Palmach

The predecessor of Haganah was Ha-Shomer (The Guild of Watchman) established in 1909. It was a small group of Jewish immigrants who guarded settlements for an annual fee. At no time did the group have more than 100 members. After the Arab riots of 1920 and 1921, the Jewish leadership believed that the British had no desire to confront the Arabs over the attacks on Jews in Palestine, and created the Haganah to protect their farmers and settlements. The role of the Haganah was to guard the Jewish Kibbutzim and farms, to warn the residen ...

See also:

Haganah, Haganah - Origins, Haganah - World War II participation, Haganah - After the war

Read more here: » Haganah: Encyclopedia II - Haganah - Origins

Hashomer Hatzair came into being as a result of the merger of two groups, Hashomer ("The Guard") a Zionist scouting group, and Ze'irei Zion ("The Youth of Zion") which was an ideological circle that studied Zionism, left wing socialism and Jewish history. Hashomer Hatzair is the oldest Zionist youth movement still in existence. Initially Marxist-Zionist, the movement was influenced by the ideas of Ber Borochov and Gustav Wyneken as well as Baden-Powell and the German Wandervogel movement. Hashomer Hatzair believed that the libe ...

See also:

Hashomer Hatzair, Hashomer Hatzair - Early formation, Hashomer Hatzair - Growth and the Holocaust, Hashomer Hatzair - Hashomer Hatzair Today, Hashomer Hatzair - Australia, Hashomer Hatzair - USA and Canada, Hashomer Hatzair - Israel

Read more here: » Hashomer Hatzair: Encyclopedia II - Hashomer Hatzair - Early formation

Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower. National military service is compulsory for Jewish men and women over the age of 17, although exemptions may be made on religious, physical, pacifist or psychological grounds (see Profile 21). The fact that an increasing number of men in the Haredi community are exempt has been a source of tension in Israeli society. Men serve three years in the IDF, as do the women in combat positions, while women in non-combat positions serve two. The IDF requi ...

See also:

Israel Defense Forces, Israel Defense Forces - History, Israel Defense Forces - Overview, Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower, Israel Defense Forces - Expenditures and alliances, Israel Defense Forces - Military structure, Israel Defense Forces - High command General Staff, Israel Defense Forces - Ground forces, Israel Defense Forces - Air force, Israel Defense Forces - Navy, Israel Defense Forces - Military intelligence, Israel Defense Forces - Support, Israel Defense Forces - Regional commands, Israel Defense Forces - Related organisations, Israel Defense Forces - Israeli military technology, Israel Defense Forces - Main Israeli developments, Israel Defense Forces - Specific weapon systems, Israel Defense Forces - Nuclear capability, Israel Defense Forces - Israel Defence Forces Ranks, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Values of the Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct against terrorists, Israel Defense Forces - Counterterrorism tactics, Israel Defense Forces - Targeted killing, Israel Defense Forces - House demolitions, Israel Defense Forces - Related IDF articles, Israel Defense Forces - General related articles

Read more here: » Israel Defense Forces: Encyclopedia II - Israel Defense Forces - Overview

The Israeli Engineering Corps ( IEC חה"ן ) are based upon the sabotage unit of the Palmach and the tractors operators units of the Israeli War of Independence. In the first years, the IEC drew their soldiers mainly from Jews who served in the British Royal Engineers. The IEC have record of great professional achievements and breaking-through decorations. The Engineering Corps' most famous operation is the breaching of the Suez Canal in Yom Kippur War. Is ...

See also:

Israeli Engineering Corps, Israeli Engineering Corps - Roles, Israeli Engineering Corps - History, Israeli Engineering Corps - In the Israeli wars, Israeli Engineering Corps - The October 2000 Lebanon abduction, Israeli Engineering Corps - The al-Aqsa Intifada

Read more here: » Israeli Engineering Corps: Encyclopedia II - Israeli Engineering Corps - History

The main strength of the book is its vivid description of different people and the conflicts in their lives. As in several of Uris's novels, some of the fictional characters are partially based upon one or more historical personages, or act as metaphors for the various peoples who helped to build modern Israel. Exodus novel - Ari Ben Canaan. The character around whom the story is woven. Ben Canaan was born and raised on a kibbutz, but goes on to become one of the mainstays of the Israeli freedom movement. ...

