Palliative care most often occurs in the dying person's home. It is also provided in free-standing inpatient (hospice) units and within regular hospital units. In most countries, hospice care is provided by an interdisciplinary team consisting of physicians, registered nurses, chaplains, social workers, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, complimentary therapists, volunteers and, most importantly, the family. The focus of the team is to optimize the patient's comfort. Additional members of the team are likely to include home he ...

See also:

Palliative care, Palliative care - Hospice and palliative care goals, Palliative care - Hospice history, Palliative care - Palliative care practice, Palliative care - Treatment of distress

Read more here: » Palliative care: Encyclopedia II - Palliative care - Palliative care practice

See also:

Palliative care, Palliative care - Hospice and palliative care goals, Palliative care - Hospice history, Palliative care - Palliative care practice, Palliative care - Treatment of distress

Read more here: » Palliative care: Encyclopedia II - Palliative care - Hospice and palliative care goals

Hospices were originally places of rest for travellers in the 4th century AD. In the 19th century a religious order established hospices for the dying in Ireland and London. The modern hospice is a relatively recent concept that originated and gained momentum in the United Kingdom after the founding of St. Christopher's Hospice in 1967. Dr. Cicely Saunders is regarded as the founder of the hospice movement. Since its begi ...

See also:

Palliative care, Palliative care - Hospice and palliative care goals, Palliative care - Hospice history, Palliative care - Palliative care practice, Palliative care - Treatment of distress

Read more here: » Palliative care: Encyclopedia II - Palliative care - Hospice history

Although 50% of all cancer cases diagnosed achieve curation, a large number of cancer patients will die from the disease. There may be ongoing issues with symptom control associated with progressive cancer. These problems may include pain, nausea, anorexia, fatigue, immobility, and depression. Not all issues are strictly physical: personal dignity may be affected. Moral and spiritual issues are also important. Whilst many of these problems fall within the remit of the oncologist, palliative care has matured into a separate, closely al ...

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Oncology, Oncology - Diagnosis, Oncology - Therapy, Oncology - Follow-up, Oncology - Palliative care, Oncology - Ethical issues, Oncology - Progress and research in oncology, Oncology - Complementary and Alternative therapies

Read more here: » Oncology: Encyclopedia II - Oncology - Palliative care

Therapy (in Greek: θεραπεία) or treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a diagnosis. Some therapeutic methodologies from Western medicine, Eastern medicine (especially traditional Chinese medicine), and alternative health care include: acupuncture adventure therapy agoratherapy aromatherapy art therapy colour therapy crystal healing Dianetics diversional therapy hyperbaric oxy ...

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Terminal illness is a medical term popularized in the 20th century for an active and progressive disease which cannot be cured and is expected to lead to death. Palliative care is often prescribed to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. See also. Alternative medicine AIDS Cancer Death Voluntary euthanasia Do Not Resuscitate ...

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Anxiety is a complex combination of the feeling of fear, apprehension and worry often accompanied by physical sensations such as palpitations, chest pain and/or shortness of breath. It may exist as a primary brain disorder or may be associated with other medical problems including other psychiatric disorders. Anxiety is often described as having a cognitive, a somatic, an emotional and a behavioral component (Seligman, Walker & Rosenhan, 2001). The cognitive component entails expectation of a diffuse and uncertain danger. S ...

Including:

• Anxiety - Diagnosis
• Anxiety - Diagnosis using a blood test
• Anxiety - Generalized anxiety disorder
• Anxiety - Panic disorder
• Anxiety - Phobia
• Anxiety - Obsessive-compulsive disorder
• Anxiety - Treatment overview
• Anxiety - Prescription medication
• Anxiety - Cognitive-behavioral therapy
• Anxiety - Other coping strategies
• Anxiety - Anxiety in palliative care
• Anxiety - Anxiety and alternative medicine
• Anxiety - Existential Anxiety
• Anxiety - Test Anxiety

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There is a tremendous amount of research being conducted on all frontiers of oncology, ranging from cancer cell biology to chemotherapy treatment regimens and optimal palliative care and pain relief. This makes oncology an exciting and continuously changing field. Therapeutic trials often involve patients from many different hospitals in a particular region. In the UK, patients are often enrolled in large studies coordinated by the Medical Research Council (MRC, www.mrc.ac.uk) or the European Organisati ...

