Pain is an unpleasant sensation which may be associated with actual or potential tissue damage and which may have physical and emotional components. According to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), one should distinguish between pain and nociception. The term "pain" is a subjective experience that typically accompanies nociception, but can also arise without any stimulus. It includes the emotional response. Nociception, on the other hand, is a neurophysiological term and denotes specific activity in nerv ...

Including:

• Pain - Types of pain
• Pain - Physiology
• Pain - Pain receptors
• Pain - Transmission of pain signals in the central nervous system
• Pain - Analgesia
• Pain - Survival benefit
• Pain - Children and pain
• Pain - Pain and alternative medicine

Read more here: » Pain: Encyclopedia - Pain

See also:

Pain, Pain - Types of pain, Pain - Physiology, Pain - Pain receptors, Pain - Transmission of pain signals in the central nervous system, Pain - Analgesia, Pain - Survival benefit, Pain - Children and pain, Pain - Pain and alternative medicine

Read more here: » Pain: Encyclopedia II - Pain - Types of pain

Pain - Pain receptors. All pain receptors are free nerve endings. There are mechanical, thermal and chemical pain receptors. They are found in skin and on internal surfaces such as periosteum and joint surfaces. Deep internal surfaces are only weakly supplied with pain receptors and will propagate sensations of chronic, aching pain if tissue damage in these areas is experienced. Pain receptors do not adapt to stimulus. In some conditions, excitation of pain fibres becomes greater as the pain stimulus continues, leading ...

See also:

Pain, Pain - Types of pain, Pain - Physiology, Pain - Pain receptors, Pain - Transmission of pain signals in the central nervous system, Pain - Analgesia, Pain - Survival benefit, Pain - Children and pain, Pain - Pain and alternative medicine

Read more here: » Pain: Encyclopedia II - Pain - Physiology

Chronic pain was originally defined as pain that has lasted 6 months or longer. It is now defined as pain that persists longer than the normal course of time associated with a particular type of injury. This constant or intermittent pain has often outlived its purpose, as it does not help the body to prevent injury. It is often more difficult to treat than acute pain. Expert physician care is generally necessary to treat any pain that has become chronic. When opioids are used for prolonged periods drug tolerance, chemical dependency a ...

Including:

• Chronic pain - Causes
• Chronic pain - Types

Read more here: » Chronic pain: Encyclopedia - Chronic pain

Congenital insensitivity to pain (or congenital analgia) is a rare condition where a child cannot feel (and has never felt) physical pain. Cognition and sensation is otherwise normal, for instance they can still feel discriminative touch and temperature, and there is no detectable physical abnormality. These children often present with oral cavity damage (such as having bitten of the tip of their tongue) or fractures to bones. Unnoticed infections, and corneal damage due to foreign objects in the eye are also seen. In some people with this disease, there m ...

Including:

• Congenital insensitivity to pain - Types of congenital pain indifference

Read more here: » Congenital insensitivity to pain: Encyclopedia - Congenital insensitivity to pain

Abdominal pain can be one of the symptoms associated with transient disorders or serious disease. Making a definitive diagnosis of the cause of a person's abdominal pain can be quite difficult, because so many diseases can result in this symptom. Abdominal pain - Introduction. Abdominal pain is traditionally described by its chronicity (acute or chronic), its progression over time, its nature (sharp, dull, colicky), its distribution (by various methods, such as abdominal quadrant (left upper quadrant, left ...

Including:

• Abdominal pain - Introduction
• Abdominal pain - Approaches
• Abdominal pain - Types and mechanisms
• Abdominal pain - Selected causes

Read more here: » Abdominal pain: Encyclopedia - Abdominal pain

Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon (φάρμακον) meaning drug, and logos (λόγος) meaning science) is the study of how chemical substances interact with living systems. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals. The field encompasses drug composition and properties, interactions, toxicology, therapy, and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities. The science is considered to have been invented by Arabic physicians in Baghdad during the Golden Age of Islam; phar ...

