The Papal States (Gli Stati della Chiesa or Stati Pontificii, "States of the Church") was one of the major historical states of Italy before the boot-shaped peninsula was unified under the Piedmontese crown of Savoy (later a republic). The Papal States comprised those territories over which the Pope was the ruler in a civil as well as a spiritual sense before 1870. This governing power is commonly called the temporal power of the Pope, as opposed to his (unique and more essential) ecclestiastical primacy. The plural is u ...

Including:

• Papal States - Origins
• Papal States - The Donation of Pippin and the Holy Roman Empire
• Papal States - The Renaissance
• Papal States - The era of the French Revolution and Napoleon
• Papal States - Italian nationalism and the end of the Papal States
• Papal States - Institutions

Read more here: » Papal States: Encyclopedia - Papal States

See also:

Papal States, Papal States - Origins, Papal States - The Donation of Pippin and the Holy Roman Empire, Papal States - The Renaissance, Papal States - The era of the French Revolution and Napoleon, Papal States - Italian nationalism and the end of the Papal States, Papal States - Institutions

Read more here: » Papal States: Encyclopedia II - Papal States - The Renaissance

The Roman Catholic Church spent its first three centuries as an outlawed organization and was thus unable to hold or transfer property. After the ban was lifted by the Emperor Constantine I, the church's private property grew quickly through the donations of the pious and the wealthy; the Lateran Palace was the first significant donation, a gift of Constantine himself. Other donations soon followed, mainly in mainland Italy but also in the provinces. However, the Church held all of these lands as a private landowner, not as a sovereign entit ...

See also:

Papal States, Papal States - Origins, Papal States - The Donation of Pippin and the Holy Roman Empire, Papal States - The Renaissance, Papal States - The era of the French Revolution and Napoleon, Papal States - Italian nationalism and the end of the Papal States, Papal States - Institutions

Read more here: » Papal States: Encyclopedia II - Papal States - Origins

The Papal Tiara, also known as the Triple Tiara, in Latin as the 'Triregnum', or in Italian as the 'Triregno',[1] is the three-tiered jewelled papal crown of Byzantine and Persian origin that is the symbol of the papacy. Papal Tiaras were worn by all popes from Pope Clement V (d. 1314) to Pope Paul VI, who was crowned in 1963. Pope Paul VI abandoned the use of his own tiara after the Second Vatican Council, symbolically layin ...

Including:

• Papal Tiara - Not just one tiara
• Papal Tiara - Shape of the Triple Tiara
• Papal Tiara - Weight of the tiara
• Papal Tiara - Symbolism of the Triple Tiara
• Papal Tiara - Origins
• Papal Tiara - Usage
• Papal Tiara - The Papal Coronation
• Papal Tiara - The Papal Tiara and the 666 controversy
• Papal Tiara - The last crowned Pope
• Papal Tiara - A permanent end to the wearing of the Triple Tiara?
• Papal Tiara - Tiara envy
• Papal Tiara - The triple tiara in Tarot
• Papal Tiara - Footnotes

Read more here: » Papal Tiara: Encyclopedia - Papal Tiara

Catholicism and Freemasonry have often seemed to be in conflict, with Freemasonry tending to anticlericalism and the Roman Catholic Church forbidding Catholics from becoming freemasons. Catholicism and Freemasonry - Catholic attitudes towards Freemasonry. Freemasonry is seen by the church as being in fundamental competition with Catholic doctrines for a number of reasons: It is alleged to advocate a Deist view of religion It advocated a radical separation of church and st ...

Including:

• Catholicism and Freemasonry - Catholic attitudes towards Freemasonry
• Catholicism and Freemasonry - Ban on Membership
• Catholicism and Freemasonry - Papal Encyclicals
• Catholicism and Freemasonry - The Inquisition and Freemasonry
• Catholicism and Freemasonry - Allegations of Deism
• Catholicism and Freemasonry - Seperation of Church and State
• Catholicism and Freemasonry - See Also

Read more here: » Catholicism and Freemasonry: Encyclopedia - Catholicism and Freemasonry

The Papal Coronation was a six-hour ceremony in which a new pope was crowned as head of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City (and before 1870, head of state of the Papal States). A three-tiered Triple Tiara or Papal Tiara was used in the ceremony, and the new pope would take the papal oath. Papal Coronation - Location of the ceremony. The first papal coronations took place in St. John Lateran, the pope's cathedral. However traditionally for hundreds of years papal coronations have ...

Including:

• Papal Coronation - Location of the ceremony
• Papal Coronation - Pope Paul and the coronation
• Papal Coronation - John Paul II and the coronation
• Papal Coronation - Conservative criticism of Benedict XVI's decision not to be crowned
• Papal Coronation - Footnotes

Read more here: » Papal Coronation: Encyclopedia - Papal Coronation

Events Emperor Kammu succeeds Emperor Kōnin as emperor of Japan. Charlemagne defines the Papal territory (see Papal States). Talorcan II succeeds Drest III as king of the Picts. Births Deaths Category: 781 ...

