Palmach

A Semitic speaking culture followed the Ghassulian culture. Archaeologists refer to the culture as Canaanite. This usage differs from that of the Bible and related literature where the term is used in a more narrow sense for one group within the culture. Some historians regard it as part of a wave of migration of semitic-speaking peoples out of the Arabian Peninsula, while others suggest that they ...

See also:

History of Palestine, History of Palestine - Prehistoric times, History of Palestine - Canaanite and Israelite Period, History of Palestine - Persian Hellenistic and Roman Period, History of Palestine - Byzantines to the Ottomans Period, History of Palestine - The British Mandate period, History of Palestine - Post-Mandate, History of Palestine - Intifada Separation Barrier Road Map

Read more here: » History of Palestine: Encyclopedia II - History of Palestine - Canaanite and Israelite Period

Cyrus II of Persia conquered the Babylonian Empire by 539 BCE and incorporated Palestine into the Persian Empire. Cyrus organized the empire into provincial administrations called satrapies. The administrators of these provinces, called satraps, had considerable independence from the emperor. The Persians allowed Jews to return to the regions that the Bablyonians had exiled them from. The exiled Jews who returned to their traditional home encountered the Jews that had remained, surrounded by non-Jews. One group of note (that ex ...

See also:

History of Palestine, History of Palestine - Prehistoric times, History of Palestine - Canaanite and Israelite Period, History of Palestine - Persian Hellenistic and Roman Period, History of Palestine - Byzantines to the Ottomans Period, History of Palestine - The British Mandate period, History of Palestine - Post-Mandate, History of Palestine - Intifada Separation Barrier Road Map

Read more here: » History of Palestine: Encyclopedia II - History of Palestine - Persian Hellenistic and Roman Period

Among those killed was Dr. Chaim Yassky, the Director of the hospital and Dr. Moshe Ben-David, who was to be the Director of a new medical school at the hospital (the medical school would eventually be built at Hebrew University in the 1950s). After the attack, no convoys were able to reach the hospital for a week due to continued attacks on the road, and despite British assurances of assistance. The situation in the compound became grim, and the decision was made to evacuate the hospital in early May, leaving a staff of a couple hund ...

See also:

Hadassah medical convoy massacre, Hadassah medical convoy massacre - The Blockade of Mount Scopus, Hadassah medical convoy massacre - The Attack, Hadassah medical convoy massacre - Aftermath, Hadassah medical convoy massacre - Notes

Read more here: » Hadassah medical convoy massacre: Encyclopedia II - Hadassah medical convoy massacre - Aftermath

By 1939 Hashomer Hatzair had 70,000 members worldwide. The movement's base was in Eastern Europe. With the advent of World War II and the Holocaust members of Hashomer Hatzair changed their focus from settlement in Palestine to resistance against the Nazis. Mordechaj Anielewicz, the leader of Hashomer Hatzair's Warsaw branch, became head of the Jewish Fighting Organization and one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Other members of the movement were involved in Jewish resistance and rescue in Hungary, Lithuania, Slovakia. The leaders of Hashomer Hatzair in Ro ...

See also:

Hashomer Hatzair, Hashomer Hatzair - Early formation, Hashomer Hatzair - Growth and the Holocaust, Hashomer Hatzair - Hashomer Hatzair Today, Hashomer Hatzair - Australia, Hashomer Hatzair - USA and Canada, Hashomer Hatzair - Israel

Read more here: » Hashomer Hatzair: Encyclopedia II - Hashomer Hatzair - Growth and the Holocaust

Today, Hashomer Hatzair remains as a youth movement operating internationally. In Europe, Latin America and Australia, Hashomer Hatzair organizes regular activities and camps (machanot) for the youth. Activities are still relatively ideological, but have over time been adapted to the needs of modern communities, vastly different from those context in which Hashomer Hatzair was created. Hashomer Hatzair - Australia. The movement in Australia is located in Melbourne and was established in 1954 as a break awa ...