Including:

• Pharmacology - Scientific background
• Pharmacology - Classification
• Pharmacology - Types of medication
• Pharmacology - For the gastrointestinal tract or digestive system
• Pharmacology - For the cardiovascular system
• Pharmacology - For the central nervous system
• Pharmacology - For pain & consciousness Analgesic drugs
• Pharmacology - For musculo-skeletal disorders
• Pharmacology - For the eye
• Pharmacology - For the ear nose and oropharynx
• Pharmacology - For the respiratory system
• Pharmacology - For endocrine problems
• Pharmacology - For the reproductive system or urinary system
• Pharmacology - For contraception
• Pharmacology - For obstetrics and gynaecology
• Pharmacology - For the skin
• Pharmacology - For infections and infestations
• Pharmacology - For immunology
• Pharmacology - For allergic disorders
• Pharmacology - For nutrition
• Pharmacology - For neoplastic disorders
• Pharmacology - For diagnostics
• Pharmacology - For euthanasia
• Pharmacology - Other

Read more here: » Pharmacology: Encyclopedia - Pharmacology

Running is by definition the fastest means for an animal to move on foot. It is defined in sporting terms as a gait in which at some point all feet are off the ground at the same time. It is a form of aerobic exercise. Running - Jogging. Jogging is a poorly-defined term which generally refers to a type of slow running, previously called "roadwork" when athletes in training, such as boxers, customarily ran several miles each day as part of their conditioning. In the 1960s or 1970s the word "roadwork" ...

Including:

• Running - Jogging
• Running - Competitive running
• Running - Running injuries
• Running - Running speed
• Running - Types of running events
• Running - Classification of running by distance

Read more here: » Running: Encyclopedia - Running

A headache (medically known as cephalgia) is a condition of mild to severe pain in the head; sometimes upper back or neck pain may also be interpreted as a headache. Headache is the second-most common form of local pain. (The most common is molar pain, i.e. toothache in one or more of the flat-crowned teeth used for grinding food.) Headaches have a wide variety of causes, ranging from eyestrain to inflammation of the sinus cavities to life-threatening conditions such as encephalitis, brain cancer, meningitis, and cerebra ...

Including:

• Headache - Pathophysiology
• Headache - Types
• Headache - Causes
• Headache - Diagnosis
• Headache - Treatment

Read more here: » Headache: Encyclopedia - Headache

As an instrument of torture and interrogation in various places and eras, many different types of "boot" have been made to cause damage and pain to the feet. One type was made of four pieces of narrow board nailed together, of a competent length to fit the leg. The leg being placed therein, wedges were inserted and hammered in, causing horrible lacerations and shattering the bones. Th ...

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Also known as "sex headaches", coital cephalgia are a rare type of severe headache that occurs at the base of the skull before orgasm during sexual activity, including masturbation. The pain usually moves from the base of the skull through the head towards the frontal lobes. Extremely severe and sharp pain behind the eyes is also a symptom. The headaches usually have an immediate onset and typically last for a few minutes to a few hours, although it i ...

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Alpha blockers (also called alpha-adrenergic blocking agents) constitute a variety of drugs which block alpha-adrenergic receptors in arteries and smooth muscles. These drugs may be used to treat symptoms of noninflammatory chronic pelvic pain syndrome, a type of prostatitis. As a side effect they may reduce blood pressure and result in lightheadedness. Alpha blockers include doxazosin, prazosin and terazosin. ...

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Pharyngitis is a painful inflammation of the pharynx, and is colloquially referred to as a sore throat. Infection of the tonsils, tonsillitis (American English: tonsilitis) may occur simultaneously. The major cause is infection, of which 90% are viral, the remainder caused by bacterial infection and rarely oral thrush (fungal candidiasis e.g. in babies). Some cases of pharyngitis are caused by irritation from agents such as pollutants, chemicals, or smoke. Pharyngitis - Types. Including:

• Pharyngitis - Types
• Pharyngitis - Viral sore throats
• Pharyngitis - Bacterial sore throats
• Pharyngitis - Treatment
• Pharyngitis - Symptomatic

Read more here: » Pharyngitis: Encyclopedia - Pharyngitis

For the song (Anesthesia) Pulling Teeth by Metallica, go here. Anesthesia (American English), also anaesthesia (British English), is the process of blocking the perception of pain and other sensations. This allows patients to undergo surgery and other procedures without the distress and pain they would otherwise experience. It comes from the Greek roots an-, "without" and aesthetos, "perceptible, able to feel". Anesthesia - Types. There are several forms of anesthesia: ...

