As a secondary mineral, turquoise apparently forms by the action of percolating acidic aqueous solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing minerals. For example, the copper may come from primary copper sulfides such as chalcopyrite or from the secondary carbonates malachite or azurite; the aluminium may derive from feldspar; and the phosphorus from apatite. Climate factors appear to play an important role as turquoise is typically found in arid regions, filling or encrusting cavities and fractures in typically highly altere ...

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Turquoise, Turquoise - Properties, Turquoise - Formation, Turquoise - Occurrence, Turquoise - Iran, Turquoise - Sinai, Turquoise - United States, Turquoise - Other sources, Turquoise - History of use, Turquoise - Imitations, Turquoise - Treatments, Turquoise - Valuation and care

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Alcohols often have an odor described as 'biting' that 'hangs' in the nasal passages. Ethanol in the form of alcoholic beverages has been consumed by humans since pre-historic times, for a variety of hygienic, dietary, medicinal, religious, and recreational reasons. While infrequent consumption of ethanol in small quantities may be harmless or even beneficial, larger doses result in a state known as drunkenness or intoxication and, depending on the dose and regularity of use, can cause acute respiratory failure or death and with ch ...

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Alcohol, Alcohol - Structure, Alcohol - Primary secondary and tertiary alcohols, Alcohol - Methanol & ethanol, Alcohol - Uses, Alcohol - Sources, Alcohol - Nomenclature, Alcohol - Systematic names, Alcohol - Etymology, Alcohol - Physical and chemical properties, Alcohol - Toxicity, Alcohol - Preparation of alcohols, Alcohol - Laboratory, Alcohol - Industrial, Alcohol - Reactions of alcohols, Alcohol - Deprotonation, Alcohol - Nucleophilic substitution, Alcohol - Dehydration, Alcohol - Esterification, Alcohol - Oxidation

Read more here: » Alcohol: Encyclopedia II - Alcohol - Toxicity

At room temperature, sulfur is a soft bright yellow solid. Although sulfur is infamous for its smell - frequently compared to rotten eggs - the odor is actually characteristic of hydrogen sulfide (H2S); elemental sulfur is odorless. It burns with a blue flame that emits sulfur dioxide, notable for its peculiar suffocating odor. Sulfur is insoluble in water but soluble in carbon disulfide and to a lesser extent in other organic solvents such as benzene. Common oxidation states of sulfur include −2, +2, +4 and +6. Sulfur forms stable c ...

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Sulfur, Sulfur - Notable characteristics, Sulfur - Applications, Sulfur - Biological role, Sulfur - Environmental Impact, Sulfur - History, Sulfur - Occurrence, Sulfur - Compounds, Sulfur - Isotopes, Sulfur - Precautions, Sulfur - Spelling

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Transport is a major use of energy, and transport burns most of the world's petroleum. Hydrocarbon fuels produce carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas widely thought to be the chief cause of global climate change, and petroleum-powered engines, especially inefficient ones, create air pollution, including nitrous oxides and particulates (soot). Although vehicles in the United States have been getting cleaner because of environmental regulations, this has been offset by ...

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Transport, Transport - Aspects of transport, Transport - Modes of transport, Transport - Categories of transport, Transport - Transport and communications, Transport - Transport and land use, Transport - Transport, energy, and the environment, Transport - Transport Research

Read more here: » Transport: Encyclopedia II - Transport - Transport, energy, and the environment

Transport is a major use of energy, and transport burns most of the world's petroleum. Hydrocarbon fuels produce carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas widely thought to be the chief cause of global climate change, and petroleum-powered engines, especially inefficient ones, create air pollution, including nitrous oxides and particulates (soot). Although vehicles in the United States have been getting cleaner because of environmental regulations, this has been offset by a ...

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Transport, Transport - Aspects of transport, Transport - Modes of transport, Transport - Categories of transport, Transport - Transport and communications, Transport - Transport and land use, Transport - Transport energy and the environment, Transport - Transport Research

Read more here: » Transport: Encyclopedia II - Transport - Transport energy and the environment

The first diodes were vacuum tube devices (also known as thermionic valves), arrangements of electrodes surrounded by a vacuum within a glass envelope, similar in appearance to incandescent light bulbs. The arrangement of a filament and plate as a diode was invented in 1904 by John Ambrose Fleming (scientific adviser to the Marconi Company) based on an observation by Thomas Edison. In vacuum tube diodes, a current is passed through the cathode, a filament treated with a mixture of barium and strontium oxides, which are rare earth meta ...