See also:

Hashomer Hatzair, Hashomer Hatzair - Early formation, Hashomer Hatzair - Growth and the Holocaust, Hashomer Hatzair - Hashomer Hatzair Today, Hashomer Hatzair - Australia, Hashomer Hatzair - USA and Canada, Hashomer Hatzair - Israel

Read more here: » Hashomer Hatzair: Encyclopedia II - Hashomer Hatzair - Hashomer Hatzair Today

The Etzion Bloc became a symbol of Zionist heroism and martyrdom among Israelis immediately after its fall, and this importance continues. The date of the massacre was enshrined as Israel's Day of Remembrance. The site of the Etzion Bloc was captured by Israel during the 1967 war. The children who had been evacuated from the Bloc in 1948 led a public campaign for the Bloc to be resettled, and Prime Minister Levi Eshkol gave his approval. Kfar Etzion was re-established as a kibbutz in September 1967, as the first Israeli settlement in the West Bank aft ...

See also:

Kfar Etzion massacre, Kfar Etzion massacre - Background, Kfar Etzion massacre - The Massacre, Kfar Etzion massacre - The aftermath, Kfar Etzion massacre - Sources

Read more here: » Kfar Etzion massacre: Encyclopedia II - Kfar Etzion massacre - The aftermath

The following is a very partial list that does not refer to any reserve forces. Israel Defense Forces - High command General Staff. The IDF falls under the command of a single general staff. The Chief of the General Staff (Hebrew acronym: רמטכ"ל, pronounced: Ramatkal) has the rank of (Lieutenant) General (in Hebrew: רב אלוף, pronounced: "Rav Aluf") and is the high commander of the IDF. He reports directly to the Defense minister and indirectly to the Prime Minister of Israel and it ...

See also:

Israel Defense Forces, Israel Defense Forces - History, Israel Defense Forces - Overview, Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower, Israel Defense Forces - Expenditures and alliances, Israel Defense Forces - Military structure, Israel Defense Forces - High command General Staff, Israel Defense Forces - Ground forces, Israel Defense Forces - Air force, Israel Defense Forces - Navy, Israel Defense Forces - Military intelligence, Israel Defense Forces - Support, Israel Defense Forces - Regional commands, Israel Defense Forces - Related organisations, Israel Defense Forces - Israeli military technology, Israel Defense Forces - Main Israeli developments, Israel Defense Forces - Specific weapon systems, Israel Defense Forces - Nuclear capability, Israel Defense Forces - Israel Defence Forces Ranks, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Values of the Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct against terrorists, Israel Defense Forces - Counterterrorism tactics, Israel Defense Forces - Targeted killing, Israel Defense Forces - House demolitions, Israel Defense Forces - Related IDF articles, Israel Defense Forces - General related articles

Read more here: » Israel Defense Forces: Encyclopedia II - Israel Defense Forces - Military structure

The Israel Defense Forces has four enlisted ranks, 5 non-commissioned officer ranks, 2 academic officer and 9 officer ranks. Unlike most world armies, these ranks are common for all corps in the IDF, including the air force and navy. Enlisted personnel sew their ranks to their sleeves, while officers and NCOs wear them on their shoulders. ...

See also:

Israel Defense Forces, Israel Defense Forces - History, Israel Defense Forces - Overview, Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower, Israel Defense Forces - Expenditures and alliances, Israel Defense Forces - Military structure, Israel Defense Forces - High command General Staff, Israel Defense Forces - Ground forces, Israel Defense Forces - Air force, Israel Defense Forces - Navy, Israel Defense Forces - Military intelligence, Israel Defense Forces - Support, Israel Defense Forces - Regional commands, Israel Defense Forces - Related organisations, Israel Defense Forces - Israeli military technology, Israel Defense Forces - Main Israeli developments, Israel Defense Forces - Specific weapon systems, Israel Defense Forces - Nuclear capability, Israel Defense Forces - Israel Defence Forces Ranks, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Values of the Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct against terrorists, Israel Defense Forces - Counterterrorism tactics, Israel Defense Forces - Targeted killing, Israel Defense Forces - House demolitions, Israel Defense Forces - Related IDF articles, Israel Defense Forces - General related articles

Read more here: » Israel Defense Forces: Encyclopedia II - Israel Defense Forces - Israel Defence Forces Ranks

List of Russian Jews - Natural scientists. Alexei Abrikosov, physicist, Nobel Prize (2003) (Jewish mother) Georgy Adelson-Velsky, mathematician (unconfirmed Jewish ancestry) Ilya Frank, physicist, Nobel Prize (1958) (Jewish father) Alexander Alexandrovich Friedman, physicist Vitaly Ginzburg, physicist, Nobel Prize (2003) Alex Gurevich, physicist Lev Landau, physicist, Nobel Prize (1962) Grigory Landsberg, physicist, Yakov Frenkel ...

