher of science Thomas Kuhn, is a well known usage of a scientific theory. According to Kuhn, scientific practice alternates between periods of normal science and extraordinary/revolutionary science. During periods of normalcy, scientists tend to subscribe to a large body of interconnecting knowledge, methods, and assumptions which make up the reigning paradigm (see paradigm shift for more information on Kuhn's model). Normal science presents a series of "puzzles" that are solved as scientists explore their field. The solution to some of these puzzles become well k ...

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Paradigm: Encyclopedia - Cut and paste

In human-computer interaction, cut and paste is a user interface paradigm for a means of moving text (typically plain text) or other data from a source to a destination. This paradigm is closely associated with graphical user interfaces that use pointing devices. The term cut and paste derives from the traditional practice in manuscript editing in which paragraphs were literally cut from a page with scissors and physically pasted onto another page. This was standard practice as late as the 1960s. Editing scissors ...

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Paradigm: Encyclopedia - Chaos magic

Chaos Magick is a relatively new form of ritual and empty-handed magic, utilizing paradigm shifting and inhibitory or excitatory states of consciousness, called "gnosis," not limited to but including meditation, chanting, spinning, dancing, drug use, pain or orgasm. Practitioners hold that they can shape reality using this form of magic. Chaos magic - Pre-History. Austin Osman Spare was initially involved with the Golden Dawn tradition, and its offshoots such as the O.T.O and Aleister Crowley's Argenteum As ...

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Paradigm: Encyclopedia - Conventional warfare

Conventional warfare is a form of warfare conducted by using conventional military weapons and battlefield tactics between two or more states in open confrontation. The forces on each side are well-defined, and fight using weapons that primarily target the opposing army. It is normally fought through means other than with weapons of mass destruction, namely chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons. The general purpose of conventional warfare is to destroy the opponent's military force, thereby negating his ability to engage in ...

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Conventional warfare - History

Paradigm: Encyclopedia - Aspect-oriented programming

In software engineering, the programming paradigm of aspect-oriented programming (AOP), also called aspect-oriented software development (AOSD), attempts to aid programmers in the separation of concerns, or the breaking down of a program into distinct parts that overlap in functionality as little as possible. In particular, AOP focuses on the modularization and encapsulation of cross-cutting concerns. Gregor Kiczales and his team at Xerox PARC originated this concept. This team also d ...

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Paradigm: Encyclopedia - Technological escalation

Technological escalation describes the fact that whenever two parties are in competition, each side tends to employ continuing technological improvements to defeat the other. Technology is defined here as a creative invention, be it an object or a method of using an object. This is a natural result of mankind's use of our brains, and the nature of science and technology that understanding and innovations build on each other. Escalation is usually a negative term, meaning to make bigger in a bad way. However, if two companies ar ...

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Paradigm: Encyclopedia - Algorithm

In mathematics and computer science an algorithm is a finite set of well-defined instructions for accomplishing some task which, given an initial state, will terminate in a corresponding recognizable end-state. Algorithms can be implemented by computer programs. Informally, the concept of an algorithm is often illustrated by the example of a recipe, although many algorithms are much more complex; algorithms often have steps that repeat (iterate) or require decisions (such as logic or comparison). The concept of algorithms was formalized in 1936 by Alan Turing's Turing machines and Alonzo Church's lambda c ...

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Algorithm - Formalization of algorithms

Algorithm - Implementation

Paradigm: New Age Spiritual Dictionary on Paradigm

paradigm

1. Set of deep concepts on the nature of reality that shapes language, thought, perceptions, and system structures. 2. Unconscious dogmas and assumptions which make ordinary scientific practice possible

(See also: Paradigm, Body Mind and Soul)

Paradigm: New Age Dictionary on Paradigm Shift

Paradigm Shift

Refers to a shift in world views. The so-called "new paradigm" (new model orform) is pantheistic (all is God) and monastic (all is one).

(See also: Paradigm Shift, New Age, Body mind and Soul)

Paradigm: Encyclopedia II - Paradigm shift - Kuhnian Paradigm Shifts

An epistemological paradigm shift was called a scientific revolution by epistemologist and historian of science Thomas Kuhn in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. A scientific revolution occurs, according to Kuhn, when scientists encounter anomalies which cannot be explained by the universally accepted paradigm within which scientific progress has thereto been made. The paradigm, in Kuhn's view, is not simply the current theory, but the entire worldview in which it exists, and all of the implications which ...

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Paradigm

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