Encyclopedia - Oxygen: Encyclopedia - Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element in the periodic table. It has the symbol O and atomic number 8. The element is very common, found not only o...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Oxygen: Spiritual - Theosophy Dictionary On Oxygen
Oxygen The physical elements are merely the grossest manifestations or reflections on this material plane of invisible, intangible spi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxygen: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen - Applications
Liquid oxygen finds use as an oxidizer in rocket propulsion. Oxygen is essential to respiration, so oxygen supplementation has found use ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Artificial Respiration: Encyclopedia Ii - Artificial Respiration - Oxygen
Depending on your training and environment, you might have an oxygen first aid set at your disposal. If a patient is in a state of respir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxygen: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen - Characteristics
At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen exists as a diatomic molecule with the formula O2, in which the two oxygen atoms are doubly ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Basic Oxygen Furnace: Encyclopedia - Basic Oxygen Furnace
The basic oxygen furnace is the place within a foundry where molten iron from the blast furnace is changed into liquid steel. The vast ma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Oxygen Demand: Encyclopedia - Chemical Oxygen Demand
In environmental chemistry, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) test is commonly used to indirectly measure the amount of organic compounds ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vanabins: Encyclopedia - Vanabins
Vanabins (also known as vanadium-associated proteins or vanadium chromagen) are a class of metalloproteins containing vanadium. Found onl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Asphyxia: Encyclopedia - Asphyxia
Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body. In the absence of remedial action it will ver...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apnea: Encyclopedia - Apnea
Apnea (British spelling - apnoea) (Greek απνοια, from α-, privative, πνεειν, to breathe) is a technical term for suspension ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Artificial Respiration: Encyclopedia - Artificial Respiration
Artificial respiration is a technique for providing air for a person who is not breathing on their own but whose heart is still beating. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Drowning: Encyclopedia - Drowning
Drowning is death caused by the filling of the lungs by a fluid, usually water, rendering breathing impossible and leading to death due t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ether: Encyclopedia - Ether
Ether is the general name for a class of chemical compounds which contain an ether group — an oxygen atom connected to two (substituted...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Water Injection Oil Production: Encyclopedia - Water Injection Oil Production
The water injection method used in oil production is where water is injected back into the reservoir usually to increase pressure and the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxygen Toxicity: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen Toxicity - Types Of Oxygen Toxicity
In humans, there are several types of oxygen toxicity: Central nervous system (CNS) oxygen toxicity is manifested as convulsions, which ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxygen Depletion: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen Depletion - Causes Of Oxygen Depletion
Oxygen depletion could be the result of a number of factors including natural ones, but is of most concern as a consequence of pollution ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxygen Cycle: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen Cycle - Ozone
The presence of atmospheric oxygen has led to the formation of ozone and the ozone layer within the stratosphere. The ozone layer is extr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxygen Toxicity: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen Toxicity - Avoiding Oxygen Toxicity While Diving
There is an increased risk of CNS oxygen toxicity on deep dives, long dives or dives where oxygen-rich breathing gases are used. Divers a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxygen Depletion: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen Depletion - Solutions
To combat hypoxia, it is essential to reduce the amount of land-derived nutrients reaching rivers in runoff. Defensively this can be done...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Oxygen Generator: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemical Oxygen Generator - Oxygen Candle
A chlorate candle, or an oxygen candle, is a cylindrical chemical oxygen generator containing a mix of sodium chlorate and iron powder. W...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Oxygen Therapy: Alternative Treatment Dictionary On Oxygen Therapy
