Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning

On December 7, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) issued a security bulletin saying that, on December 5, a man with an Arab accent had telephoned the U.S. Embassy in Helsinki, Finland, and had told them that a Pan Am flight from Frankfurt to the United States would be blown up within the next two weeks by someone associated with the Abu Nidal Organization. He said a Finnish woman would carry the bomb on board as ...

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Pan Am Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers, Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning, Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones, Pan Am Flight 103 - Last contact with Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion, Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up, Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew, Pan Am Flight 103 - Lockerbie residents, Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives, Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi, Pan Am Flight 103 - July 1988 downing of Iran Air 655, Pan Am Flight 103 - South-West Africa Namibia, Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation, Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal, Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya, Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories, Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission, Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials, Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

Read more here: » Pan Am Flight 103: Encyclopedia II - Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning

On December 7, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) issued a security bulletin saying that, on December 5, a man with an Arab accent had telephoned the U.S. Embassy in Helsinki, Finland, and had told them that a Pan Am flight from Frankfurt to the United States would be blown up within the next two weeks by someone associated with the Abu Nidal Organization. He said a Finnish woman would carry the bomb on board as ...

See also:

Pan Am Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers, Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning, Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones, Pan Am Flight 103 - Last contact with Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion, Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up, Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew, Pan Am Flight 103 - Lockerbie residents, Pan Am Flight 103 - Claims of responsibility, Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives, Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi, Pan Am Flight 103 - July 1988 downing of Iran Air 655, Pan Am Flight 103 - South-West Africa Namibia, Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation, Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal, Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya, Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories, Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission, Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials, Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

Read more here: » Pan Am Flight 103: Encyclopedia II - Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning

PA 103 had started as PA 103A at Frankfurt International Airport in Frankfurt, West Germany, operated by a Boeing 727 for the leg to Heathrow Airport in London, England. Forty-seven of the eighty-nine passengers on PA 103A changed aircraft there to a Boeing 747 which would continue the flight, thereafter called PA 103, on its journey to JFK in New York. The 747 had arrived at noon from San Francisco, and had been parked at stand K-14, guarded for two hours by Pan Am's security ...

See also:

Pan Am Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers, Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning, Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones, Pan Am Flight 103 - Last contact with Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion, Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up, Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew, Pan Am Flight 103 - Lockerbie residents, Pan Am Flight 103 - Claims of responsibility, Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives, Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi, Pan Am Flight 103 - July 1988 downing of Iran Air 655, Pan Am Flight 103 - South-West Africa Namibia, Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation, Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal, Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya, Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories, Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission, Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials, Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

Read more here: » Pan Am Flight 103: Encyclopedia II - Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers

PA 103 had started as PA 103A at Frankfurt International Airport in Frankfurt, West Germany, operated by a Boeing 727 for the leg to Heathrow Airport in London, England. Forty-seven of the eighty-nine passengers on PA 103A changed aircraft there to a Boeing 747 which would continue the flight, thereafter called PA 103, on its journey to JFK in New York. The 747 had arrived at noon from San Francisco, and had been parked at stand K-14, guarded for two hours by Pan Am's security ...

See also:

Pan Am Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers, Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning, Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones, Pan Am Flight 103 - Last contact with Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion, Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up, Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew, Pan Am Flight 103 - Lockerbie residents, Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives, Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi, Pan Am Flight 103 - July 1988 downing of Iran Air 655, Pan Am Flight 103 - South-West Africa Namibia, Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation, Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal, Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya, Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories, Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission, Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials, Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

Read more here: » Pan Am Flight 103: Encyclopedia II - Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers

There were three motives for the attack on PA 103. Two were obvious: Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi. On 15 April–16 April 1986, U.S. warplanes launched a series of military strikes from British bases called Operation El Dorado Canyon [11] [12] — the first U.S. military strikes from Britain since World War II — against Tripoli and Benghazi, Libya, in retaliation for the bombing 10 days earlier of a Berlin nightclub used by U.S. soldiers, which had killed three and injur ...

