Palace of Westminster

Sheffield has an international reputation for metallurgy and steel-making.[20] Many innovations in these fields have been made in Sheffield. Benjamin Huntsman discovered the crucible technique in the 1740s. This process was made obsolete in 1856 by Henry Bessemer's invention of the Bessemer converter. Thomas Boulsover invented Sheffield Plate (silver-plated copper) in the early 18th century. Stainless steel was invented by Harry Brearley in 191 ...

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Sheffield, Sheffield - Geography, Sheffield - People, Sheffield - Districts, Sheffield - History, Sheffield - Industry and economy, Sheffield - Government and politics, Sheffield - International Links, Sheffield - Sport, Sheffield - Culture and attractions, Sheffield - Music, Sheffield - Attractions, Sheffield - Media and film, Sheffield - Education, Sheffield - Transport, Sheffield - National and international travel, Sheffield - Local travel, Sheffield - References and notes

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Sheffield is governed by the elected Sheffield City Council. For most of the council's history it has been controlled by the Labour Party. There was, however, a brief period of Liberal Democrats control at the turn of the century. There are 84 councillors; the current council leader is Jan Wilson. The city also has a Lord Mayor. In the past the Office of Mayor had considerable authority, and carried with it executive powers over the finances and affairs of the city council. Today it is simply a cerem ...

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Sheffield, Sheffield - Geography, Sheffield - People, Sheffield - Districts, Sheffield - History, Sheffield - Industry and economy, Sheffield - Government and politics, Sheffield - International Links, Sheffield - Sport, Sheffield - Culture and attractions, Sheffield - Music, Sheffield - Attractions, Sheffield - Media and film, Sheffield - Education, Sheffield - Transport, Sheffield - National and international travel, Sheffield - Local travel, Sheffield - References and notes

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William Pitt the Younger was a powerful Prime Minister who consolidated the powers of his office. Even though he was sometimes opposed by members of his own Cabinet, he helped define the role of the Prime Minister as the supervisor and co-ordinator of the various Government departments. He was not, however, the supreme political influence in the nation, for the King remained the dominant force in Government. Pitt was Prime Minister not because he enjoyed the support of the electorate or of the House of Common ...

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William Pitt the Younger, William Pitt the Younger - Early life, William Pitt the Younger - Early political career, William Pitt the Younger - Rise to power, William Pitt the Younger - First Ministry, William Pitt the Younger - French Revolution, William Pitt the Younger - Resignation, William Pitt the Younger - Second Ministry, William Pitt the Younger - Legacy, William Pitt the Younger - Quotations

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7.2% of Sheffield's working population are employed in the creative industries, well above the national average of 4%.[2] Open Up Sheffield is an annual event over the first two weekends in May where local visual artists and fine craft workers invite the public to their studios and other venues. Sheffield - Music. Sheffield has been the home of several well-known bands and musicians, with an unusually large number of synth pop and other electronic outfits h ...

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Sheffield, Sheffield - Geography, Sheffield - People, Sheffield - Districts, Sheffield - History, Sheffield - Industry and economy, Sheffield - Government and politics, Sheffield - International Links, Sheffield - Sport, Sheffield - Culture and attractions, Sheffield - Music, Sheffield - Attractions, Sheffield - Media and film, Sheffield - Education, Sheffield - Transport, Sheffield - National and international travel, Sheffield - Local travel, Sheffield - References and notes

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Sheffield has a long sporting heritage. In 1857 a collective of cricketers formed the world's first-ever official football club, Sheffield F.C., and by 1860 there were 15 football clubs in Sheffield. There are now two local clubs in the Football League: Sheffield United and Sheffield Wednesday, and two major non-league sides: Sheffield F.C. and Hallam F.C. (the two oldest club sides in the world). Sheffield also has close ties with snooker, due to the fact that the city's Crucible Theatre is the venue for the World Snooker Championshi ...