Oxygen Therapy: Hydrogen peroxide therapy, ozone therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) supply increased ozygen to the body. &...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Oxygen Therapy: Complementary Medicine Dictionary On Oxygen Therapy
OXYGEN THERAPY: Forms of oxygen (ozone) have been used in many contexts from water purification to a disinfectant in the bottling indu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxygen Depletion: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen Depletion - Solutions
To combat hypoxia, it is essential to reduce the amount of land-derived nutrients reaching rivers in runoff. Defensively this can be done...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Oxygen Treatment: Holistic Treatment Dictionary On Oxygen Treatment
Oxygen Treatment: Oxygen is used to cleanse and refresh. In an Oxygen Facial, after cleansing, steaming and exfoliation, your face is ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxygen Sensor: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen Sensor - Scientific Applications
In marine biology or limnology oxygen measurements are usually done in order to measure respiration of a community or an organism, but it...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxygen Isotope Ratio Cycle: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen Isotope Ratio Cycle - Isotopes Of Oxygen
An Oxygen molecule (chemical symbol O) has three naturally occuring isotopes: O-16, O-17 and O-18, where the 16, 17 and 18 refer to the a...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Dissolved Oxygen: Oceanography Dictionary - Dissolved Oxygen
  Definition and meaning of dissolved oxygen:   dissolved oxygen - the concentration of oxygen dissolved in water, expres...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Oxygen Isotopes: Oceanography Dictionary - Oxygen Isotopes
  Definition and meaning of oxygen isotopes:   oxygen isotopes - oxygen atoms that have the same atomic number (protons)...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxygen Sensor: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen Sensor - Diving Applications
The diving type of oxygen sensor, which is sometimes called an oxygen analyser or ppO2 meter, is used in SCUBA diving. They are used to m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxygen Toxicity: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen Toxicity - Common Causes
The oxygen toxicity syndrome may occur as a diving disorder, when divers breathe any breathing gas at the high pressure of depth, as a p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxygen Sensor: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen Sensor - Automotive Applications
An automotive oxygen sensor, also known as an O2 sensor, lambda probe, lambda sensor, lambda sond or EGO (exhaust gas oxygen) sensor, is ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxygen Saturation: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen Saturation - Medical Science
In medicine, oxygen saturation (SaO2) measures the percentage of hemoglobin binding sites in the bloodstream occupied by oxygen. At low p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxygen Saturation: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen Saturation - Environmental Sciences
In aquatic environments, oxygen saturation is a relative measure of the amount of oxygen (O2) dissolved in the water. Dissolved oxygen (D...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Oxygen Demand: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemical Oxygen Demand - History
For many years, the strong oxidizing agent potassium permanganate (KMn04) was used for measuring chemical oxygen demand. Measurements wer...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxygen Depletion: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen Depletion - Causes Of Hypoxia
Oxygen depletion could be the result of a number of factors including natural ones, but is of most concern as a consequence of pollution ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Encyclopedia Ii - Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy - Uses
Several therapeutic principles are made use of in HBOT: The increased overall pressure is of therapeutic value when HBOT is used in the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Oxygen Demand: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemical Oxygen Demand - Overview
COD is based on the fact that nearly all organic compounds can be fully oxidized to carbon dioxide with a strong oxidizing agent under ac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Encyclopedia Ii - Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy - Complications
There are risks associated with HBOT, similar to some diving disorders:- Pressure changes can cause a 'squeeze' or barotrauma in the tis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Encyclopedia Ii - Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy - Treatments
The slang term for a cycle of pressurization inside the HBO chamber is "a dive". Emergency HBOT for diving disorders typically follows on...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Dissolved Oxygen, Do: Oceanography Dictionary - Dissolved Oxygen, Do
  Definition and meaning of dissolved oxygen:   DO (dissolved oxygen) - the concentration of free oxygen dissolved in wat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apnea: Encyclopedia Ii - Apnea - Apneic Oxygenation