Including:

• Anesthesia - Types
• Anesthesia - Anaesthesiologists and the profession
• Anesthesia - History
• Anesthesia - Non-pharmacological methods
• Anesthesia - Herbal derivatives
• Anesthesia - Early gases and vapours
• Anesthesia - Anaesthetic equipment and physics
• Anesthesia - Anaesthetic agents
• Anesthesia - Local anaesthetics
• Anesthesia - Early opioids and hypnotics
• Anesthesia - Current pharmacological agents
• Anesthesia - Volatile agents
• Anesthesia - Choice of anesthetic technique
• Anesthesia - Related topics

Read more here: » Anesthesia: Encyclopedia - Anesthesia

Migraine is a form of headache, usually very intense and disabling. It is a neurologic disease. Migraine is the most common type of vascular headache. Migraine headaches are usually characterized by severe pain on one or both sides of the head, an upset stomach, and at times disturbed vision. The word "migraine" comes from the Greek construction "hemikranion" (ημικρανίον, pain affecting one side of the head) [1]. Migraine - Signs & Symptoms. Migraine with aura is a neurological disease ...

Including:

• Migraine - Signs & Symptoms
• Migraine - Pathophysiology
• Migraine - Migraine triggers
• Migraine - Treatment
• Migraine - Trigger avoidance
• Migraine - Preventive drugs
• Migraine - Alternative approaches
• Migraine - History
• Migraine - Prevalence
• Migraine - Economic impact
• Migraine - Acephalgic migraine
• Migraine - Migraine and stroke risk

Read more here: » Migraine: Encyclopedia - Migraine

A limp is a type of asymmetric abnormality of the gait generally associated with being lame. Limping may be caused by unequal leg lengths (short leg limp), experiencing pain when walking (antalgic limp, or trendelenburg), muscle weakness, disorders of proprioception, or stiffness of joints (in arthritis, for example). Someone taking a step with a limp appears to begin to kneel and then quickly rise up on the other leg; to bystanders the process may appear arduous an ...

Including:

• Limp - Fiction Characters With Limps

Read more here: » Limp: Encyclopedia - Limp

Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventative surgery for such problems. Amputation - Types. Types of amputation include: leg amputation of digits partial foot amputation (Chopart, Lisfranc) ankle disarticulation (Syme, Pyrogoff) below-knee amputatio ...

Including:

• Amputation - Types
• Amputation - Method
• Amputation - Complications
• Amputation - Autoamputation

Read more here: » Amputation: Encyclopedia - Amputation

A uterine malformation is the result of an abnormal development of the Mullerian duct(s) during embryogenesis. The range of impact reaches from amenorrhea, infertility, pain, to normal functioning pending on the character of the defect. Uterine malformations affect about 1% of the female population. Uterine malformation - Types. The American Fertility Society (now American Society of Reproductive Medicine) Classification distinguishes: Class I: Mullerian agenesis (absent uterus). Class ...

Including:

• Uterine malformation - Types
• Uterine malformation - Diagnosis
• Uterine malformation - Treatment

Read more here: » Uterine malformation: Encyclopedia - Uterine malformation

Clonidine is a centrally acting antihypertensive (to lower high blood pressure) agent, used mainly for this purpose in the past. It has found new uses, including treatment of some types of neuropathic pain, opioid detoxification, and, off-label, to counter the side effects of stimulant medication such as Methylphenidate. It is also increasingly becoming a more accepted alternative to fight insomnia as the drug is less addictive than most prescription sleep aids. Because of the above effects, Clonidine is increasingly used in conjuncti ...

Including:

• Clonidine - Mechanism of action
• Clonidine - Administration

Read more here: » Clonidine: Encyclopedia - Clonidine

Auel Neider is a fictional character in the anime series Gundam SEED Destiny. Auel is, together with Sting Oakley and Stellar Loussier, one of the three Extended pilots of the Earth Alliance’s special forces team, called Phantom Pain. He is the most impulsive and brutal of the three, killing his enemies mercilessly and even laughing crazily when he kills many people. Together with his comrades he sneaks into the PLANT colony Armory One, where he steals one of the three new Gundam-type mobile suits, the ZGMF-X31S Abyss. He the ...

Including:

• Auel Neider - Personal Data

Read more here: » Auel Neider: Encyclopedia - Auel Neider