See also:

List of Russian Jews, List of Russian Jews - Historical figures, List of Russian Jews - Politicians, List of Russian Jews - Soldiers, List of Russian Jews - Other, List of Russian Jews - Scientists, List of Russian Jews - Natural scientists, List of Russian Jews - Social scientists, List of Russian Jews - Cultural figures, List of Russian Jews - Musicians, List of Russian Jews - Comedians, List of Russian Jews - Artists, List of Russian Jews - Authors and poets, List of Russian Jews - Business figures, List of Russian Jews - Entrepreneurs, List of Russian Jews - Oligarchs, List of Russian Jews - Sport figures, List of Russian Jews - Chess, List of Russian Jews - Other sports

Read more here: » List of Russian Jews: Encyclopedia II - List of Russian Jews - Scientists

The Allied offensive, also known as Operation Exporter, was aimed at preventing Nazi Germany from using Vichy territory as a springboard for attacks on the Allied stronghold of Egypt, as the Allies fought a major campaign against Axis forces further west, in North Africa. The Vichy high commissioner for the region, General Henri Dentz had allowed Luftwaffe planes to refuel in Syria during May 1941, en route to Iraq. There was a threat of Axis support for anti-British parties in Iraq, thus endan ...

See also:

Syria-Lebanon campaign, Syria-Lebanon campaign - Causes, Syria-Lebanon campaign - The balance of forces, Syria-Lebanon campaign - The campaign, Syria-Lebanon campaign - Casualties, Syria-Lebanon campaign - Other points

Read more here: » Syria-Lebanon campaign: Encyclopedia II - Syria-Lebanon campaign - Causes

The main access route to Tel Aviv is Ayalon Highway, which goes through the city - north to south - on Ayalon River route, which had been ordered between the 2 lanes. Tel Aviv has 4 railroad stations along the Ayalon Highway. The stops are from north to south: Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv Merkaz (Tel Aviv Central Train Station, near Masof 2000 Bus terminal), Tel Aviv Hashalom (near Azrieli Center shopping mall) and Tel Aviv Hahaganah (near the Tel Aviv Central Bus Station). It is estimated that about 1 million people use the train from Rishon LeZion, Rehovot, and P ...

See also:

Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv - Origin of the name, Tel Aviv - History, Tel Aviv - Culture, Tel Aviv - Sports, Tel Aviv - Transportation, Tel Aviv - Statistics, Tel Aviv - Mayors of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv - Twin cities, Tel Aviv - Footnote

Read more here: » Tel Aviv: Encyclopedia II - Tel Aviv - Transportation

After his retirement from the army, on April 1983, Eitan entered politics. He had the image of the sabra Israeli who connected to his roots and to the land. His background in agriculture and hobbies such as wood work and flight contributed to this image, which attracted many in the Israeli public. Eitan was considered to be a conservative advocating repressive policies toward the Palestinians. On April 12, 1983 Eitan told Israel Radio that Palestinians who endanger cars on the road should be treated aggressively and their freedom of movement should be narrowed until they ...

See also:

Rafael Eitan, Rafael Eitan - Military career, Rafael Eitan - Early battles, Rafael Eitan - Chief of Staff, Rafael Eitan - Lebanon War, Rafael Eitan - Political career, Rafael Eitan - Death, Rafael Eitan - Books

Read more here: » Rafael Eitan: Encyclopedia II - Rafael Eitan - Political career

Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, the League of Nations granted the British and the French temporary colonial administration over former Ottoman provinces south of present day Turkey. These regions had been called vilayets under the Ottomans, but were referred to as mandates at the time, after the process that allocated them. The two powers drew arbitrary borders, dividing the area into four sections. Three of these -- Iraq, ...

See also:

1948 Arab-Israeli War, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Background, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - The Great Arab Revolt and Its Aftermath, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Yishuv/British Security and Intelligence Collaboration, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - The End of Colonial Rule, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Amin al-Husayni, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Phases of the War, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - First phase: November 29 1947 - April 1 1948, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Second phase: April 1 1948 - May 15 1948, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Third phase: May 15 1948 - June 11 1948, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - First truce: June 11 1948 - July 8 1948, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Fourth phase: July 8 1948 - July 18 1948, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Second truce: July 18 1948 - October 15 1948, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Fifth phase: October 15 1948 - July 20 1949, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Aftermath, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - 1949 Armistice Agreements, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Casualties, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Demographic outcome, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Footnotes

Read more here: » 1948 Arab-Israeli War: Encyclopedia II - 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Background

Battle of the River Litani Battle of Kissoué Battle of Merdjayoun Battle of Jezzine Battle of Damascus (1941) Battle of Palmrya Battle of Damour Battle of Beirut (1941) Dentz surrendered at Acre on July 12. ...

