oxide

Agate is a term applied not to a distinct mineral species, but to an aggregate of various forms of silica, chiefly chalcedony. According to Theophrastus, the agate (achates) was named from the river Achates, now the Drillo, in Sicily, where the stone was first found. Agate - Formation and characteristics. Most agates occur as nodules in eruptive rocks or ancient lavas where they represent cavities originally produced by the disengagement of vapour in the molten mass which were then filled, wholly or ...

Including:

• Agate - Formation and characteristics
• Agate - Types of agate
• Agate - Agate beliefs
• Agate - Reference

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In common usage, peroxide is an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide (HOOH or H2O2) sold for use as a disinfectant or mild bleach. The usual peroxide used in commercial applications is a dilute solution containing traces of stabilisers, and is sold in either brown glass or opaque polyethylene bottles to minimise the rate of decomposition. The concentrations sold are generally either 3% (w/v) or 6% (w/v); these are sometimes described as "10 volume" and "20 volume", respectively. This refers to the relativ ...

See also:

Peroxide, Peroxide - Colloquial meaning, Peroxide - Organic chemistry, Peroxide - Inorganic chemistry

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The cassette was a great step forward in convenience from reel-to-reel audio tape recording, though because of the limitations of the cassette's size and speed, it initially compared poorly in quality. Unlike the open reel format, the two stereo tracks lie adjacent to each other rather than a 1/3 and 2/4 arrangement. This permitted monaural cassette players to play stereo recordings "summed" as mono tracks and permitted stereo players to play mono recordings through both speakers. The tape is 3.18 mm wide (nominally 1⁄8See also:

Compact audio cassette, Compact audio cassette - Features of the cassette, Compact audio cassette - Cassette types, Compact audio cassette - Noise reduction and fidelity, Compact audio cassette - Playback length, Compact audio cassette - Write-protection, Compact audio cassette - Applications, Compact audio cassette - Audio, Compact audio cassette - Home studio, Compact audio cassette - Home dubbing, Compact audio cassette - Data recording, Compact audio cassette - Cassette equipment, Compact audio cassette - Successors to the cassette, Compact audio cassette - Present and future of the compact cassette, Compact audio cassette - Cassette in other languages

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Chromite, iron magnesium chromium oxide: (Fe,Mg)Cr2O4, is an oxide mineral belonging to the spinel group. Magnesium is always present in variable amounts, also aluminium and iron substitute for chromium. Chromite is found in peridotite and other layered ultramafic intrusive rocks and also found in metamorphic rocks such as serpentinites. Ore deposits of chromite form as early magmatic differentiates. It is commonly associated with olivine, magnetite, serpentine, and corundum. The vast Bushveld igneous comp ...

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In chemistry, salt is a term used for ionic compounds composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, so that the product is neutral and without a net charge. These ions can be inorganic (Cl-) as well as organic (CH3-COO-) and monoatomic (F-) as well as polyatomic ions (SO42-). Solutions of salts in water are called electrolytes. Electrolytes as well as molten salts conduct electricity. Zwitterions are salts that contain an anionic center and a cationic center in the same molecule, examples are the amino acids ...

Including:

• Salt - Appearance
• Salt - Consistency
• Salt - Color
• Salt - Taste
• Salt - Odor
• Salt - Nomenclature
• Salt - Formation

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Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon being the primary alloying material. Carbon acts as a hardening agent, preventing iron atoms, which are naturally arranged in a lattice, from sliding past one another. Varying the amount of carbon and its distribution in the alloy controls qualities such as the hardness, elasticity, ductility, and tensile strength of the resulting steel. Steel with increased carbon content can be made harder and stronger than iron, but is also more brittle. One classical definition is t ...

Including:

• Steel - Iron and steel
• Steel - History of iron and steelmaking
• Steel - The Iron Age
• Steel - Developments in China
• Steel - India
• Steel - Middle East
• Steel - Ironworking in medieval Europe
• Steel - Ironworking in early modern Europe
• Steel - Industrial steelmaking
• Steel - Types of steel
• Steel - Production methods

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Yellowcake (also known as urania and uranic oxide) is concentrated uranium oxide, obtained through the milling of uranium ore. It is usually represented by the formula U3O8. It is radioactive, forming a coarse powder which is insoluble in water and contains about 80% uranium oxide, and melts at approximately 2878°C. It is created by passing raw uranium ore through crushers and grinders to produce "pulped" ore. This is then bathed in sulfuric acid to leach out the urani ...