See also:

Pan Am Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers, Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning, Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones, Pan Am Flight 103 - Last contact with Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion, Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up, Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew, Pan Am Flight 103 - Lockerbie residents, Pan Am Flight 103 - Claims of responsibility, Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives, Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi, Pan Am Flight 103 - July 1988 downing of Iran Air 655, Pan Am Flight 103 - South-West Africa Namibia, Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation, Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal, Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya, Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories, Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission, Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials, Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

Read more here: » Pan Am Flight 103: Encyclopedia II - Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives

The fuselage of the aircraft was reconstructed by air accident investigators, revealing a 20-inch hole consistent with an explosion in the forward cargo hold. Examination of the baggage containers revealed that the container nearest the hole had blackening, pitting, and severe damage indicating a "high-energy event" had taken place inside it. A series of test explosions were carried out to confirm the precise location and quantity of explosive used. Fragments of a Samsonite suitcase believed to have contained the bomb were recovered, ...

See also:

Pan Am Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers, Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning, Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones, Pan Am Flight 103 - Last contact with Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion, Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up, Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew, Pan Am Flight 103 - Lockerbie residents, Pan Am Flight 103 - Claims of responsibility, Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives, Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi, Pan Am Flight 103 - July 1988 downing of Iran Air 655, Pan Am Flight 103 - South-West Africa Namibia, Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation, Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal, Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya, Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories, Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission, Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials, Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

Read more here: » Pan Am Flight 103: Encyclopedia II - Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation

According to a CIA analysis dated December 22, 1988 several groups were quick to claim responsibility in telephone calls in the United States and Europe: A male caller claimed that a group called the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution had destroyed the plane in retaliation for the US shootdown of an Iranian airliner last July. A caller claiming to represent the Islamic Jihad organization told ABC News in New York that the group had planted the bomb to commemorate Christmas. The Ulster Defense ...

See also:

Pan Am Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers, Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning, Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones, Pan Am Flight 103 - Last contact with Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion, Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up, Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew, Pan Am Flight 103 - Lockerbie residents, Pan Am Flight 103 - Claims of responsibility, Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives, Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi, Pan Am Flight 103 - July 1988 downing of Iran Air 655, Pan Am Flight 103 - South-West Africa Namibia, Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation, Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal, Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya, Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories, Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission, Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials, Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

Read more here: » Pan Am Flight 103: Encyclopedia II - Pan Am Flight 103 - Claims of responsibility

The explosion punched a 20 inch (0.5 m) wide hole, almost directly under the P in Pan Am, on the left side of the fuselage. The disintegration of the aircraft was rapid. Investigators from the Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) of the British Department of Transport concluded that the nose of the aircraft separated from the main section within three seconds of the explosion. The flight data recorder, a bright orange-colored recording device located in the tail section of the aircraft, was found in a field by police searchers wi ...

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Pan Am Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers, Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning, Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones, Pan Am Flight 103 - Last contact with Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion, Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up, Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew, Pan Am Flight 103 - Lockerbie residents, Pan Am Flight 103 - Claims of responsibility, Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives, Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi, Pan Am Flight 103 - July 1988 downing of Iran Air 655, Pan Am Flight 103 - South-West Africa Namibia, Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation, Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal, Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya, Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories, Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission, Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials, Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

Read more here: » Pan Am Flight 103: Encyclopedia II - Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up

On May 3, 2000 the trial of the two Libyans, Abdelbaset Ali Mohmed Al Megrahi and Lamin Khalifah Fhimah, accused of the 1988 PA 103 bombing, began. Megrahi was convicted of murder on January 31, 2001 and was sentenced to life imprisonment. His co-accused, Fhimah, was acquitted. Megrahi's appeal against conviction was rejected on March 14, 2002. His case is currently being reviewed by the Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission (SCCRC) which, by March/April 2006, is expected to conclude that there has been a miscarriage of justice and that ...