See also:

Exodus novel, Exodus novel - Main Characters, Exodus novel - Ari Ben Canaan, Exodus novel - Katherine Kitty Fremont, Exodus novel - Bruce Sutherland, Exodus novel - Karen Hansen Clement, Exodus novel - Dov Landau, Exodus novel - Jordana Ben Canaan peripheral character, Exodus novel - Criticisms

Read more here: » Exodus novel: Encyclopedia II - Exodus novel - Main Characters

Zeevi's most bitter political enemy was Likud Knesset Member and one-time Jerusalem Mayor Ehud Olmert, though their mutual hatred had no connection with their views on state policy. In 1975, the young Olmert called a press conference declaring that he had a list of organize crime figures in the capital that he would recommend for investigation. One was a businessman who had been under Zeevi's command during his military service named Betzalel Mizrahi. The allegations soon included a literal accusation of Zeevi's protection of Mizrahi and oth ...

See also:

Rehavam Zeevi, Rehavam Zeevi - Obscured Legacy, Rehavam Zeevi - Oddities, Rehavam Zeevi - Footnotes

Read more here: » Rehavam Zeevi: Encyclopedia II - Rehavam Zeevi - Obscured Legacy

Habis Al-Majali - Early Career. Habis joined the Arab Legion in 1932, and soon impressed Glubb Pasha. Despite acquiring modern skills, he never lost his Bedouin elan. King Hussein's biographer, James Lunt, dubbed him the grand seigneur of Karak and beau sabreur of the army. Habis Pasha was the only Arab commander to win military victories against Israelis, Palestinians and Syrians alike. His baptism of fire came during the first Arab-Israeli war, when he successfully defended the town of Latrun ...

See also:

Habis Al-Majali, Habis Al-Majali - Life and Career, Habis Al-Majali - Early Career, Habis Al-Majali - In the Stability of Jordan, Habis Al-Majali - Personal, Habis Al-Majali - The Majalis, Habis Al-Majali - Sources

Read more here: » Habis Al-Majali: Encyclopedia II - Habis Al-Majali - Life and Career

The predecessor of Haganah was the HaShomer (Guild of Watchman) established in 1909. It was a small group of Jewish immigrants who guarded settlements for an annual fee. At no time did the group have more than 100 members. After the Arab riots of 1920 and 1921, the Jewish leadership decided that their farmers and settlements need protection from the Arabs. They believed that the British had no desire to confront the Arabs over the attacks on Jews in Palestine. The role of the Haganah was to guard the Jewish Kibbutzim and farms, to war ...

See also:

Haganah, Haganah - Origins, Haganah - World War II participation, Haganah - After the war

Read more here: » Haganah: Encyclopedia II - Haganah - Origins

History of the Israel Defense Forces - Before 1948. Following the 1947 UN Partition Plan which divided the British Mandate of Palestine, the country became increasingly volatile and fell into a state of civil war between the Jews and Arabs. In accordance with Plan Dalet the Haganah tried to secure the areas alloted to the Jewish state in the partition plan and the blocks of settlements that were in the area alloted to the Arab state. History of the Israel Defense Forces - The first Arab-Israeli w ...

See also:

History of the Israel Defense Forces, History of the Israel Defense Forces - Timeline and major events, History of the Israel Defense Forces - Before 1948, History of the Israel Defense Forces - The first Arab-Israeli war, History of the Israel Defense Forces - 1949-1956, History of the Israel Defense Forces - The 1956 Sinai campaign, History of the Israel Defense Forces - 1956-1966, History of the Israel Defense Forces - The 1967 Six-Day War, History of the Israel Defense Forces - The 1968-1970 War of Attrition, History of the Israel Defense Forces - The 1973 Yom Kippur War 1973, History of the Israel Defense Forces - 1974-1978, History of the Israel Defense Forces - 1978 Operation Litani, History of the Israel Defense Forces - 1979-1981, History of the Israel Defense Forces - 1982 Operation Peace for Galilee, History of the Israel Defense Forces - Appendices, History of the Israel Defense Forces - List of Chiefs of the General Staff, History of the Israel Defense Forces - Other famous generals and soldiers

Read more here: » History of the Israel Defense Forces: Encyclopedia II - History of the Israel Defense Forces - Timeline and major events

The Mousterian Neanderthals were the earliest inhabitants of the area known to archaeologists, and have been dated to c. 200,000 BCE. The first anatomically modern humans to live in the area were the Kebarans (conventionally c. 18,000 - 10,500 BCE, but recent paleoanthropological evidence suggests that Kebarans may have arrived as early as 75,000 BCE and shared the region with the Neanderthals for millennia before the latter died out). They were followed by the Natufian culture (c. 10,500 BCE - 8500 BCE), the Yarmukians (c. 8500 - 4300 BCE) ...