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Diode, Diode - Thermionic or gaseous state diodes, Diode - Semiconductor diodes, Diode - Types of semiconductor diode, Diode - Related devices, Diode - Applications, Diode - Radio demodulation, Diode - Power conversion, Diode - Over-voltage protection, Diode - Logic gates, Diode - Ionising radiation detectors, Diode - Temperature measuring, Diode - Charge coupled devices

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The main types of tea are distinguished by their processing. Leaves of Camellia sinensis, if not dried quickly after picking, soon begin to wilt and oxidise. This process resembles the malting of barley, in that starch is converted into sugars; the leaves turn progressively darker, as chlorophyll breaks down and tannins are released. The next step in processing is to stop the oxidation process at a predetermined sta ...

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Tea, Tea - Cultivation, Tea - Processing and classification, Tea - Blending and additives, Tea - Content of Tea, Tea - Tea origin and early history in Asia, Tea - Tea creation myths, Tea - China, Tea - Japan, Tea - Tea spreads to the world, Tea - The word tea, Tea - Tea culture, Tea - China, Tea - Vietnam, Tea - Britain, Tea - Hong Kong, Tea - Iran, Tea - Ireland, Tea - India, Tea - Pakistan, Tea - Sri Lanka, Tea - Turkey, Tea - Russia, Tea - Czech Republic, Tea - Commonwealth countries, Tea - United States, Tea - Japan, Tea - Taiwan, Tea - Tibet, Tea - Tea preparation, Tea - Enjoying tea the modern way

Read more here: » Tea: Encyclopedia II - Tea - Processing and classification

Although the air and pollution problems have become less visible because of new laws, health problems associated with pollution have continued to rise. The brown haze associated with nitrogen oxide from automobiles may have abated somewhat, but amounts of deadly ozone have grown. Respiratory allergies are near universal, and asthma is widespread. The crystal clear blue skies — trademarks of California 100 years ago — are long gone. Pollution from storm water drains began to kill organisms near the inhabited seacoast, inspiring numerous conservation organizations. The former paradisiacal lago ...

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History of California 20th century, History of California 20th century - Oil movies and the military, History of California 20th century - Baby boomers and free spirits, History of California 20th century - Economic power house, History of California 20th century - The California legal revolution, History of California 20th century - High-tech expansion, History of California 20th century - A victim of its own success?, History of California 20th century - State Seal, History of California 20th century - Third millennium politics

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This is mixed with developer and remains in the hair shaft until new growth of hair occurs. It's used to match, lighten, and cover gray hair. Permanent hair color generally contains ammonia, oxidative tints, and peroxide. The allergic reaction that comes from hair dye is generally one of sensitization to p-phenylenediamine (PPD). The reaction will most likely occur each time one dyes one's hair and will probably get worse each time. The sensitization from the ingredients in hair color can extend to sensitization of other products of same or similar composition, including but not limited to the dye used in textiles, sun ...

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Hair coloring, Hair coloring - Temporary, Hair coloring - Semipermanent, Hair coloring - Demipermanent, Hair coloring - Permanent, Hair coloring - Special Effects, Hair coloring - Social Stigma in the United States

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The program name "Tier One" raises the question of what Tier Two will be. In The Space Review on June 21, 2004 (the day of Tier One's first spaceflight), Rutan was quoted as stating "The spaceship is model number 316 and the White Knight is model number 318. I will be making a presentation very quick of a model number 346.". Whether this refers to a prototype orbital craft, a suborbital tour bus, or som ...

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Tier One, Tier One - Design, Tier One - Spacecraft, Tier One - Navigation, Tier One - Cabin, Tier One - Launch aircraft, Tier One - Hybrid rocket motor, Tier One - Flight profile, Tier One - Mission control, Tier One - Nitrous oxide delivery, Tier One - Propulsion testing, Tier One - Flight simulator, Tier One - History and status, Tier One - Specifications SpaceShipOne, Tier One - General characteristics, Tier One - Performance, Tier One - Funding, Tier One - Publicity, Tier One - Future, Tier One - Commercial aspects

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Cremation - Environmental Concerns. Cremation is often regarded as a more environmentally responsible alternative to burial; however, in addition to removing the body from the cycle of nature and preventing it from nourishing new life, cremation has a significant impact on our environment: The major emissions from crematories are nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, particulate matter, mercury, hydrogen fluoride (HF), hydrogen chloride (HCl), NMVOCs, and other heavy metals, as ...

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Cremation, Cremation - Reasons for choosing cremation, Cremation - Religious reasons in Dharmic Faiths, Cremation - Other personal reasons, Cremation - Environmental reasons, Cremation - Cost of cremation, Cremation - Cremation process, Cremation - Cremation furnace, Cremation - Body container, Cremation - Burning and ashes collection, Cremation - The Pyre alternative, Cremation - Negative recent history experiences with cremation, Cremation - Environmental Concerns, Cremation - World War II, Cremation - The Tri-State Crematory Incident, Cremation - The Indian Ocean tsunamis

Read more here: » Cremation: Encyclopedia II - Cremation - Negative recent history experiences with cremation

Integrated circuit - Fabrication. Main article: Semiconductor fabrication. The semiconductors of the periodic table of the chemical elements were identified as the most likely materials for a solid state vacuum tube by researchers like William Shockley at Bell Laboratories starting in the 1930s. Starting with copper oxide, proceeding to germanium, then silicon, the materials were systematically studied in the 1940s and 1950s. Today, silicon monocrystals are the main substrate used for inte ...