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Sheffield, Sheffield - Geography, Sheffield - People, Sheffield - Districts, Sheffield - History, Sheffield - Industry and economy, Sheffield - Government and politics, Sheffield - International Links, Sheffield - Sport, Sheffield - Culture and attractions, Sheffield - Music, Sheffield - Attractions, Sheffield - Media and film, Sheffield - Education, Sheffield - Transport, Sheffield - National and international travel, Sheffield - Local travel, Sheffield - References and notes

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Augustus Northmore Welby Pugin was the son of an émigré French architect who came to England to escape the Revolution. His father, Augustin Pugin (originally de Pugin), a French Protestant of good family, worked in the fashionable “gothick” taste of the late 18th century. In England he got work as designer and illustrator of books on gothic architecture and decoration compiled by the architect John Nash. He also kept a number of pupils whom he trained, together with his son, in architectural drawing. Every summer this little school wen ...

See also:

Augustus Pugin, Augustus Pugin - Early Years, Augustus Pugin - Marriage and Conversion, Augustus Pugin - Pugin the man, Augustus Pugin - Scarisbrick Hall, Augustus Pugin - St. Mary's College Oscott, Augustus Pugin - Houses of Parliament, Augustus Pugin - Writings, Augustus Pugin - 'Architectural Genius', Augustus Pugin - Pugin and the Earl of Shrewsbury, Augustus Pugin - Later Years, Augustus Pugin - Bibliography

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The Westminster system has a very distinct appearance when functioning, with many British customs incorporated into day-to-day government function. A Westminster-style parliament is usually a long, rectangular room, with two rows of seats and desks on either side. The chairs are positioned so that the two rows are facing each other. The intended purpose of this arrangement is to create a visual representation of the conflict-filled nature of parliamentary government. Traditionally, the opposition parties will sit in one row of seats, and the ...

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Westminster system, Westminster system - Key characteristics, Westminster system - Operation, Westminster system - Cabinet government, Westminster system - Consequences, Westminster system - Ceremonies, Westminster system - Some countries under the Westminster system, Westminster system - Notes, Westminster system - Bibliography, Westminster system - External link

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London - Places of interest. See also: Category:Visitor attractions in London Chinatown Covent Garden Downing Street Horse Guards Parade Leicester Square The London Dungeon London Aquarium London Eye London Planetarium London Zoo Madame Tussaud's Piccadilly Circus South Bank Theatreland Tower Bridge Tower of London Trafalgar Square Camden Town See also:

London, London - Defining London, London - Geography and climate, London - History, London - Modern London, London - Culture, London - London Districts, London - Central London, London - City of London, London - The West End, London - East London, London - The East End, London - Docklands, London - West London, London - North London, London - South London, London - Demographics, London - Government, London - Business and economy, London - Transport and infrastructure, London - Education, London - Media, London - Technology, London - Style and fashion, London - Religion, London - Sport, London - Tourist attractions, London - Places of interest, London - List of hotels in London, London - Buildings and monuments, London - Museums and galleries, London - Markets and shopping areas, London - Parks and gardens, London - Other places of interest, London - London in the arts, London - Literature featuring London, London - Films featuring London, London - Television programmes featuring London, London - Songs featuring London, London - Video Games featuring London, London - Major exhibitions staged in London, London - Parades

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Battersea is an area of London lying on the south bank of the River Thames. Vaguely triangular in shape, its northern boundary is the Thames, as it runs first north-east, and then east, before turning north again to pass Westminster. Its north eastern corner is one mile (1.6 km) due south of the Palace of Westminster; the north western corner is demarcated by Wandsworth Bridge and Battersea tapers south to a point roughly three miles (5 km) from the north eastern corner and two miles (3 km) from the north west. See also:

Battersea, Battersea - Geography, Battersea - Places of note, Battersea - History, Battersea - Industry, Battersea - Railway age, Battersea - Politics, Battersea - Nearby places, Battersea - Railway stations

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During this period he did much of his best work in writing, teaching, and structural design. Although at different times he had visited France and the Netherlands either alone, or in the company of the Earl of Shrewsbury, he did not visit the great cities of Italy until 1847. The ecclesiastical buildings of Rome sorely disappointed him; but he had his compensation in the gift from Pius IX of a splendid gold medal as a token of approval, which gratified Pugin more than any event in his life. His second wife having died in 1844, he married in ...