See also:

Pan Am Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers, Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning, Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones, Pan Am Flight 103 - Last contact with Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion, Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up, Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew, Pan Am Flight 103 - Lockerbie residents, Pan Am Flight 103 - Claims of responsibility, Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives, Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi, Pan Am Flight 103 - July 1988 downing of Iran Air 655, Pan Am Flight 103 - South-West Africa Namibia, Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation, Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal, Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya, Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories, Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission, Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials, Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

Read more here: » Pan Am Flight 103: Encyclopedia II - Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal

Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew. All 243 passengers and 16 crew members were killed. A Scottish Fatal Accident Inquiry, which opened on October 1, 1990, heard that, when the cockpit broke off, tornado-force winds would have torn through the fuselage, tearing clothes off passengers and turning objects like drink carts into lethal pieces of shrapnel. Because of the sudden change in air pressure, the gases inside the passengers would have expanded to four times their normal volume, causing their l ...

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Pan Am Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers, Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning, Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones, Pan Am Flight 103 - Last contact with Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion, Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up, Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew, Pan Am Flight 103 - Lockerbie residents, Pan Am Flight 103 - Claims of responsibility, Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives, Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi, Pan Am Flight 103 - July 1988 downing of Iran Air 655, Pan Am Flight 103 - South-West Africa Namibia, Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation, Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal, Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya, Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories, Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission, Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials, Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

Read more here: » Pan Am Flight 103: Encyclopedia II - Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims

On May 29, 2002 Libya offered $2.7 billion to settle claims by the families of the 270 killed in the Pan Am 103 bombing, representing $10 million per family. The Libyan offer meant that 40% of the money would be released when United Nations sanctions were lifted, another 40% when US trade sanctions were lifted, and the final 20% when the US State Department removed Libya from its list of states sponsoring terrorism. Jim Kreindler of New York law firm, Kreindler & Kreindler, which orchestrated the settlement, said: "Th ...

See also:

Pan Am Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers, Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning, Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones, Pan Am Flight 103 - Last contact with Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion, Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up, Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew, Pan Am Flight 103 - Lockerbie residents, Pan Am Flight 103 - Claims of responsibility, Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives, Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi, Pan Am Flight 103 - July 1988 downing of Iran Air 655, Pan Am Flight 103 - South-West Africa Namibia, Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation, Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal, Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya, Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories, Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission, Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials, Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

Read more here: » Pan Am Flight 103: Encyclopedia II - Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya

The fuselage of the aircraft was reconstructed by air accident investigators, revealing a 20-inch hole consistent with an explosion in the forward cargo hold. Examination of the baggage containers revealed that the container nearest the hole had blackening, pitting, and severe damage indicating a "high-energy event" had taken place inside it. A series of test explosions were carried out to confirm the precise location and quantity of explosive used. Fragments of a Samsonite suitcase believed to have contained the bomb were recovered, ...

See also:

Pan Am Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers, Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning, Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones, Pan Am Flight 103 - Last contact with Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion, Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up, Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew, Pan Am Flight 103 - Lockerbie residents, Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives, Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi, Pan Am Flight 103 - July 1988 downing of Iran Air 655, Pan Am Flight 103 - South-West Africa Namibia, Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation, Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal, Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya, Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories, Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission, Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials, Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

Read more here: » Pan Am Flight 103: Encyclopedia II - Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation

On May 3, 2000 the trial of the two Libyans, Abdelbaset Ali Mohmed Al Megrahi and Lamin Khalifah Fhimah, accused of the 1988 PA 103 bombing, began. Megrahi was convicted of murder on January 31, 2001 and was sentenced to life imprisonment. His co-accused, Fhimah, was acquitted. Megrahi's appeal against conviction was rejected on March 14, 2002. His case is currently being reviewed by the Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission (SCCRC) which, by March/April 2006, is expected to conclude that there has been a miscarriage of justice and that ...