See also:

History of Palestine, History of Palestine - Prehistoric times, History of Palestine - Canaanite and Israelite Period, History of Palestine - Persian Hellenistic and Roman Period, History of Palestine - Byzantines to the Ottomans Period, History of Palestine - The British Mandate period, History of Palestine - Post-Mandate, History of Palestine - Intifada Separation Barrier Road Map

Read more here: » History of Palestine: Encyclopedia II - History of Palestine - Prehistoric times

1948 Arab-Israeli War - First phase: November 29 1947 - April 1 1948. Right after the UN partition plan was approved, joint Jordanian, Egyptian, Syrian, Lebanese and Iraqi troops invaded Palestine, which Israel, the United States, the Soviet Union, and UN Secretary-General Trygve Lie called illegal aggression. The British Army frequently intervened, but as the end of British involvement in Palestine drew nearer and attacks on them by Irgun and Lehi increased, their intervention grew steadily more inconsistent and ...

See also:

1948 Arab-Israeli War, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Background, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - The Great Arab Revolt and Its Aftermath, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Yishuv/British Security and Intelligence Collaboration, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - The End of Colonial Rule, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Amin al-Husayni, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Phases of the War, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - First phase: November 29 1947 - April 1 1948, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Second phase: April 1 1948 - May 15 1948, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Third phase: May 15 1948 - June 11 1948, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - First truce: June 11 1948 - July 8 1948, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Fourth phase: July 8 1948 - July 18 1948, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Second truce: July 18 1948 - October 15 1948, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Fifth phase: October 15 1948 - July 20 1949, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Aftermath, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - 1949 Armistice Agreements, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Casualties, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Demographic outcome, 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Footnotes

Read more here: » 1948 Arab-Israeli War: Encyclopedia II - 1948 Arab-Israeli War - Phases of the War

Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower. National military service is compulsory for Jewish men and women over the age of 17, although exemptions may be made on religious, physical, pacifist or psychological grounds (see Profile 21). The fact that an increasing number of men in the Haredi community are exempt has been a source of tension in Israeli society. Men serve three years in the IDF, as do the women in combat positions, while women in non-combat positions serve two. The IDF requi ...

See also:

Israel Defense Forces, Israel Defense Forces - History, Israel Defense Forces - Overview, Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower, Israel Defense Forces - Expenditures and alliances, Israel Defense Forces - Military structure, Israel Defense Forces - High command General Staff, Israel Defense Forces - Ground forces, Israel Defense Forces - Air force, Israel Defense Forces - Navy, Israel Defense Forces - Military intelligence, Israel Defense Forces - Support, Israel Defense Forces - Regional commands, Israel Defense Forces - Related organisations, Israel Defense Forces - Israeli military technology, Israel Defense Forces - Main Israeli developments, Israel Defense Forces - Specific weapon systems, Israel Defense Forces - Nuclear capability, Israel Defense Forces - Israeli Defence Forces Ranks, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Values of the Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct against terrorists, Israel Defense Forces - Counterterrorism tactics, Israel Defense Forces - Targeted killing, Israel Defense Forces - House demolitions, Israel Defense Forces - Related IDF articles, Israel Defense Forces - General related articles

Read more here: » Israel Defense Forces: Encyclopedia II - Israel Defense Forces - Overview

The US Army's M1 Garand rifle was originally developed to chamber a light .276 round, but this design feature was cancelled in the early 1930s, delaying introduction of the Garand (eventually chambered for the same powerful .30-06 Springfield round used in the Springfield 1903 rifle, the Browning Automatic Rifle, and the M1917/M1919 machine guns) until 1936. This left the army without the lighter, handier rifle it had wanted. This, along with lessons learned during earlier wars, observations of conflicts during the 1930s, and dissatisfaction with existing submachine guns and rifles contributed ...

See also:

M1 Carbine, M1 Carbine - History, M1 Carbine - Performance, M1 Carbine - Variants, M1 Carbine - Carbine M1A1, M1 Carbine - Carbine M2, M1 Carbine - Carbine M3, M1 Carbine - Related equipment and accessories, M1 Carbine - Round types, M1 Carbine - Attachments, M1 Carbine - Production and usage, M1 Carbine - Operators Summary, M1 Carbine - Current production

Read more here: » M1 Carbine: Encyclopedia II - M1 Carbine - History

Despite the 1939 White Paper which deeply angered the Zionist leadership in Palestine, David Ben-Gurion, then chairman of the Jewish Agency, set the policy for the Zionist relationship with the British: We shall fight the war against Hitler as if there were no White Paper, and we shall fight the White Paper as if there were no war. The Irgun, however took a more extreme stance starting in 1944 and began bombing British installations. In the first years of World War II, the British authorities asked Haganah for cooperation again ...