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In chemistry, an anhydride is typically an oxide of a nonmetallic element or an organic radical, capable of forming an acid by uniting with the elements of water. The anhydride is so called because it may be formed from an acid by the removal of water. Examples of inorganic anhydrides include dinitrogen pentoxide, which is the anhydride of nitric acid, and sulfur trioxide, which is the anhydride of sulfuric acid. Useful organic anhydrides include acetic anhydride (an acid anhydride), formed by the condensation of acetic acid: 2 CH3COOH → (CH

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The windshield or windscreen of an aircraft, automobile, or motorcycle, is the front window. Modern windshields are generally made of laminated safety glass, which consists of two curved sheets of glass with a plastic layer laminated between them for safety, and are glued into the window frame. Earlier windshields were made of toughened glass and were fitted in the frame using a rubber or neoprene seal. Windshields protect the vehicle's occupants from wind, temperature extremes, and flying debris such as dust, insects, a ...

Including:

• Windshield - Terminology

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Corrosion is deterioration of useful properties in a material due to reactions with its environment. Weakening of steel due to oxidation of the iron atoms is a well-known example of electrochemical corrosion. This type of damage usually affects metallic materials, and typically produces oxide(s) and/or salt(s) of the original metal. Corrosion also includes the dissolution of ceramic materials and can refer to discoloration and weake ...

Including:

• Corrosion - Corrosion in nonmetals
• Corrosion - Electrochemical theory
• Corrosion - Galvanic series
• Corrosion - Resistance to corrosion
• Corrosion - Intrinsic chemistry
• Corrosion - Passivation
• Corrosion - Surface treatments
• Corrosion - Cathodic protection
• Corrosion - Corrosion in passivated materials
• Corrosion - Pitting corrosion
• Corrosion - Fretting
• Corrosion - Weld decay and knifeline attack
• Corrosion - Microbial corrosion
• Corrosion - Economic impact

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Uranium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol U and atomic number 92. Heavy, silvery-white, toxic, metallic, naturally radioactive, pyrophoric, and teratogenic uranium belongs to the actinide series and its isotope 235U is used as the fuel for nuclear reactors and the explosive material for nuclear weapons. Depleted uranium is used in incindiary projectile weapons. Uranium is commonly found in very small amounts in rocks, soil, water, plants, and animals (including humans). Uranium - ...

Including:

• Uranium - Notable characteristics
• Uranium - Applications
• Uranium - History
• Uranium - Military applications
• Uranium - Uranium exploration and mining
• Uranium - Rise stagnation and possible renaissance of uranium mining
• Uranium - Risks of uranium mining
• Uranium - Codenames tuballoy and oralloy
• Uranium - Compounds
• Uranium - Occurrence
• Uranium - Production and distribution
• Uranium - Isotopes
• Uranium - Precautions

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Copper(II) oxide or cupric oxide (CuO) is the higher oxide of copper. It is a black solid which melts above 1200 °C with some loss of oxygen. It can be formed by heating copper in air, but in this case it is formed along with copper(I) oxide; thus, it is better prepared by heating copper(II) nitrate, copper(II) hydroxide or copper(II) carbonate: CuCO3 → CuO + CO2 Copper(II) oxide is a basic oxide, so it dissolves in mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid to give the corresponding copper(II) salts: CuO + 2 HNO3

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The compact audio cassette medium for audio storage was introduced by Philips in 1963 under the name Compact Cassette. Although there were other magnetic tape cartridge systems at the time, the Compact Cassette became dominant as a result of Philips' decision (in the face of pressure from Sony) to license the format free of charge. It went on to become a popular (and re-recordable) alternative to the vinyl record deck during the 1970s. During the 1980s, ...

Including:

• Compact audio cassette - Features of the cassette
• Compact audio cassette - Cassette types
• Compact audio cassette - Noise reduction and fidelity
• Compact audio cassette - Playback length
• Compact audio cassette - Write-protection
• Compact audio cassette - Applications
• Compact audio cassette - Audio
• Compact audio cassette - Home studio
• Compact audio cassette - Home dubbing
• Compact audio cassette - Data recording
• Compact audio cassette - Cassette equipment
• Compact audio cassette - Successors to the cassette
• Compact audio cassette - Present and future of the compact cassette
• Compact audio cassette - Cassette in other languages

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Copper(I) oxide or cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is an oxide of copper. It is insoluble in water and organic solvents. Copper(I) oxide dissolves in concentrated ammonia solution to form the colourless complex [Cu(NH3)2]+, which easily oxidises in air to the blue [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+. It dissolves in hydrochloric acid to form HCuCl2 (a complex of CuCl), while dilute sulfuric acid and nitric acid produce co ...