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Oncology, Oncology - Diagnosis, Oncology - Therapy, Oncology - Follow-up, Oncology - Palliative care, Oncology - Ethical issues, Oncology - Progress and research in oncology, Oncology - Complementary and Alternative therapies

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There are a number of recurring ethical questions and dilemmas in oncological practice. These include: What information to give the patient regarding disease extent/progression/prognosis. Entry into clinical trials, especially in the face of terminal illness. Withdrawal of active treatment. "Do Not Resuscitate" orders and other end of life issues. These issues are closely related to the patients' personality, religion, culture, personal, and family life. The answers are rare ...

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Oncology, Oncology - Diagnosis, Oncology - Therapy, Oncology - Follow-up, Oncology - Palliative care, Oncology - Ethical issues, Oncology - Progress and research in oncology, Oncology - Complementary and Alternative therapies

Read more here: » Oncology: Encyclopedia II - Oncology - Ethical issues

The most important diagnostic tool remains the medical history: the character of the complaints and any specific symptoms (fatigue, weight loss, unexplained anemia, paraneoplastic phenomena and other signs). Often a physical examination will reveal the location of a malignancy. Diagnostic methods include: Biopsy, either incisional or excisional; Endoscopy, either upper or lower gastrointestinal, bronchoscopy, or nasendoscopy; X-rays, CT scanning, MRI scanning, ultrasound and other radiological techniques ...

See also:

Oncology, Oncology - Diagnosis, Oncology - Therapy, Oncology - Follow-up, Oncology - Palliative care, Oncology - Ethical issues, Oncology - Progress and research in oncology, Oncology - Complementary and Alternative therapies

Read more here: » Oncology: Encyclopedia II - Oncology - Diagnosis

See main article: Alternative medicine Many cancer patients seek extra help from complementary and alternative therapies, which fall outside of conventional medicine. Most complementary therapies do not have a firm scientific or evidence base. However, some patients undoubtedly find complementary therapies helpful whilst they are undergoing conventional treatment. Whilst most complementary therapies are harmless, they can be expensive. They may also be positively harmful if the patient forgoes conventional treatment altogether, in order to follow altern ...

See also:

Oncology, Oncology - Diagnosis, Oncology - Therapy, Oncology - Follow-up, Oncology - Palliative care, Oncology - Ethical issues, Oncology - Progress and research in oncology, Oncology - Complementary and Alternative therapies

Read more here: » Oncology: Encyclopedia II - Oncology - Complementary and Alternative therapies

It depends completely on the nature of the tumor identified what kind of therapeutical intervention will be necessary. Certain disorders will require immediate admission and chemotherapy (such as ALL or AML), while others will be followed up with regular physical examination and blood tests. Often, surgery is attempted to remove a tumor entirely. This is only feasible when there is some degree of certainty that the tumor can in fact be removed. When it is certain that parts will remain, curative surgery is often impossible, e.g. when ...

See also:

Oncology, Oncology - Diagnosis, Oncology - Therapy, Oncology - Follow-up, Oncology - Palliative care, Oncology - Ethical issues, Oncology - Progress and research in oncology, Oncology - Complementary and Alternative therapies

Read more here: » Oncology: Encyclopedia II - Oncology - Therapy

Treatment for prostate cancer may involve watchful waiting, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, cryosurgery, hormonal therapy, or some combination. Which option is best depends on the stage of the disease, the Gleason score, and the PSA level. Other important factors are the man's age, his general health, and his feelings about potential treatments and their possible side effects. Because all treatments can have significant side effects, such as erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence, treatment discussions often focus on balancing the goals of the ...

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Prostate cancer, Prostate cancer - The prostate, Prostate cancer - Symptoms, Prostate cancer - Pathophysiology, Prostate cancer - Epidemiology, Prostate cancer - Screening, Prostate cancer - Digital rectal examination, Prostate cancer - Prostate specific antigen, Prostate cancer - Confirming the diagnosis, Prostate cancer - Staging, Prostate cancer - Treatment, Prostate cancer - Watchful waiting, Prostate cancer - Surgery, Prostate cancer - Radiation therapy, Prostate cancer - Cryosurgery, Prostate cancer - Hormonal therapy, Prostate cancer - Palliative care, Prostate cancer - Prognosis, Prostate cancer - Prevention, Prostate cancer - History

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A man's risk of developing prostate cancer is related to his age, genetics, race, diet, lifestyle, medications, and other factors. The primary risk factor is age. Prostate cancer is uncommon in men less than 45, but becomes more common with advancing age. The average age at the time of diagnosis is 70.[7] However, many men never know they have prostate cancer. Autopsy studies of Chinese, German, Israeli, Jamaican, Swedish, and Ugandan men who died of othe ...