See also:

Pan Am Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers, Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning, Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones, Pan Am Flight 103 - Last contact with Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion, Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up, Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew, Pan Am Flight 103 - Lockerbie residents, Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives, Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi, Pan Am Flight 103 - July 1988 downing of Iran Air 655, Pan Am Flight 103 - South-West Africa Namibia, Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation, Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal, Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya, Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories, Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission, Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials, Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

Read more here: » Pan Am Flight 103: Encyclopedia II - Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal

Two controversial PA 103 topics appear in this sub-article: Reopening the case The framing of Libya and seven alternative theories, which dispute the guilt of Megrahi and/or the responsibility of Libya for the PA 103 bombing, are examined in some detail: CIA in Lockerbie Iran, the PFLP-GC, and operation Autumn Leaves Iran and the London angle Libya and Abu Nidal CIA-protected suitcase theory See also:

Pan Am Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers, Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning, Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones, Pan Am Flight 103 - Last contact with Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion, Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up, Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew, Pan Am Flight 103 - Lockerbie residents, Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives, Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi, Pan Am Flight 103 - July 1988 downing of Iran Air 655, Pan Am Flight 103 - South-West Africa Namibia, Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation, Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal, Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya, Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories, Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission, Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials, Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

Read more here: » Pan Am Flight 103: Encyclopedia II - Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories

A 1990 HBO made-for-TV movie, The Tragedy of Flight 103: The Inside Story, depicts the events leading up to the bombing. [19] Aftermath depicted in the stage play "The Women of Lockerbie" by Deborah Brevoort was awarded the silver medal in the Onassis International Playwriting Competition in 2001. ...

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Pan Am Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers, Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning, Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones, Pan Am Flight 103 - Last contact with Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion, Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up, Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew, Pan Am Flight 103 - Lockerbie residents, Pan Am Flight 103 - Claims of responsibility, Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives, Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi, Pan Am Flight 103 - July 1988 downing of Iran Air 655, Pan Am Flight 103 - South-West Africa Namibia, Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation, Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal, Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya, Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories, Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission, Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials, Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

Read more here: » Pan Am Flight 103: Encyclopedia II - Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

There are a number of private and public memorials to the PA 103 victims. Dark Elegy is the work of sculptor Susan Lowenstein of Long Island, whose son Alexander, then 21, was a passenger on the flight. The work consists of 43 statues of the naked wives and mothers who lost a husband or a child. Inside each sculpture there is a personal memento of the victim. [18] U.S. President Bill Clinton dedicated a memorial to the victims at Arlington National Cemetery on November 3, 1995, and there are similar memorials at Syracuse University; Dryfesdale Cemetery, near ...

See also:

Pan Am Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers, Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning, Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones, Pan Am Flight 103 - Last contact with Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion, Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up, Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew, Pan Am Flight 103 - Lockerbie residents, Pan Am Flight 103 - Claims of responsibility, Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives, Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi, Pan Am Flight 103 - July 1988 downing of Iran Air 655, Pan Am Flight 103 - South-West Africa Namibia, Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation, Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal, Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya, Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories, Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission, Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials, Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

Read more here: » Pan Am Flight 103: Encyclopedia II - Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials

Two controversial PA 103 topics appear in this sub-article: Reopening the case The framing of Libya and seven alternative theories, which dispute the guilt of Megrahi and/or the responsibility of Libya for the PA 103 bombing, are examined in some detail: CIA in Lockerbie Iran, the PFLP-GC, and operation Autumn Leaves Iran and the London angle Libya and Abu Nidal CIA-protected suitcase theory See also:

Pan Am Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers, Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning, Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones, Pan Am Flight 103 - Last contact with Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion, Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up, Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew, Pan Am Flight 103 - Lockerbie residents, Pan Am Flight 103 - Claims of responsibility, Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives, Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi, Pan Am Flight 103 - July 1988 downing of Iran Air 655, Pan Am Flight 103 - South-West Africa Namibia, Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation, Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal, Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya, Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories, Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission, Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials, Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