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Integrated circuit, Integrated circuit - Introduction, Integrated circuit - Advances in integrated circuits, Integrated circuit - Popularity of ICs, Integrated circuit - Classification and complexity, Integrated circuit - Manufacture, Integrated circuit - Fabrication, Integrated circuit - Packaging, Integrated circuit - History origins and generations, Integrated circuit - The birth of the IC, Integrated circuit - SSI MSI LSI, Integrated circuit - VLSI, Integrated circuit - ULSI WSI SOC, Integrated circuit - Other developments, Integrated circuit - Key industrial and academic data, Integrated circuit - Notable ICs, Integrated circuit - Manufacturers, Integrated circuit - VLSI conferences, Integrated circuit - VLSI journals

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Ozone In chemistry, an allotropic form of oxygen, having a triatomic instead of a diatomic molecule, and being more active chemically on account of the ease with which the molecule parts with one of its atoms.

Blavatsky stated that sound generates an ozone such as cannot be made by chemistry, and which can, in proper circumstances, resurrect a person; moreover, "He who would allotropize sluggish oxygen into Ozone to a measure of alchemical activity, reducing it to its pure essence (for which there are means), would discover thereby a substitute for an 'Elixir of Life' and prepare it for practical use" (SD 1:555, 144n). She mentions too, with approval, a theory that the cause of influenza may be an excess of ozone in the atmosphere, causing a rush of life and perhaps excessive oxidation and metabolism in the human body (BCW 12:109-10). Ozone is usually made in the laboratory by electric discharges, and it is similarly formed by lightning. All the above indicates that ozone is a physical form of a more subtle and potent original.

(See also: Ozone, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary)

According to press release from the United Nations Environment Programme: "The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement under which industrialized countries will reduce their collective emissions of greenhouse gases by 5.2% compared to the year 1990 (but note that, compared to the emissions levels that would be expected by 2010 without the Protocol, this target represents a 29% cut). The goal is to lower overall emissions from six greenhouse gases - carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, HFCs, and PFCs - calculate ...

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Kyoto Protocol, Kyoto Protocol - Description, Kyoto Protocol - Objectives, Kyoto Protocol - Status of the agreement, Kyoto Protocol - Details of the agreement, Kyoto Protocol - Financial commitments, Kyoto Protocol - Emissions trading, Kyoto Protocol - Revisions, Kyoto Protocol - Current positions of governments, Kyoto Protocol - Position of Russia, Kyoto Protocol - Position of the European Union, Kyoto Protocol - Position of the United States, Kyoto Protocol - Position of Canada, Kyoto Protocol - Position of China, Kyoto Protocol - Position of Australia, Kyoto Protocol - Position of India, Kyoto Protocol - Common but differentiated responsibility, Kyoto Protocol - Support for Kyoto, Kyoto Protocol - Grassroots support in the US, Kyoto Protocol - Opposition to Kyoto, Kyoto Protocol - Cost-benefit analysis, Kyoto Protocol - Asia Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate

Read more here: » Kyoto Protocol: Encyclopedia II - Kyoto Protocol - Details of the agreement

According to a press release from the United Nations Environment Programme: "The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement under which industrialized countries will reduce their collective emissions of greenhouse gases by 5.2% compared to the year 1990 (but note that, compared to the emissions levels that would be expected by 2010 without the Protocol, this target represents a 29% cut). The goal is to lower overall emissions from six greenhouse gases - carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, HFCs, and PFCs - calcula ...

See also:

Kyoto Protocol, Kyoto Protocol - Description, Kyoto Protocol - Objectives, Kyoto Protocol - Status of the agreement, Kyoto Protocol - Details of the agreement, Kyoto Protocol - Financial commitments, Kyoto Protocol - Emissions trading, Kyoto Protocol - Revisions, Kyoto Protocol - Current positions of governments, Kyoto Protocol - Position of Russia, Kyoto Protocol - Position of the European Union, Kyoto Protocol - Position of the United States, Kyoto Protocol - Position of Canada, Kyoto Protocol - Position of China, Kyoto Protocol - Position of Australia, Kyoto Protocol - Position of India, Kyoto Protocol - Common but differentiated responsibility, Kyoto Protocol - Support for Kyoto, Kyoto Protocol - Grassroots support in the US, Kyoto Protocol - Opposition to Kyoto, Kyoto Protocol - Cost-benefit analysis, Kyoto Protocol - Asia Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate

Read more here: » Kyoto Protocol: Encyclopedia II - Kyoto Protocol - Details of the agreement