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1413 - Year in topics. 1413 in art 1413 - Births. Frederick II, Margrave of Brandenburg (died 1470) Louis of Savoy (died 1465) 1413 - Deaths. March 20 - Henry IV of England (born 1367) Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury (born 1353) Dawit I of Ethiopia (born 1382) Category: 1413 ...

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• 1413 - Events
• 1413 - Year in topics
• 1413 - Births
• 1413 - Deaths

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There is a source document for or relating to this article that could be added to Wikipedia's sister project, Wikisource. Wikipedia is not a repository of source data; Wikisource is. While this article does not itself contain source data that should be moved to Wikisource, a document that could be used as a source for or relating to this article could be on Wikisource but currently is not. The source document is: ...

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There are source documents for or relating to this article that could be added to Wikipedia's sister project, Wikisource. Wikipedia is not a repository of source data; Wikisource is. While this article does not itself contain source data that should be moved to Wikisource, documents that could be used as sources for or relating to this article could be on Wikisource but currently are not. The source documents are: Unigenitus Abrégé de la moral ...

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Calixtus III, né Alfons de Borja (December 31, 1378 – August 6, 1458) was born near Xàtiva, València, today Spain but then Kingdom of Valencia under the Crown of Aragon, and was pope from April 8, 1455 to his death. His early career was spent as a professor of law at Lleida and then as a diplomat in the service of the kings of Aragon, especially during the Council of Basel. He became a cardinal after reconciling Pope Eugenius IV with King Alfons V of Aragon. He was raised to the papal chair in 1455 at a very ...

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Ślęza (-Polish, German: Lohe) is a 78.6 km long river in Lower Silesia, southern Poland, a left tributary of the Oder. It starts in the Niemcza Hills (Wzgórza Niemczańskie), part of the Sudete Highlands (Przedgórze Sudeckie), and flows near Mount Ślęża through the Silesian Lowland (Nizinia Śląska) and enters the Oder in Wrocław. The most important tributary is: Mała Ślęza ("Small Ślęza"). The most important towns on the river are: Niemcza, » Ślęza: Encyclopedia - Ślęza

Latrocinium is a ecclesiastical Latin word meaning 'rebel or hostile council'. It literally means 'robber council.' The infamous Council of Sirmium is a latrocinium. Another is the Synod of Pistoia. Richard I of England exempted the Knights Templar from Latrocinium and murdrum amongst other privileges. Conservative catholics associated with sedevacante movements such as the United States-based true Catholic Church under Reverend Father Earl Lucian Pulvermacher (proclaimed Pope Pius XIII by his supporters) regard t ...

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An Apostolic constitution (Latin constitutio apostolica) is a very solemn decree issued by the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. The use of the term constitution comes from Latin constitutio, which referred to any important law issued by the Roman emperor, and is retained in church documents because of the inheritance that the canon law of the Roman Catholic Church received from Roman law. By their nature, apostolic constitutions are addressed to the public. Generic constitutions use the title Apostolic ...

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• Apostolic constitution - Examples of Apostolic Constitutions

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By the 12th century, Ireland was divided politically into a shifting hierarchy of petty kingdoms and over-kingdoms. Power was concentrated into the hands of a few regional dynasties contending against each other for control of the whole island. The Northern Uí Néill ruled much of what is now Ulster. Their kinsmen, the Southern Uí Néill, were Kings of Brega (Meath). The kingship of Leinster was held by the dynamic Ui Cheinnselaigh dynasty. A new kingdom rose between Leinster and Munster, Osraige, ruled by the family of Mac Giolla Phádrai ...

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Norman Ireland, Norman Ireland - The Coming of the Normans 1167-1185, Norman Ireland - The Papal Bull and Henry's invasion, Norman Ireland - The Lordship of Ireland 1185-1254, Norman Ireland - Invasion contained, Norman Ireland - Gaelic Resurgence Norman Decline 1254-1536

Read more here: » Norman Ireland: Encyclopedia II - Norman Ireland - The Coming of the Normans 1167-1185

Initially the Normans controlled large swathes of Ireland, securing the entire east coast, from Waterford up to eastern Ulster and penetrating as far west as Galway and Mayo. The most powerful forces in the land were the great Hiberno-Norman Earldoms such as the Geraldines, the Butlers and the Burkes, who controlled vast territories which were almost independent of the governments in Dublin or London. The Lord of Ireland was King John, who, on his visits in 1185 and 1210, had helped secure the Norman areas from both the military and the admi ...