Because the exchange of gases between the blood and airspace of the lungs is independent of the movement of gas to and from the lungs, a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxygen Isotope Ratio Cycle: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen Isotope Ratio Cycle - Connection Between Isotopes And Temperature
O-18 is two neutrons heavier than O-16 and causes the water molecule in which it occurs to be heavier by that amount. The addition of mor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Oxygen Demand: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemical Oxygen Demand - Using Potassium Dichromate
Potassium dichromate is a strong oxidizing agent under acidic conditions. (Acidity is usually achieved by the addition of sulfuric acid.)...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Oxygen Demand: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemical Oxygen Demand - Inorganic Interference
Some samples of water contain high levels of oxidizable inorganic materials which may interfere with the determination of COD. Because of...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Oxygen Isotope Ratio, 18o: Oceanography Dictionary - Oxygen Isotope Ratio, 18o
  Definition and meaning of oxygen isotope ratio, 18O:   oxygen isotope ratio (18O) - an expression for the ratio of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Encyclopedia Ii - Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy - Historical Link To Diving
Initially, HBOT was developed as a treatment for diving disorders involving bubbles of gas in the tissues, such as decompression sickness...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ozone-oxygen Cycle: Encyclopedia Ii - Ozone-oxygen Cycle - How Ozone Is Made
In the first step, an ozone molecule's life begins when intense ultraviolet solar radiation (less than 240 nm in wavelength) breaks apart...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ozone-oxygen Cycle: Encyclopedia Ii - Ozone-oxygen Cycle - How Ozone Works
When ozone in the upper atmosphere is hit by ultraviolet solar radiation, it quickly undergoes a chemical reaction. The triatomic ozone m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Encyclopedia Ii - Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy - Chambers For Home Treatment
There are portable HBOT chambers, which are often used for home treatment. These are usually referred to as "mild chambers", which is a r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Encyclopedia Ii - Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy - The Traditional Chamber
The traditional type of HBOT chamber is a hard shelled pressure vessel. Such chambers can be run at absolute pressures up to 600 kilopasc...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Bod,: Oceanography Dictionary - Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Bod,
  Definition and meaning of Biochemical Oxygen Demand:   BOD (Biological (or Biochemical) Oxygen Demand) - the oxygen use...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Bod: Oceanography Dictionary - Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Bod
  Definition and meaning of biochemical oxygen demand:   biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) - the amount of oxygen taken up ...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Chemical Oxygen Demand, Cod: Oceanography Dictionary - Chemical Oxygen Demand, Cod
  Definition and meaning of Chemical Oxygen Demand:   COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) - a measure of the chemically oxidizab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Precambrian: Encyclopedia Ii - Precambrian - Planetary Environment And The Oxygen Catastrophe
Details of plate motions and such are only hazily known in the Precambrian. It is generally believed that most of the Earth's landmasses ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hemoglobin: Encyclopedia Ii - Hemoglobin - Other Biological Oxygen-binding Proteins
Hemoglobin is by no means unique; there are a variety of oxygen transport and binding proteins throughout the animal (and plant) kingdom....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mount Everest: Encyclopedia Ii - Mount Everest - Bottled Oxygen Controversy
The use of bottled oxygen to ascend Mount Everest has been extremely controversial. George Mallory himself decribed the use of such oxyge...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mount Everest: Encyclopedia Ii - Mount Everest - Bottled Oxygen Controversy
The use of bottled oxygen to ascend Mount Everest has been extremely controversial. George Mallory himself decried the use of such oxygen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hemoglobin: Encyclopedia Ii - Hemoglobin - Other Biological Oxygen-binding Proteins
Hemoglobin is by no means unique; there are a variety of oxygen transport and binding proteins throughout the animal (and plant) kingdom....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Electrolysis Of Water: Encyclopedia Ii - Electrolysis Of Water - Testing The Presence Of Oxygen And Hydrogen
In order to recognize if the reaction has been produced an indicator such as phenolphthalein is used to test hydroxide production. Both e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Blood Substitutes: Encyclopedia Ii - Blood Substitutes - Current Oxygen Therapeutics Under Development