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Augustus Pugin, Augustus Pugin - Early Years, Augustus Pugin - Marriage and Conversion, Augustus Pugin - Pugin the man, Augustus Pugin - Scarisbrick Hall, Augustus Pugin - St. Mary's College Oscott, Augustus Pugin - Houses of Parliament, Augustus Pugin - Writings, Augustus Pugin - 'Architectural Genius', Augustus Pugin - Pugin and the Earl of Shrewsbury, Augustus Pugin - Later Years, Augustus Pugin - Bibliography, Augustus Pugin - External link

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Most legislation may be introduced in either House, but, most commonly, is introduced in the House of Commons. Further information: Act of Parliament, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]]See also:

House of Lords, House of Lords - History, House of Lords - Reform, House of Lords - Lords Spiritual, House of Lords - Lords Temporal, House of Lords - Qualifications, House of Lords - Officers, House of Lords - Procedure, House of Lords - Committees, House of Lords - Legislative functions, House of Lords - Judicial functions, House of Lords - Relationship with the Government, House of Lords - Current composition

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Source: House of Lord official figures The House of Lords, as of January 9, 2005: Note: These figures exclude eight peers who are on leave of absence. †The number of hereditary peers 'allocated' to each party, which is based on the proportion of hereditary peers that belongs to that party, is: Conservative Party: 42 peers Labour Party: 2 peers Liberal Democ ...

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House of Lords, House of Lords - History, House of Lords - Reform, House of Lords - Lords Spiritual, House of Lords - Lords Temporal, House of Lords - Qualifications, House of Lords - Officers, House of Lords - Procedure, House of Lords - Committees, House of Lords - Legislative functions, House of Lords - Judicial functions, House of Lords - Relationship with the Government, House of Lords - Current composition

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London serves as an enormous engine for the global economy. As Europe's largest city economy, it generated $365 billion in 2004 (17% of the UK's Gross Domestic Product) although this only refers to the city proper. The economic impact of the entire London metropolitan area is far higher, year-on-year accounting for approximately 30% of the UK's GDP [9] or $642 billion (estimate) in 2004 - higher than the GDP of Brazil or Russia. London is also a large financial exporter making it a lar ...

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London, London - Defining London, London - Geography and climate, London - History, London - Modern London, London - Culture, London - London Districts, London - Central London, London - City of London, London - The West End, London - East London, London - The East End, London - Docklands, London - West London, London - North London, London - South London, London - Demographics, London - Government, London - Business and economy, London - Transport and infrastructure, London - Education, London - Media, London - Technology, London - Style and fashion, London - Religion, London - Sport, London - Tourist attractions, London - Places of interest, London - List of hotels in London, London - Buildings and monuments, London - Museums and galleries, London - Markets and shopping areas, London - Parks and gardens, London - Other places of interest, London - London in the arts, London - Literature featuring London, London - Films featuring London, London - Television programmes featuring London, London - Songs featuring London, London - Video Games featuring London, London - Major exhibitions staged in London, London - Parades

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Several different views have been taken of Parliament's sovereignty. According to the jurist Sir William Blackstone, "It has sovereign and uncontrollable authority in making, confirming, enlarging, restraining, abrogating, repealing, reviving, and expounding of laws, concerning matters of all possible denominations, ecclesiastical, or temporal, civil, military, maritime, or criminal … it can, in short, do every thing that is not naturally impossible." A different view, however, has been taken by the Scottish judge Lord Cooper of Cul ...

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Parliament of the United Kingdom, Parliament of the United Kingdom - History, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Parliament of England, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Parliament of Scotland, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Parliament of Ireland, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Parliament of Great Britain, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Parliament of the United Kingdom, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Modern era, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Composition, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Procedure, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Term, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Legislative functions, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Judicial functions, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Relationship with the Government, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Sovereignty, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Privileges

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London has hosted the Summer Olympics twice, in 1908 and 1948. In July 2005 London was chosen to host the Games in 2012, making it the first city in the world to host the Summer Olympics three times. The most popular spectator sport in London is football, and London has several of England's leading football clubs. Arsenal and Chelsea are regarded as two of the Premier League's "big three" alongside Manchester United, and regularly play in the UEFA Champions League; the other London clubs in the top flight are Charlton Athletic, Fulham ...