See also:

Syria-Lebanon campaign, Syria-Lebanon campaign - Causes, Syria-Lebanon campaign - The balance of forces, Syria-Lebanon campaign - The campaign, Syria-Lebanon campaign - Casualties, Syria-Lebanon campaign - Other points

Read more here: » Syria-Lebanon campaign: Encyclopedia II - Syria-Lebanon campaign - The campaign

Tel Aviv University (TAU) is the largest university in Israel. TAU has an excellent reputation internationally, mostly famous for its physics, computer science and chemistry departments. There are many cultural centers in Tel Aviv, including the Opera House and the Culture Hall (with a 3,000 seat concert hall). Tel Aviv also has many theatre companies and theatre halls, HaBima ("The Stage") is the most recognized. Tel Aviv has many museums and art galleries. The Eretz Israel Museum is known for its rich collection ...

See also:

Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv - Origin of the name, Tel Aviv - History, Tel Aviv - Culture, Tel Aviv - Sports, Tel Aviv - Transportation, Tel Aviv - Statistics, Tel Aviv - Mayors of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv - Twin cities, Tel Aviv - Footnote

Read more here: » Tel Aviv: Encyclopedia II - Tel Aviv - Culture

The settlement in the area of modern southern Tel Aviv (the neighbourhoods of Neve Shalom and Neve Tsedek) was started in the 1880s as a substitute for the rather expensive Arab neighbourhoods of Jaffa. However the city of Tel Aviv itself was established only in 1909 as Ahuzat Bayit and was later renamed to Tel Aviv. At its founding, Tel Aviv was intended only to be a suburb, a bedroom community, with the workers commuting to Jaffa. However, a dispute broke out between the Jews of Tel Aviv and the Arabs of Jaffa in 1921 or thereabouts, which ...

See also:

Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv - Origin of the name, Tel Aviv - History, Tel Aviv - Culture, Tel Aviv - Sports, Tel Aviv - Transportation, Tel Aviv - Statistics, Tel Aviv - Mayors of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv - Twin cities, Tel Aviv - Footnote

Read more here: » Tel Aviv: Encyclopedia II - Tel Aviv - History

Among the people involved in the campaign was Moshe Dayan, later an Israeli general, who lost an eye while serving as an interpreter with an Australian unit. Dayan received the Military Cross for his actions in the campaign. ...

See also:

Syria-Lebanon campaign, Syria-Lebanon campaign - Causes, Syria-Lebanon campaign - The balance of forces, Syria-Lebanon campaign - The campaign, Syria-Lebanon campaign - Casualties, Syria-Lebanon campaign - Other points

Read more here: » Syria-Lebanon campaign: Encyclopedia II - Syria-Lebanon campaign - Other points

1948 Arab-Israeli War - 1949 Armistice Agreements. In 1949, Israel signed separate armistices with Egypt on February 24, Lebanon on March 23, Transjordan on April 3, and Syria on July 20. Israel was generally able to create its own borders, comprising 78 percent of Mandatory Palestine, 50 percent more than the UN partition proposal allotted it. These cease-fire lines were known afterwards as the "Green Line". The Gaza Strip and the West Bank were occupied by Egypt and Transjordan respectively. < ...

See also:

1948 Arab-Israeli War, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Background, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - The Great Arab Revolt and Its Aftermath, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Yishuv/British Security and Intelligence Collaboration, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - The End of Colonial Rule, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Amin al-Husayni, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Phases of the War, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - First phase: November 29 1947 - April 1 1948, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Second phase: April 1 1948 - May 15 1948, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Third phase: May 15 1948 - June 11 1948, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - First truce: June 11 1948 - July 8 1948, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Fourth phase: July 8 1948 - July 18 1948, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Second truce: July 18 1948 - October 15 1948, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Fifth phase: October 15 1948 - July 20 1949, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Aftermath, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - 1949 Armistice Agreements, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Casualties, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Demographic outcome, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Footnotes

Read more here: » 1948 Arab-Israeli War: Encyclopedia II - 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Aftermath

He was active in Mapam. After the Six-Day War, similarly to the songwriter Naomi Shemer, he changed his political leaning. He became one of the creators of the Movement for Greater Israel (eretz israel ha-shleima, literally "Whole Land of Israel"), a part of the La'am faction in Likud. After the realignments of 1977 they selected him for the ninth Knesset (1977-1981). He was among the founders of the "Bnai" faction (acronym for a phrase meaning "union of Eretz-Israel faithful") that opposed the Camp David Accords (1978). In late 1979, after the Israel-Egypt peace treaty, he withdrew from Likud and wa ...