Including:

• CopperI oxide - Applications as semiconductor

Read more here: » CopperI oxide: Encyclopedia - CopperI oxide

Cubic Zirconia (or CZ) is zirconium oxide (ZrO2), a mineral that is extremely rare in nature but is widely synthesized for use as a diamond simulant. The synthesized material is hard, optically flawless and usually colorless, but may be made in a variety of different colors. It should not be confused with zircon, which is a zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4). Because of its low cost, durability, and close visual likeness to diamond, synthetic cubic zirconia has remained the most gemologically and economica ...

Including:

• Cubic zirconia - Technical aspects
• Cubic zirconia - History
• Cubic zirconia - Synthesis
• Cubic zirconia - Innovations
• Cubic zirconia - CZ versus diamond

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Aluminium oxide or aluminum oxide is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula Al2O3. It is also commonly referred to as alumina in the mining, ceramic, and materials science communities. Alumina is generally available in two concentrations: 99.5% and 96%. Aluminium oxide is responsible for metallic aluminium's resistance to weathering. Metallic aluminium is very reactive with atmospheric oxygen, and a thin passivation layer of aluminium oxide quickly forms on any ...

Including:

• Aluminium oxide - Industrial Fabrication Process

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In chemistry, a metal (Greek: Metallon) is an element that readily forms ions (cations) and has metallic bonds, and metals are sometimes described as a lattice of positive ions (cations) in a cloud of electrons. The metals are one of the three groups of elements as distinguished by their ionisation and bonding properties, along with the metalloids and nonmetals. On the periodic table, a diagonal line drawn from boron (B) to polonium (Po) separates the metals from the nonmetals. Elements on this line are metalloids, sometimes called semi-metals; elements to the lower left are metals ...

Including:

• Metal - Alloys
• Metal - Physical properties
• Metal - Metal oxides
• Metal - Astronomy

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Benzene, also known as C6H6, PhH, and benzol, is an organic chemical compound which is a colorless and flammable liquid with a pleasant, sweet smell. Benzene is a known carcinogen. It is a component of gasoline. It is an important industrial solvent and precursor in the production of drugs, plastics, gasoline, synthetic rubber, and dyes. Benzene is a natural constituent of crude oil, but it is usually synthesized from other compounds present in petroleum. Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon, a ...

Including:

• Benzene - History
• Benzene - Structure
• Benzene - Substituted benzenes
• Benzene - Alkyl substituents alkylbenzenes
• Benzene - Other substituents
• Benzene - Fused aromatic rings
• Benzene - Heterocyclic analogs
• Benzene - Production
• Benzene - Catalytic reforming
• Benzene - Toluene hydrodealkylation
• Benzene - Steam cracking
• Benzene - Uses
• Benzene - Reactions of benzene
• Benzene - Electrophilic aromatic substitution
• Benzene - Friedel-Crafts acylation
• Benzene - Friedel-Crafts alkylation
• Benzene - Health effects
• Benzene - Benzene exposure

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Chalcedony is one of the cryptocrystalline varieties of the mineral quartz, having a waxy luster. Chalcedony may be semitransparent or translucent and is usually white to gray, grayish-blue or some shade of brown, sometimes nearly black. Other shades have been given different names. A clear red chalcedony is known as carnelian or sard; a green variety colored by nickel oxide is called chrysoprase. Prase is a dull green and onyx is black and white banded. Plasma is a bright to emerald-green chalcedony that is sometimes found with small ...

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To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists temperatures between 10 kelvins and 100 kelvins. Temperatures lower than 10 K 10 K is equivalent to -263.15 °C. 14.01 K: melting point of hydrogen 20.28 K: boiling point of hydrogen 33 K: critical temperature of hydrogen 44 K (-229 °C): mean surface temperature of Pluto 53 K (-220 °C): mean "surface" temperature of Neptune 68 K (-205 °C): mean "surface" temperature of Uranus < ...

Including:

• 1 E1 K - External link

Read more here: » 1 E1 K: Encyclopedia - 1 E1 K