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A governor is also a device that regulates the speed of a machine. See Governor (device). A governor is a governing official, usually in chief (at least nominally, to different degrees also politically and administratively) of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state; furthermore the title applies to officials with a similar mandate as representatives of a chartered company which has been granted exercise of sovereignty, even with its own armed forces, in a colonial area, often both colonizing and exploiting, sometimes a major state within the sta ...

Including:

• Governor - Etymology
• Governor - Pre-Roman empires
• Governor - Egypt
• Governor - Mesopotamia and beyond
• Governor - Pre- & hellenistic satraps
• Governor - Roman empires and legacy
• Governor - In ancient Rome
• Governor - Byzantium
• Governor - Legacy
• Governor - Holy Roman/ Habsburg Empires and successor states
• Governor - Turkish rule
• Governor - British Empire and Commonwealth
• Governor - Colonial style
• Governor - New style
• Governor - Russia and former Soviet Union
• Governor - Other Colonial empires
• Governor - Other modern Asian countries
• Governor - People's Republic of China
• Governor - Philippines
• Governor - Other modern countries in the Americas
• Governor - United States
• Governor - Mexico
• Governor - Brazil
• Governor - South America
• Governor - Other European countries and empires
• Governor - Benelux monarchies
• Governor - France & Napoleon
• Governor - Italy
• Governor - Papal & Vatican particularity
• Governor - Scandinavia
• Governor - Other modern African countries
• Governor - Modern equivalents
• Governor - Furthermore the word has other meanings

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Clement XII, born as Lorenzo Corsini (Florence, April 7, 1652 – Rome, February 6, 1740), (pope 1730-1740), had been an aristocratic lawyer and financial manager under preceding pontiffs. He is known for building the new façade of the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano and beginning the Trevi Fountain and the purchase of Cardinal Albani's collection of antiquities for the papal gallery. Under Benedict XIII, the finances of the Papal States had been delivered into the hands of Cardinal Coscia and other members of the ...

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David I. Kertzer is Paul Dupee, Jr. University Professor of Social Science, Professor of Anthropology (1992- ), Professor of History (1992-2001), and Professor of Italian Studies at Brown University. He is the author of 10 books on various aspects of Italian society, especially 19th- and 20th-century history. One of those Prisoner of the Vatican, is about the acrimonious relationship between the Holy See and the newly unified kingdom of Italy during the period from the overthrow of the Papal States in 1870 until the two ...

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A coronation crown is a crown used by a monarch when being crowned. In some monarchies, monarchs did not wear the one crown but had a number of crowns for different occasions; a coronation crown for the moment of coronation, and a state or imperial crown for general usage in state ceremonial. Coronation crown - Famous coronation crowns. 1877 Papal Tiara - used to crown Popes Pius XII and John XXIII; St. Edward's Crown - traditional English and British coronation crown, t ...

Including:

• Coronation crown - Famous coronation crowns

Read more here: » Coronation crown: Encyclopedia - Coronation crown

Acclamation - Politics. An acclamation is a form of election not using a ballot. The most frequent type of acclamation is a voice vote, in which the voting group is asked who favors and who opposes the proposed candidate. In the event of a lack of opposition, the candidate is considered elected. It is most commonly involved with papal elections, parliamentary decisions, and United States conventions nomination processes. In Canada, a candidate for a parliamentary or legislative position is sa ...

Including:

• Acclamation - Politics
• Acclamation - Religion

Read more here: » Acclamation: Encyclopedia - Acclamation

1305 - Events. August 5 - English troops capture William Wallace Wenceslas III becomes king of Bohemia The Papacy removed to France following riots in the Papal State. 1305 - Births. Ashikaga Takauji, Japanese shogun (died 1358) 1305 - Deaths. April 4 - Joan I of Navarre, queen of Philip IV of France June 21 - King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and Poland (born 1271) August 23 - W ...

Including:

• 1305 - Events
• 1305 - Births
• 1305 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1305: Encyclopedia - 1305

The Syllabus of Errors (Latin: Syllabus Errorum) was a document issued by Pope Pius IX in 1864 as an appendix to his encyclical Quanta Cura. It was very controversial in its time and to this day, because it seemed to condemn things such as freedom of religion and the separation of church and state. Syllabus of Errors - Format. The Syllabus was made up of excerpts and paraphrases from earlier papal documents, along with index references to them, and presented as a list of "condemn ...

Including:

• Syllabus of Errors - Format
• Syllabus of Errors - Some condemned statements
• Syllabus of Errors - Reactions of non-Catholics
• Syllabus of Errors - Reactions of Catholics
• Syllabus of Errors - Subsequent history

Read more here: » Syllabus of Errors: Encyclopedia - Syllabus of Errors

William Wakefield Cardinal Baum (born November 21, 1926 in Dallas, Texas) is the senior living Roman Catholic Cardinal from the United States and was the senior Cardinal Priest to participate in the 2005 Papal conclave. Ordained a priest in 1951, he spent his early church career in Missouri. A privy chamberlain from 1961, from 1962 to 1965 he served as both vice-chancellor of the Diocese of Kansas City-St. Joseph and as an "expert" at the Second Vatican Council. He later became chancellor of that diocese before being named a bishop ...