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Prostate cancer, Prostate cancer - The prostate, Prostate cancer - Symptoms, Prostate cancer - Pathophysiology, Prostate cancer - Epidemiology, Prostate cancer - Screening, Prostate cancer - Digital rectal examination, Prostate cancer - Prostate specific antigen, Prostate cancer - Confirming the diagnosis, Prostate cancer - Staging, Prostate cancer - Treatment, Prostate cancer - Watchful waiting, Prostate cancer - Surgery, Prostate cancer - Radiation therapy, Prostate cancer - Cryosurgery, Prostate cancer - Hormonal therapy, Prostate cancer - Palliative care, Prostate cancer - Prognosis, Prostate cancer - Prevention, Prostate cancer - History

Read more here: » Prostate cancer: Encyclopedia II - Prostate cancer - Epidemiology

Prostate cancer screening is an attempt to find unsuspected cancers. Screening tests may lead to more specific follow-up tests such as a biopsy, where small pieces of the prostate are removed for closer study. As of 2005 prostate cancer screening options include the digital rectal exam and the prostate specific antigen (PSA) blood test. Screening for prostate cancer is controversial because it is not clear if the benefits of screening outweigh the risks of foll ...

See also:

Prostate cancer, Prostate cancer - The prostate, Prostate cancer - Symptoms, Prostate cancer - Pathophysiology, Prostate cancer - Epidemiology, Prostate cancer - Screening, Prostate cancer - Digital rectal examination, Prostate cancer - Prostate specific antigen, Prostate cancer - Confirming the diagnosis, Prostate cancer - Staging, Prostate cancer - Treatment, Prostate cancer - Watchful waiting, Prostate cancer - Surgery, Prostate cancer - Radiation therapy, Prostate cancer - Cryosurgery, Prostate cancer - Hormonal therapy, Prostate cancer - Palliative care, Prostate cancer - Prognosis, Prostate cancer - Prevention, Prostate cancer - History

Read more here: » Prostate cancer: Encyclopedia II - Prostate cancer - Screening

A good medical history and physical examination are essential for the initial diagnosis of any of the anxiety disorders in order to exclude any other significant, treatable medical conditions that could be causing the symptoms of anxiety. A family history of anxiety disorders or other psychiatric illnesses strengthens the case for an anxiety disorder. As there is a high association for anxiety for other psychiatric problems including drug abuse and depression, the physical examination should include checking for evidence of intravenous drug u ...

See also:

Anxiety, Anxiety - Diagnosis, Anxiety - Diagnosis using a blood test, Anxiety - Generalized anxiety disorder, Anxiety - Panic disorder, Anxiety - Phobia, Anxiety - Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Anxiety - Treatment overview, Anxiety - Prescription medication, Anxiety - Cognitive-behavioral therapy, Anxiety - Other coping strategies, Anxiety - Anxiety in palliative care, Anxiety - Anxiety and alternative medicine, Anxiety - Existential Anxiety, Anxiety - Test Anxiety

Read more here: » Anxiety: Encyclopedia II - Anxiety - Diagnosis

An important part of evaluating prostate cancer is determining the stage, or how far the cancer has spread. Knowing the stage helps define prognosis and is useful when selecting therapies. The most common system is the four-stage TNM system (abbreviated from Tumor/Nodes/Metastases). Its components include the size of the tumor, the number of involved lymph nodes, and the presence of any other metastases. The microscopic appearance of the prostate, quantified as the Gleason score, is also incorporated into the staging system. The Whitmore-Jew ...

See also:

Prostate cancer, Prostate cancer - The prostate, Prostate cancer - Symptoms, Prostate cancer - Pathophysiology, Prostate cancer - Epidemiology, Prostate cancer - Screening, Prostate cancer - Digital rectal examination, Prostate cancer - Prostate specific antigen, Prostate cancer - Confirming the diagnosis, Prostate cancer - Staging, Prostate cancer - Treatment, Prostate cancer - Watchful waiting, Prostate cancer - Surgery, Prostate cancer - Radiation therapy, Prostate cancer - Cryosurgery, Prostate cancer - Hormonal therapy, Prostate cancer - Palliative care, Prostate cancer - Prognosis, Prostate cancer - Prevention, Prostate cancer - History

Read more here: » Prostate cancer: Encyclopedia II - Prostate cancer - Staging

In panic disorder, the person suffers brief attacks of intense terror and apprehension that cause trembling and shaking, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. One who is often plagued by sudden bouts of intense anxiety might be said to be afflicted by this disorder. The American Psychiatric Association (2000) defines a panic attack as fear or discomfort that arises abruptly and peaks in 10 minutes or less. Although panic attacks sometimes seem to occur out of nowhere, they generally happen after frightening experiences, prolonged stres ...