See also:

Moshe Shamir, Moshe Shamir - Author Playwright and Opinion Writer, Moshe Shamir - Political activity, Moshe Shamir - Works published in English translation

Read more here: » Moshe Shamir: Encyclopedia II - Moshe Shamir - Political activity

List of Russian Jews - Entrepreneurs. Sergey Brin, co-founder of Google Maurice Greenberg, founder of Coleco Michael Kogan, founder of Taito Morris Markin, founder of Checker Cab Rose & Morris Michtom, creators of the Teddy Bear (Russian parents) List of Russian Jews - Oligarchs. Roman Abramovich, billionaire, owner of Chelsea F.C. Boris Berezovsky, exiled ex-billionaire Mikhail Fridman, billionaireSee also:

List of Russian Jews, List of Russian Jews - Historical figures, List of Russian Jews - Politicians, List of Russian Jews - Soldiers, List of Russian Jews - Other, List of Russian Jews - Scientists, List of Russian Jews - Natural scientists, List of Russian Jews - Social scientists, List of Russian Jews - Cultural figures, List of Russian Jews - Musicians, List of Russian Jews - Comedians, List of Russian Jews - Artists, List of Russian Jews - Authors and poets, List of Russian Jews - Business figures, List of Russian Jews - Entrepreneurs, List of Russian Jews - Oligarchs, List of Russian Jews - Sport figures, List of Russian Jews - Chess, List of Russian Jews - Other sports

Read more here: » List of Russian Jews: Encyclopedia II - List of Russian Jews - Business figures

List of Russian Jews - Musicians. Lera Auerbach, composer Vladimir Ashkenazi, pianist (Jewish father) Yefim Bronfman, pianist Rudolf Barshai, conductor Yuri Bashmet, violist Lazar Berman, pianist Vladimir Feltsman, pianist George Gershwin, composer Grigory Ginsburg, pianist Natalia Gutman, cellist Oleg Kagan, violinist Evgeny Kissin, pianist Josef Lhévinne, pianist Andrei Makarevich, singer/ ...

See also:

List of Russian Jews, List of Russian Jews - Historical figures, List of Russian Jews - Politicians, List of Russian Jews - Soldiers, List of Russian Jews - Other, List of Russian Jews - Scientists, List of Russian Jews - Natural scientists, List of Russian Jews - Social scientists, List of Russian Jews - Cultural figures, List of Russian Jews - Musicians, List of Russian Jews - Comedians, List of Russian Jews - Artists, List of Russian Jews - Authors and poets, List of Russian Jews - Business figures, List of Russian Jews - Entrepreneurs, List of Russian Jews - Oligarchs, List of Russian Jews - Sport figures, List of Russian Jews - Chess, List of Russian Jews - Other sports

Read more here: » List of Russian Jews: Encyclopedia II - List of Russian Jews - Cultural figures

Tel Aviv holds some of the top sports teams in Israel, and in one case even in the world. Tel Aviv is the only city ever to have 3 clubs in the Israeli football premier league. Maccabi Tel Aviv Sports Club was founded in 1906 and houses over 10 sports, such as Maccabi Tel Aviv basketball club (45 times Israeli champion, 35 times Israeli cup holder and 5 times European Champions cup holder), Maccabi Tel Aviv FC soccer club (18 times Israeli champion, 22 times Israeli cup holder, twice Israeli Toto cup holder and twice Asia cup holder), and a Judo club (Yael Arad of Maccabi Tel Aviv won a silver medal in the 1992 ...

See also:

Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv - Origin of the name, Tel Aviv - History, Tel Aviv - Culture, Tel Aviv - Sports, Tel Aviv - Transportation, Tel Aviv - Statistics, Tel Aviv - Mayors of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv - Twin cities, Tel Aviv - Footnote

Read more here: » Tel Aviv: Encyclopedia II - Tel Aviv - Sports