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Casti Connubii was a papal encyclical promulgated by Pope Pius XI in 1930. It stressed the sanctity of marriage, prohibited Roman Catholics from using any form of artificial birth control, and reaffirmed the prohibition on abortion. It also explained the authority of Church doctrine on moral matters, and advocated the cooperation of civil governments with the Church. Casti Connubii - Sanctity of marriage. Early Catholic doctrine considered complete sexual abstinence to be the most holy state for huma ...

Including:

• Casti Connubii - Sanctity of marriage
• Casti Connubii - Birth control
• Casti Connubii - Abortion

Read more here: » Casti Connubii: Encyclopedia - Casti Connubii

It was the issue of the government of the Papal States that was to prove central to the 1846 conclave. The College of Cardinals was split into two factions. The conservatives wished to see a continuation of papal absolutism in the governance of the Papal States, a continuation of the hardline policies of Pope Gregory XVI and his infamous right-wing Secretary of State, Luigi Emmanuele Nicolo Ca ...

See also:

Papal conclave 1846, Papal conclave 1846 - Conclave divided over how to rule the Papal States, Papal conclave 1846 - Failed attempt to veto Ferretti, Papal conclave 1846 - Aftermath, Papal conclave 1846 - Conclave factfile

Read more here: » Papal conclave 1846: Encyclopedia II - Papal conclave 1846 - Conclave divided over how to rule the Papal States

Main article: Origins of the Papal Tiara According to James-Charles Noonan[11] the lowest of the three crowns appeared at the base of the traditional white papal headgear in the ninth century. When the popes assumed temporal power in the Papal States, the base crown became decorated with jewels to resemble the crowns of princes. He suggested that a second crown was added by Pope Boniface VIII in 1298 to symbolize spiritual dominion. Very soo ...

See also:

Papal Tiara, Papal Tiara - Not just one tiara, Papal Tiara - Shape of the Triple Tiara, Papal Tiara - Weight of the tiara, Papal Tiara - Symbolism of the Triple Tiara, Papal Tiara - Origins, Papal Tiara - Usage, Papal Tiara - The Papal Coronation, Papal Tiara - The Papal Tiara and the 666 controversy, Papal Tiara - The last crowned Pope, Papal Tiara - A permanent end to the wearing of the Triple Tiara?, Papal Tiara - Tiara envy, Papal Tiara - The triple tiara in Tarot, Papal Tiara - Footnotes

Read more here: » Papal Tiara: Encyclopedia II - Papal Tiara - Origins

Main articles: Papal Inauguration and Enthronement. In 1978, one of Pope John Paul I's first decisions on his election was to dispense with the 1000-year-old papal coronation and the use of a papal tiara. In doing so he ignored the requirements specified in Pope Paul VI's 1975 Apostolic Constitution Romano Pontifici Eligendo which laid down the rules for future papal elections and which explicitly required the continuation of papal coronations and the use of the papal tiara stating that the new pontiff is to be crowned by the senior cardinal deacon. See also:

Papal Tiara, Papal Tiara - Not just one tiara, Papal Tiara - Shape of the Triple Tiara, Papal Tiara - Weight of the tiara, Papal Tiara - Symbolism of the Triple Tiara, Papal Tiara - Origins, Papal Tiara - Usage, Papal Tiara - The Papal Coronation, Papal Tiara - The Papal Tiara and the 666 controversy, Papal Tiara - The last crowned Pope, Papal Tiara - A permanent end to the wearing of the Triple Tiara?, Papal Tiara - Tiara envy, Papal Tiara - The triple tiara in Tarot, Papal Tiara - Footnotes

Read more here: » Papal Tiara: Encyclopedia II - Papal Tiara - A permanent end to the wearing of the Triple Tiara?

Article: List of papal tiaras in existence Though people often talk about the Papal Tiara, in fact there were many. Unfortunately many of the earlier priceless papal tiaras (most notably the tiaras of Pope Julius II[5] and that attributed to Pope Saint Silvester) were destroyed, dismantled or seized by invaders (most notably by Berthier's army in 1798), or by popes themselves; Pope Clement VII had all the tiaras and papal regalia me ...

See also:

Papal Tiara, Papal Tiara - Not just one tiara, Papal Tiara - Shape of the Triple Tiara, Papal Tiara - Weight of the tiara, Papal Tiara - Symbolism of the Triple Tiara, Papal Tiara - Origins, Papal Tiara - Usage, Papal Tiara - The Papal Coronation, Papal Tiara - The Papal Tiara and the 666 controversy, Papal Tiara - The last crowned Pope, Papal Tiara - A permanent end to the wearing of the Triple Tiara?, Papal Tiara - Tiara envy, Papal Tiara - The triple tiara in Tarot, Papal Tiara - Footnotes

Read more here: » Papal Tiara: Encyclopedia II - Papal Tiara - Not just one tiara