Blood substitutes - Perfluorocarbon based. Oxygent, by Alliance Pharmaceutical. Status: U.S. phase II trials, European phase III trial...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Air-independent Propulsion: Encyclopedia Ii - Air-independent Propulsion - Internal Oxygen Supply
Air-independent propulsion - History. During the Second World War the German firm Walter experimented with submarines that used concent...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Encyclopedia Ii - Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy - The Traditional Chamber
The traditional type of HBOT chamber is a hard shelled pressure vessel. Such chambers can be run at absolute pressures up to 600 kilopasc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vanabins: Encyclopedia Ii - Vanabins - Theories
Vanabins - Vanabins as oxygen carriers. Because of the high concentration of vanadium in the blood, it has been assumed that vanabins a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apnea: Encyclopedia Ii - Apnea - Mechanism
Under normal conditions, humans cannot store much oxygen in the body. Apnea of more than approximately one minute's duration therefore le...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxidative Phosphorylation: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxidative Phosphorylation - Inhibitors
There are a few well-known toxins that affect the process of oxidative phosphorylation and can lead to breakdown of the chain: Cyanide i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apnea: Encyclopedia Ii - Apnea - Hyperventilation
Many people have discovered, on their own, that voluntary hyperventilation before beginning voluntary apnea allows them to hold their bre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Blood Substitutes: Encyclopedia Ii - Blood Substitutes - Advantages
Oxygen therapeutics even if widely available would not eliminate the use of human blood, which performs various functions besides oxygen ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Blood Substitutes: Encyclopedia Ii - Blood Substitutes - Towards Artificial Blood
Artificial blood is supposed to fulfill some functions of biological blood, especially in humans. The term oxygen therapeutic is more acc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hemoglobin: Encyclopedia Ii - Hemoglobin - Binding Of Ligands
In the tetrameric form of normal adult hemoglobin, the binding of oxygen is a cooperative process. The binding affinity of hemoglobin for...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nucleophile: Encyclopedia Ii - Nucleophile - Common Examples
In the example below, the oxygen of the hydroxide ion donates an electron to bond with the carbon at the end of the bromopropane molecule...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nucleophile: Encyclopedia Ii - Nucleophile - Common Examples
In the example below, the oxygen of the hydroxide ion donates an electron to bond with the carbon at the end of the bromopropane molecule...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rebreather: Encyclopedia Ii - Rebreather - Main Rebreather Design Variants
Rebreather - Oxygen rebreather. This is the oldest type of rebreather and was commonly used by navies from the early twentieth century....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Blood Substitutes: Encyclopedia Ii - Blood Substitutes - Volume Expanders
When blood is lost, the greatest immediate need is replacing the lost volume. This way remaining red cells can still oxygenate body tissu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Enriched Air Nitrox: Encyclopedia Ii - Enriched Air Nitrox - Dangers
Enriched Air Nitrox - Oxygen toxicity. Diving and handling Nitrox raises a number of potentially fatal dangers due to the high partial ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hemoglobin: Encyclopedia Ii - Hemoglobin - Binding Of Ligands
In the tetrameric form of normal adult hemoglobin, the binding of oxygen is a cooperative process. The binding affinity of hemoglobin for...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anoxic Event: Encyclopedia Ii - Anoxic Event - Mechanism
The mechanism by which anoxic events occur is still very poorly understood. It is believed that, with the oceans very warm, and, in the c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rebreather: Encyclopedia Ii - Rebreather - Risks And Precautions With Rebreather Diving
Many diver training organizations teach the "diluent flush" technique as a safe way to restore the mix in the loop to a level of oxygen t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxide - Chemical Properties
Oxides are formed in redox reactions through oxidation in which a reducing agent is allowed to react with molecular oxygen (O2) or oxidiz...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Paleoclimatology: Encyclopedia Ii - Paleoclimatology - History Of The Atmosphere
Paleoclimatology - Earliest atmosphere. The earliest atmosphere of the Earth was probably stripped away by solar winds early in the his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Breathing Gas: Encyclopedia Ii - Breathing Gas - Individual Component Gases