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Norman Ireland, Norman Ireland - The Coming of the Normans 1167-1185, Norman Ireland - The Papal Bull and Henry's invasion, Norman Ireland - The Lordship of Ireland 1185-1254, Norman Ireland - Invasion contained, Norman Ireland - Gaelic Resurgence Norman Decline 1254-1536

Read more here: » Norman Ireland: Encyclopedia II - Norman Ireland - The Lordship of Ireland 1185-1254

Hiberno-Norman Ireland was deeply shaken by three events of the 14th century. The first was the invasion of Ireland by Edward Bruce of Scotland who, in 1315, rallied many of the Irish lords against the English presence in Ireland. Although Bruce was eventually defeated in Ireland at the battle of Faughart, near Dundalk, his troops caused a great deal of destruction, especially in the densely settled area around Dublin. In this chaotic situation, local Irish lords won back large amounts of land that the ...

See also:

Norman Ireland, Norman Ireland - The Coming of the Normans 1167-1185, Norman Ireland - The Papal Bull and Henry's invasion, Norman Ireland - The Lordship of Ireland 1185-1254, Norman Ireland - Invasion contained, Norman Ireland - Gaelic Resurgence Norman Decline 1254-1536

Read more here: » Norman Ireland: Encyclopedia II - Norman Ireland - Gaelic Resurgence Norman Decline 1254-1536

Another important decision of Clement was in regard to the Chinese Rites controversy: the Jesuit missionaries were forbidden to take part in honors paid to Confucius or the ancestors of the emperors of China, which Clement identified as idolatrous, and to accommodate Christian language to pagan ideas under plea of conciliating the heathen. The political troubles of the time greatly embarrassed Clement's relations with the leading Catholic powers, and the moral prestige of the Holy See suffered much from his compulsory recognition of t ...

See also:

Pope Clement XI, Pope Clement XI - Pontificate, Pope Clement XI - Resistance to papal bull, Pope Clement XI - Chinese Rites controversy, Pope Clement XI - Personal library

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In reply to the Papal bull Exsurge Domine of Pope Leo X (1520), Martin Luther had burned the document and appealed to a general council. In 1522, German diets joined in the appeal, and Charles V seconded and pressed it as a means of reunifying the Church and settling the controversy started by the Reformation. Pope Clement VII (1523-1534) was vehemently against the idea of a council, agreeing with Francis I of France. After the deliverances of Pope Pius II in his bull Execrabilis (1460) and his reply to the University of Cologn ...

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Council of Trent, Council of Trent - Occasion sessions and attendance, Council of Trent - Objects and general results, Council of Trent - The canons and decrees, Council of Trent - Publication of documents, Council of Trent - List of dogmatic decrees

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In reply to the Papal bull Exsurge Domine of Pope Leo X (1520), Martin Luther had burned the document and appealed to a general council. In 1522, German diets joined in the appeal, and Charles V seconded and pressed it as a means of reunifying the Church and settling the controversy started by the Reformation. Pope Clement VII (1523-1534) was vehemently against the idea of a council, agreeing with Francis I of France. After the deliverances of Pope Pius II in his bull Execrabilis (1460) and his reply to the University of Cologn ...

See also:

Council of Trent, Council of Trent - Occasion, sessions, and attendance, Council of Trent - Objects and general results, Council of Trent - The canons and decrees, Council of Trent - Publication of documents, Council of Trent - List of dogmatic decrees

Read more here: » Council of Trent: Encyclopedia II - Council of Trent - Occasion, sessions, and attendance

The first papal condemnation of Freemasonry came in 1738 from Pope Clement XII in his papal bull Eminenti Apostolatus Specula, repeated by several later popes, notably Pope Leo XIII in the encyclical Humanum Genus (1884). The 1917 Code of Canon Law explicitly declares that joining Freemasonry entailed automatic excommunication; the revised Code issued in 1983 does not explicitly name Masonic orders ...