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London, London - Defining London, London - Geography and climate, London - History, London - Modern London, London - Culture, London - London Districts, London - Central London, London - City of London, London - The West End, London - East London, London - The East End, London - Docklands, London - West London, London - North London, London - South London, London - Demographics, London - Government, London - Business and economy, London - Transport and infrastructure, London - Education, London - Media, London - Technology, London - Style and fashion, London - Religion, London - Sport, London - Tourist attractions, London - Places of interest, London - List of hotels in London, London - Buildings and monuments, London - Museums and galleries, London - Markets and shopping areas, London - Parks and gardens, London - Other places of interest, London - London in the arts, London - Literature featuring London, London - Films featuring London, London - Television programmes featuring London, London - Songs featuring London, London - Video Games featuring London, London - Major exhibitions staged in London, London - Parades

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London - Literature featuring London. Main articles: London in fiction, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]]See also:

London, London - Defining London, London - Geography and climate, London - History, London - Modern London, London - Culture, London - London Districts, London - Central London, London - City of London, London - The West End, London - East London, London - The East End, London - Docklands, London - West London, London - North London, London - South London, London - Demographics, London - Government, London - Business and economy, London - Transport and infrastructure, London - Education, London - Media, London - Technology, London - Style and fashion, London - Religion, London - Sport, London - Tourist attractions, London - Places of interest, London - List of hotels in London, London - Buildings and monuments, London - Museums and galleries, London - Markets and shopping areas, London - Parks and gardens, London - Other places of interest, London - London in the arts, London - Literature featuring London, London - Films featuring London, London - Television programmes featuring London, London - Songs featuring London, London - Video Games featuring London, London - Major exhibitions staged in London, London - Parades

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Pugin had a longterm professional relationship with John Talbot, the sixteenth Earl of Shrewsbury. It was an interesting combination of minds for both architect and patron were Roman Catholic converts: Pugin, a wealthy gentleman architect from the upper middle class, and Talbot, the richest noble in the land. It was, to all intents and purposes, a business partnership made in heaven for the furtherance of God’s kingdom here on earth. Pugin’s God-given genius fused with the Catholic fervour and finance of the Talbots peppered Staff ...

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Augustus Pugin, Augustus Pugin - Early Years, Augustus Pugin - Marriage and Conversion, Augustus Pugin - Pugin the man, Augustus Pugin - Scarisbrick Hall, Augustus Pugin - St. Mary's College Oscott, Augustus Pugin - Houses of Parliament, Augustus Pugin - Writings, Augustus Pugin - 'Architectural Genius', Augustus Pugin - Pugin and the Earl of Shrewsbury, Augustus Pugin - Later Years, Augustus Pugin - Bibliography, Augustus Pugin - External link

Read more here: » Augustus Pugin: Encyclopedia II - Augustus Pugin - Pugin and the Earl of Shrewsbury

Pugin had a longterm professional relationship with John Talbot, the sixteenth Earl of Shrewsbury. It was an interesting combination of minds for both architect and patron were Roman Catholic converts: Pugin, a wealthy gentleman architect from the upper middle class, and Talbot, the richest noble in the land. It was, to all intents and purposes, a business partnership made in heaven for the furtherance of God’s kingdom here on earth. Pugin’s God-given genius fused with the Catholic fervour and finance of the Talbots peppered Staff ...

See also:

Augustus Pugin, Augustus Pugin - Early Years, Augustus Pugin - Marriage and Conversion, Augustus Pugin - Pugin the man, Augustus Pugin - Scarisbrick Hall, Augustus Pugin - St. Mary's College Oscott, Augustus Pugin - Houses of Parliament, Augustus Pugin - Writings, Augustus Pugin - 'Architectural Genius', Augustus Pugin - Pugin and the Earl of Shrewsbury, Augustus Pugin - Later Years, Augustus Pugin - Bibliography

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In knowledge of medieval architecture and in his insight into its spirit and form, he stood above all his contemporaries. As a draughtsman he was without a rival. The success of his career is to be sought not so much in the buildings he erected, which, being mostly for the Catholic body, were nearly always shorn of their chief splendour by the poverty of his patrons. He invented now new forms of design, though he freely used the old; his instinct led him to Art as such, but to the Gothic embodiment of Art, which seemed to him the only true f ...