See also:

Anxiety, Anxiety - Diagnosis, Anxiety - Diagnosis using a blood test, Anxiety - Generalized anxiety disorder, Anxiety - Panic disorder, Anxiety - Phobia, Anxiety - Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Anxiety - Treatment overview, Anxiety - Prescription medication, Anxiety - Cognitive-behavioral therapy, Anxiety - Other coping strategies, Anxiety - Anxiety in palliative care, Anxiety - Anxiety and alternative medicine, Anxiety - Existential Anxiety, Anxiety - Test Anxiety

Read more here: » Anxiety: Encyclopedia II - Anxiety - Panic disorder

Mainstream treatment for anxiety consists of the prescription of anxiolytic agents and/or referral to a cognitive-behavioral therapist. There are indications that a combination of the two can be more effective than either one. Anxiety - Prescription medication. The acute symptoms of anxiety are most often controlled with anxiolytic agents such as benzodiazepines. Diazepam (valium) was one of the first such drugs. Today we see a wide range of anti-anxiety agents that are based on benzodiazepines, although o ...

See also:

Anxiety, Anxiety - Diagnosis, Anxiety - Diagnosis using a blood test, Anxiety - Generalized anxiety disorder, Anxiety - Panic disorder, Anxiety - Phobia, Anxiety - Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Anxiety - Treatment overview, Anxiety - Prescription medication, Anxiety - Cognitive-behavioral therapy, Anxiety - Other coping strategies, Anxiety - Anxiety in palliative care, Anxiety - Anxiety and alternative medicine, Anxiety - Existential Anxiety, Anxiety - Test Anxiety

Read more here: » Anxiety: Encyclopedia II - Anxiety - Treatment overview

Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observation on male British doctors Authors: R. Doll, R. Peto, J. Boreham, I. Sutherland Publication data: BMJ 2004;328:1519–33. Description: This is the British doctors study. A prospective clinical trial which has been running from 1951 to 2001, and in 1956 provided convincing statistical evidence that tobacco smoking increases ...

See also:

List of publications in medicine, List of publications in medicine - Foundations, List of publications in medicine - Recent studies, List of publications in medicine - Bioethics, List of publications in medicine - Biostatistics, List of publications in medicine - Embryology, List of publications in medicine - Nutrition, List of publications in medicine - Transfusion medicine, List of publications in medicine - Clinical chemistry, List of publications in medicine - Hematology, List of publications in medicine - Radiology, List of publications in medicine - Interventional radiology, List of publications in medicine - Nuclear Medicine, List of publications in medicine - Anesthesiology, List of publications in medicine - Pain medicine, List of publications in medicine - Dermatology, List of publications in medicine - Emergency medicine, List of publications in medicine - General practice, List of publications in medicine - Geriatrics, List of publications in medicine - Hospital medicine, List of publications in medicine - Intensive care medicine, List of publications in medicine - Internal medicine, List of publications in medicine - Cardiology, List of publications in medicine - Gastroenterology, List of publications in medicine - Endocrinology, List of publications in medicine - Hematology, List of publications in medicine - Infectious diseases, List of publications in medicine - Nephrology, List of publications in medicine - Oncology, List of publications in medicine - Pulmonology, List of publications in medicine - Rheumatology, List of publications in medicine - Neurology, List of publications in medicine - Obstetrics, List of publications in medicine - gynecology, List of publications in medicine - Palliative care, List of publications in medicine - Pediatrics, List of publications in medicine - public health, List of publications in medicine - Psychiatry, List of publications in medicine - Radiation therapy, List of publications in medicine - General surgery, List of publications in medicine - Neurosurgery, List of publications in medicine - Ophthalmology, List of publications in medicine - Orthopedic surgery, List of publications in medicine - Otolaryngology, List of publications in medicine - Plastic surgery, List of publications in medicine - Urology, List of publications in medicine - Vascular surgery, List of publications in medicine - hyperbaric medicine, List of publications in medicine - Medical informatics, List of publications in medicine - Nosology

Read more here: » List of publications in medicine: Encyclopedia II - List of publications in medicine - Recent studies