See also:

Haganah, Haganah - Origins, Haganah - World War II participation, Haganah - After the war

Read more here: » Haganah: Encyclopedia II - Haganah - World War II participation

Owing to the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the tactics of the IDF have been adapted for low intensity warfare primarily against Palestinian militants operating from within densely-populated civilian areas. Sometimes, such clashes have resulted in deaths of nearby civilians. Israel Defense Forces - Targeted killing. Main articles: Targeted killing, and See also:

Israel Defense Forces, Israel Defense Forces - History, Israel Defense Forces - Overview, Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower, Israel Defense Forces - Expenditures and alliances, Israel Defense Forces - Military structure, Israel Defense Forces - High command General Staff, Israel Defense Forces - Ground forces, Israel Defense Forces - Air force, Israel Defense Forces - Navy, Israel Defense Forces - Military intelligence, Israel Defense Forces - Support, Israel Defense Forces - Regional commands, Israel Defense Forces - Related organisations, Israel Defense Forces - Israeli military technology, Israel Defense Forces - Main Israeli developments, Israel Defense Forces - Specific weapon systems, Israel Defense Forces - Nuclear capability, Israel Defense Forces - Israel Defence Forces Ranks, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Values of the Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct against terrorists, Israel Defense Forces - Counterterrorism tactics, Israel Defense Forces - Targeted killing, Israel Defense Forces - House demolitions, Israel Defense Forces - Related IDF articles, Israel Defense Forces - General related articles

Read more here: » Israel Defense Forces: Encyclopedia II - Israel Defense Forces - Counterterrorism tactics

Kfar Etzion was a religious kibbutz founded in 1943, about 2 km east of the road between Jerusalem and Hebron. By the end of 1947, there were 163 adults and 50 children living there. Together with three nearby kibbutzim established 1945-1947, it formed Gush Etzion (the Etzion Bloc). The United Nations partition plan for Palestine of November 29, 1947 placed the Etzion Bloc in the interior of the intended Arab state. Very soon fighting broke out in many parts of Palestine. The position of the Etzion Bloc on the important Jerusal ...

See also:

Kfar Etzion massacre, Kfar Etzion massacre - Background, Kfar Etzion massacre - The Massacre, Kfar Etzion massacre - The aftermath, Kfar Etzion massacre - Sources

Read more here: » Kfar Etzion massacre: Encyclopedia II - Kfar Etzion massacre - Background

Tel Aviv-Jaffa's area is 50,553 dunam, roughly 19.5 square miles and 50.6 square kilometers. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, as of September 2003, the city's population stood at 363,400, growing at an annual rate of one percent. 96.1% percent of residents are Jewish, while 3.0% are Arab Muslims and 0.9% are Arab Christians. Outside estimates hold that about 50,000 unregistered ...

See also:

Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv - Origin of the name, Tel Aviv - History, Tel Aviv - Culture, Tel Aviv - Sports, Tel Aviv - Transportation, Tel Aviv - Statistics, Tel Aviv - Mayors of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv - Twin cities, Tel Aviv - Footnote

Read more here: » Tel Aviv: Encyclopedia II - Tel Aviv - Statistics

The main access route to Tel Aviv is Ayalon Highway, which goes through the city - north to south - on Ayalon River route, which had been ordered between the 2 lanes. Tel Aviv has 4 Israel Railways railroad stations along the Ayalon Highway. The stops are from north to south: Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv Merkaz (Tel Aviv Central Train Station, near Masof 2000 Bus terminal), Tel Aviv Hashalom (near Azrieli Center shopping mall) and Tel Aviv Hahaganah (near the Tel Aviv Central Bus Station). It is estimated that about 1 million people use the train from Rishon LeZion, Rehovot, and P ...