Read more here: » Pan Am Flight 103: Encyclopedia II - Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories

On September 29, 1989, President Bush appointed Ann McLaughlin Korologos, former Secretary of Labor, as chairman of the President's Commission on Aviation Security and Terrorism (PCAST) to review and report on aviation security policy in the light of the sabotage of flight PA 103. Mrs Korologos and the PCAST team (Senator Alfonse D'Amato, Senator Frank Lautenberg, Representative John Paul Hammerschmidt, Representative James Oberstar, General Thomas Richards, deputy commander of U.S. forces in Germany, and Edward Hidalgo, former Secretary of ...

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Pan Am Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers, Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning, Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones, Pan Am Flight 103 - Last contact with Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion, Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up, Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew, Pan Am Flight 103 - Lockerbie residents, Pan Am Flight 103 - Claims of responsibility, Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives, Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi, Pan Am Flight 103 - July 1988 downing of Iran Air 655, Pan Am Flight 103 - South-West Africa Namibia, Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation, Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal, Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya, Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories, Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission, Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials, Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

Read more here: » Pan Am Flight 103: Encyclopedia II - Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission

At 19:01, Topp watched Flight 103 approach the corner of the Solway Firth, and at 19:02, it crossed its northern coast. The aircraft appeared as a small green square with a cross at its center showing its transponder code or "squawk" — 0357 310 68546.9. The code gave Topp information about the time and height of the plane: the last code he saw for the Clipper told him it was flying at 31,000 ft (9400 m) on a heading of 316 degrees magnetic, and at a speed of 313 knots (580 km/h) calibrated air speed. It was 46.9 seconds past 19:02. Subsequ ...

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Pan Am Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers, Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning, Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones, Pan Am Flight 103 - Last contact with Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion, Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up, Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew, Pan Am Flight 103 - Lockerbie residents, Pan Am Flight 103 - Claims of responsibility, Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives, Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi, Pan Am Flight 103 - July 1988 downing of Iran Air 655, Pan Am Flight 103 - South-West Africa Namibia, Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation, Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal, Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya, Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories, Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission, Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials, Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

Read more here: » Pan Am Flight 103: Encyclopedia II - Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion

A number of stories emerged after the bombing of people with reservations on PA 103 who missed the flight. The Four Tops were returning to the States for Christmas, but were late getting out of a recording session. Angry at being too late to catch the flight, they were arguing about it when they heard it had exploded (ABC News Prime Time Live, November 30, 1989). Former Sex Pistol John Lydon and his wife, Nora, also had a narrow escape. "Nora and I should have been dead," he told the Scottish Sunday Mirror. "We on ...

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Pan Am Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers, Pan Am Flight 103 - The Helsinki warning, Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones, Pan Am Flight 103 - Last contact with Flight 103, Pan Am Flight 103 - The explosion, Pan Am Flight 103 - How the aircraft broke up, Pan Am Flight 103 - The victims, Pan Am Flight 103 - The passengers and crew, Pan Am Flight 103 - Lockerbie residents, Pan Am Flight 103 - Claims of responsibility, Pan Am Flight 103 - Motives, Pan Am Flight 103 - April 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi, Pan Am Flight 103 - July 1988 downing of Iran Air 655, Pan Am Flight 103 - South-West Africa Namibia, Pan Am Flight 103 - The investigation, Pan Am Flight 103 - The trial and appeal, Pan Am Flight 103 - Compensation from Libya, Pan Am Flight 103 - Seven alternative theories, Pan Am Flight 103 - Epilogue from the President's Commission, Pan Am Flight 103 - Memorials, Pan Am Flight 103 - Depictions in Media

Read more here: » Pan Am Flight 103: Encyclopedia II - Pan Am Flight 103 - The lucky ones