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Catholicism and Freemasonry, Catholicism and Freemasonry - Catholic attitudes towards Freemasonry, Catholicism and Freemasonry - Ban on Membership, Catholicism and Freemasonry - Papal Encyclicals, Catholicism and Freemasonry - The Inquisition and Freemasonry, Catholicism and Freemasonry - Allegations of Deism, Catholicism and Freemasonry - Seperation of Church and State, Catholicism and Freemasonry - See Also

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On 1 March 1420, Pope Martin V published a papal bull in which he ordered that Sigismund and all Eastern princes had to organize a crusade against the Hussite followers of John Hus, John Wyclif and other heretics. On 15 March in Wrocław, Emperor Sigismund ordered the execution of Jan Krasy who was a Hussite and leader of the Wrocław Uprising in 1418. On 17 March the papal legate Ferdinad de Palacios published the bull in Wrocław. After that the Utraquist faction of Hussites understood that they would not reach agreement with him. They un ...

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Battle of Vítkov Hill, Battle of Vítkov Hill - Preliminaries to the battle, Battle of Vítkov Hill - Fight on Benesov and near Kutná Hora, Battle of Vítkov Hill - Defence of Prague

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It was intended to resolve the dispute that had been created following the return of Christopher Columbus. In 1481 the papal Bull Aeterni regis had granted all land south of the Canary Islands to Portugal. In May 1493 The Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI decreed in the Bull Inter caetera that all lands west of a meridian only 100 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands should belong to Spain while new lands discovered east of that line would belong to Portugal, although territory already under Christian rule would remain untouched ...

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Treaty of Tordesillas, Treaty of Tordesillas - Exploration and colonization, Treaty of Tordesillas - Anti-meridian, Treaty of Tordesillas - External link

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A see was founded in 1063 at Mortlach by Blessed Beyn. The earliest mention of the old See of Aberdeen is in the charter of the foundation, by the Earl of Buchan, of the Church of Deer (c. 1152), which is witnessed by Nectan, Bishop of Aberdeen. The first ecclesiastical record of the see is in a Papal Bull of Pope Adrian IV (1157), confirming to Bishop Edward the churches of Aberdeen and Saint M ...

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Diocese of Aberdeen, Diocese of Aberdeen - Early History, Diocese of Aberdeen - Reformation, Diocese of Aberdeen - Restoration of the Diocese, Diocese of Aberdeen - Early Twentieth Century

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Honorius gave papal sanction to the Dominican order in 1216, and to the Franciscan in 1223. He approved the Rule of St. Dominic in his Bull Religiosam vitam, dated December 22, 1216, and that of St. Francis in his Bull Solet annuere, dated November 29, 1223. During his pontificate also many of the tertiary orders first came into existence. On January 30, 1226, he approved the Carmelite Order in his Bull Ut vivendi normam. He also approved the religious congregation "Val des Ecoliers" (Vallis scholarium, Valley of scholars), which had been founded by four pious pr ...

See also:

Pope Honorius III, Pope Honorius III - Early Work, Pope Honorius III - Elected Pope, Pope Honorius III - Fifth Crusade, Pope Honorius III - Other Work, Pope Honorius III - Writings

Read more here: » Pope Honorius III: Encyclopedia II - Pope Honorius III - Other Work

The tumults at Prague had stirred up a sensation, unpleasant for the Roman party; papal legates and Archbishop Albik tried to persuade Hus to give up his opposition to the papal bulls, and the king made an unsuccessful attempt to reconcile the two parties. In the meantime the clergy of Prague, through Michael de Causis, had brought their complaints before the Pope, and he ordered the Cardinal of St. Angelo to proceed against Hus without mercy. The cardinal put him under the great church ban. He was to be seized and delivered to the archbisho ...

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Jan Hus, Jan Hus - Early life and studies, Jan Hus - Influence of Wyclif in Bohemia, Jan Hus - Papal schism, Jan Hus - Indulgences, Jan Hus - Further dissentions, Jan Hus - Council of Constance, Jan Hus - Trial of Hus, Jan Hus - Condemnation and execution, Jan Hus - Hus' character writings and teachings, Jan Hus - Source of his influence, Jan Hus - Reference

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Gratian's sources were Roman law, the Bible, papal bulls, the acts of church councils and synods, and other collections of laws. The publication of his Decretum had a profound effect: it allowed canon law to be taught and learned in a scientific manner, especially at the famous law school at the University of Bologna. It was occasionally claimed that Gratian did not use Burchard of Worms' Decretorum Libri XX, but this does not appear to be true. Gratian systematically mentions a number of other collections, but Burchard's name ...

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Decretum Gratiani, Decretum Gratiani - Sources, Decretum Gratiani - Development, Decretum Gratiani - Effect, Decretum Gratiani - Sources

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