Breathing gas - Oxygen. Oxygen (O2) must be present in every breathing gas. This is because it is essential to the human body's metabol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rebreather: Encyclopedia Ii - Rebreather - History Of Rebreathers
Also see Timeline of underwater technology. Around 1620 in England, Cornelius Drebbel made an early oar-powered submarine. Records show t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Precambrian: Encyclopedia Ii - Precambrian - Overview
Remarkably little is known about the Precambrian, despite it making up roughly seven-eighths of the earth's history, and what little is k...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Precambrian: Encyclopedia Ii - Precambrian - Life Before The Cambrian
It is not known when life originated, but carbon in 3800 million year old rocks from islands off western Greenland may be of organic orig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rebreather: Encyclopedia Ii - Rebreather - Basics
Rebreather technology is used in many environments: Underwater - where it is sometimes known as "closed circuit scuba" as opposed to Aqu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Enriched Air Nitrox: Encyclopedia Ii - Enriched Air Nitrox - Richness Of Mix
Nitrox with more than 40% oxygen is uncommon within entry-level recreational diving. Nitrox with 50% to 80% oxygen is common in technical...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heart-lung Machine: Encyclopedia Ii - Heart-lung Machine - Components Of A Heart-lung Machine
Heart-lung machines consist of two main functional units, the pump and the oxygenator. Heart-lung machine - Pump. The pump is usually s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxide - Current Naming
Oxides can be named after the amount of oxygen atoms in the oxide. Oxides containing only one oxygen are called oxide or monoxide, those ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Electrolysis Of Water: Encyclopedia Ii - Electrolysis Of Water - What Is Involved?
The device is complete with glassware, platinum and carbon electrodes, and a support stand; it demonstrates the decomposition of water in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Enriched Air Nitrox: Encyclopedia Ii - Enriched Air Nitrox - Purpose
Nitrox is mainly used in Scuba diving to reduce the proportion of nitrogen in the breathing gas mixture. Reducing the proportion of nitro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anoxic Event: Encyclopedia Ii - Anoxic Event - Consequences
Anoxic events have had many important consequences. It is believed that they have been responsible for mass extinctions of marine organis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Artificial Respiration: Encyclopedia Ii - Artificial Respiration - Insufflations
Insufflation is the act of mechanically forcing air into a patient's respiratory system. In the United States and other countries, these ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Drowning: Encyclopedia Ii - Drowning - The Drowning Process
Drowning - Common situations leading to drowning. Most drownings occur in water, drownings in other fluids are comparatively rare and o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Redox: Encyclopedia Ii - Redox - Redox Reactions In Biology
Much biological energy is stored and released by means of redox reactions. Photosynthesis involves the reduction of carbon dioxide into s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rebreather: Encyclopedia Ii - Rebreather - Parts Of A Rebreather
There are several design variations of diving rebreather. All types have a gas-tight loop that the diver inhales from and exhales into. T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rebreather: Encyclopedia Ii - Rebreather - Advantages Of Rebreather Diving
The main advantage of the rebreather over other breathing equipment is the rebreather's economical use of gas. With the "open circuit" Aq...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hemoglobin: Encyclopedia Ii - Hemoglobin - Structure
The Haemoglobin molecule is an assembly of four globular protein subunits. Each subunit is composed of a protein chain tightly associated...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Catalytic Converter: Encyclopedia Ii - Catalytic Converter - Purpose And Function Of Catalytic Converters
A three-way catalytic converter has three simultaneous tasks: oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide: 2CO + O2 → 2CO2 reductio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Space Shuttle External Tank: Encyclopedia Ii - Space Shuttle External Tank - Components
Space Shuttle external tank - Liquid oxygen tank. The liquid oxygen tank is an aluminum monocoque structure composed of a fusion-welded...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxygen: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen - Precautions
Oxygen can be toxic at elevated partial pressures (i.e. high relative concentrations). This is important in some forms of scuba diving, s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oxygen: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen - History
Oxygen was first discovered by Michał Sędziwój, Polish alchemist and philosopher in late 16th century. Sędziwój assumed the existenc...   » Read the article