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Augustus Pugin, Augustus Pugin - Early Years, Augustus Pugin - Marriage and Conversion, Augustus Pugin - Pugin the man, Augustus Pugin - Scarisbrick Hall, Augustus Pugin - St. Mary's College Oscott, Augustus Pugin - Houses of Parliament, Augustus Pugin - Writings, Augustus Pugin - 'Architectural Genius', Augustus Pugin - Pugin and the Earl of Shrewsbury, Augustus Pugin - Later Years, Augustus Pugin - Bibliography

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The influence he wielded must be ascribed as much to his vigorous writings and exquisite designs as to any particular edifice which he erected. His Contracts (1836) placed him at once ahead of the pioneers of the day. His "Glossary" (1844), so brilliant a revival in form and colour, produced nothing short of a revolution in church decoration. Scarcely less important were his designs for Furniture (1835), for Iron and Brass Work (1836), and for Gold and Silver-Smiths (1836) to which should be added his Ancient Timber Houses of the XVth and XVIth Centuries (1836), and his latest architectural work on See also:

Augustus Pugin, Augustus Pugin - Early Years, Augustus Pugin - Marriage and Conversion, Augustus Pugin - Pugin the man, Augustus Pugin - Scarisbrick Hall, Augustus Pugin - St. Mary's College Oscott, Augustus Pugin - Houses of Parliament, Augustus Pugin - Writings, Augustus Pugin - 'Architectural Genius', Augustus Pugin - Pugin and the Earl of Shrewsbury, Augustus Pugin - Later Years, Augustus Pugin - Bibliography

Read more here: » Augustus Pugin: Encyclopedia II - Augustus Pugin - Writings

During this period he did much of his best work in writing, teaching, and structural design. Although at different times he had visited France and the Netherlands either alone, or in the company of the Earl of Shrewsbury, he did not visit the great cities of Italy until 1847. The ecclesiastical buildings of Rome sorely disappointed him; but he had his compensation in the gift from Pius IX of a splendid gold medal as a token of approval, which gratified Pugin more than any event in his life. His second wife having died in 1844, he married in ...

See also:

Augustus Pugin, Augustus Pugin - Early Years, Augustus Pugin - Marriage and Conversion, Augustus Pugin - Pugin the man, Augustus Pugin - Scarisbrick Hall, Augustus Pugin - St. Mary's College Oscott, Augustus Pugin - Houses of Parliament, Augustus Pugin - Writings, Augustus Pugin - 'Architectural Genius', Augustus Pugin - Pugin and the Earl of Shrewsbury, Augustus Pugin - Later Years, Augustus Pugin - Bibliography

Read more here: » Augustus Pugin: Encyclopedia II - Augustus Pugin - Later Years

Augustus Northmore Welby Pugin was the son of an émigré French architect who came to England to escape the Revolution. His father, Augustin Pugin (originally de Pugin), a French Protestant of good family, worked in the fashionable “gothick” taste of the late 18th century. In England he got work as designer and illustrator of books on gothic architecture and decoration compiled by the architect John Nash. He also kept a number of pupils whom he trained, together with his son, in architectural drawing. Every summer this little school wen ...

See also:

Augustus Pugin, Augustus Pugin - Early Years, Augustus Pugin - Marriage and Conversion, Augustus Pugin - Pugin the man, Augustus Pugin - Scarisbrick Hall, Augustus Pugin - St. Mary's College Oscott, Augustus Pugin - Houses of Parliament, Augustus Pugin - Writings, Augustus Pugin - 'Architectural Genius', Augustus Pugin - Pugin and the Earl of Shrewsbury, Augustus Pugin - Later Years, Augustus Pugin - Bibliography, Augustus Pugin - External link

Read more here: » Augustus Pugin: Encyclopedia II - Augustus Pugin - Early Years