See also:

Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv - Origin of the name, Tel Aviv - History, Tel Aviv - Culture, Tel Aviv - Sports, Tel Aviv - Transportation, Tel Aviv - Statistics, Tel Aviv - Mayors of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv - Twin cities, Tel Aviv - Footnote

Read more here: » Tel Aviv: Encyclopedia II - Tel Aviv - Transportation

In 1992, the IDF drafted a Code of Conduct that is a combination of international law, Israeli law, Jewish heritage and the IDF's own traditional ethical code - Ruach Tzahal רוח צה"ל ("The Spirit of the IDF"). Israel Defense Forces - Values of the Code of Conduct. The IDF Code of Conduct emphasis the following values: Tenacity of Purpose in Performing Missions and Drive to Victory (חתירה לניצחון והשלמת המשימה) Responsibility (אחריות)See also:

Israel Defense Forces, Israel Defense Forces - History, Israel Defense Forces - Overview, Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower, Israel Defense Forces - Expenditures and alliances, Israel Defense Forces - Military structure, Israel Defense Forces - High command General Staff, Israel Defense Forces - Ground forces, Israel Defense Forces - Air force, Israel Defense Forces - Navy, Israel Defense Forces - Military intelligence, Israel Defense Forces - Support, Israel Defense Forces - Regional commands, Israel Defense Forces - Related organisations, Israel Defense Forces - Israeli military technology, Israel Defense Forces - Main Israeli developments, Israel Defense Forces - Specific weapon systems, Israel Defense Forces - Nuclear capability, Israel Defense Forces - Israel Defence Forces Ranks, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Values of the Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct against terrorists, Israel Defense Forces - Counterterrorism tactics, Israel Defense Forces - Targeted killing, Israel Defense Forces - House demolitions, Israel Defense Forces - Related IDF articles, Israel Defense Forces - General related articles

Read more here: » Israel Defense Forces: Encyclopedia II - Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct

Owing to the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the tactics of the IDF have been adapted for low intensity warfare primarily against Palestinian militants operating from within densely-populated civilian areas. Sometimes, such clashes have resulted in deaths of nearby civilians. Israel Defense Forces - Targeted killing. Main article: Targeted killing The IDF employs a controversial strategy of "focused foiling" (in Hebrew: סיכול ממוקד sikul memukad) of Palesti ...

See also:

Israel Defense Forces, Israel Defense Forces - History, Israel Defense Forces - Overview, Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower, Israel Defense Forces - Expenditures and alliances, Israel Defense Forces - Military structure, Israel Defense Forces - High command General Staff, Israel Defense Forces - Ground forces, Israel Defense Forces - Air force, Israel Defense Forces - Navy, Israel Defense Forces - Military intelligence, Israel Defense Forces - Support, Israel Defense Forces - Regional commands, Israel Defense Forces - Related organisations, Israel Defense Forces - Israeli military technology, Israel Defense Forces - Main Israeli developments, Israel Defense Forces - Specific weapon systems, Israel Defense Forces - Nuclear capability, Israel Defense Forces - Israel Defence Forces Ranks, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Values of the Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct against terrorists, Israel Defense Forces - Counterterrorism tactics, Israel Defense Forces - Targeted killing, Israel Defense Forces - House demolitions, Israel Defense Forces - Related IDF articles, Israel Defense Forces - General related articles

Read more here: » Israel Defense Forces: Encyclopedia II - Israel Defense Forces - Counterterrorism tactics

The IDF is considered to be one of the most high-tech armies in the world, possessing top-of-the-line weapons and computer systems. Besides purchasing American-made weapon systems (such as the M4A1 assault rifle, F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon jets and Apache helicopter), the IDF has several large internal R&D departments. IDF also purchases many technologies produced by the Israeli security industries including IAI, IMI, Elbit, El-Op, Rafael, Soltam and dozens of smaller firms. Many of these developments have been battle-tes ...

See also:

Israel Defense Forces, Israel Defense Forces - History, Israel Defense Forces - Overview, Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower, Israel Defense Forces - Expenditures and alliances, Israel Defense Forces - Military structure, Israel Defense Forces - High command General Staff, Israel Defense Forces - Ground forces, Israel Defense Forces - Air force, Israel Defense Forces - Navy, Israel Defense Forces - Military intelligence, Israel Defense Forces - Support, Israel Defense Forces - Regional commands, Israel Defense Forces - Related organisations, Israel Defense Forces - Israeli military technology, Israel Defense Forces - Main Israeli developments, Israel Defense Forces - Specific weapon systems, Israel Defense Forces - Nuclear capability, Israel Defense Forces - Israel Defence Forces Ranks, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Values of the Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct against terrorists, Israel Defense Forces - Counterterrorism tactics, Israel Defense Forces - Targeted killing, Israel Defense Forces - House demolitions, Israel Defense Forces - Related IDF articles, Israel Defense Forces - General related articles

Read more here: » Israel Defense Forces: Encyclopedia II - Israel Defense Forces - Israeli military technology