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oxidation state | A Wisdom Archive on oxidation state |  | oxidation state A selection of articles related to oxidation state |  |
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oxidation state
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO oxidation state | | | |  |  |  | oxidation state: Encyclopedia II - Oxide - Types of oxidesOxides of more electropositive elements tend to be basic. They are called basic anhydrides; adding water, they may form basic hydroxides. For example, sodium oxide is basic; when hydrated, it forms sodium hydroxide.
Oxides of more electronegative elements tend to be acids. They are called acid anhydrides; adding water, they may form oxygen acids. For example, dichlorine heptoxide is acid; perchloric acid is a more hydrated form.
Some oxides can act as both acid and base, at different times. They are amphoteric. An example is aluminium oxide. Some oxides do ...
See also:Oxide, Oxide - Current naming, Oxide - Chemical properties, Oxide - Types of oxides, Oxide - Common oxides sorted by oxidation state Read more here: » Oxide: Encyclopedia II - Oxide - Types of oxides |
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|  |  |  | oxidation state: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - Chemistry
Aluminium - Oxidation state 1.
AlH is produced when aluminium is heated at 1500 °C in an atmosphere of hydrogen.
Al2O is made by heating the normal oxide, Al2O3, with silicon at 1800 °C in a vacuum.
Al2S can be made by heating Al2S3 with aluminium shavings at 1300 °C in a vacuum. It quickly disproportionates to the starting materials. The selenide is made in a parallel manner.
AlF, AlCl and AlBr exist in the gaseous phase when the tri- ...
See also:Aluminium, Aluminium - Properties, Aluminium - Applications, Aluminium - Engineering use, Aluminium - History, Aluminium - Natural occurrence, Aluminium - Isotopes, Aluminium - Clusters, Aluminium - Precautions, Aluminium - Spelling, Aluminium - Etymology / Nomenclature history, Aluminium - Present day spelling, Aluminium - Chemistry, Aluminium - Oxidation state 1, Aluminium - Oxidation state 2, Aluminium - Oxidation state 3, Aluminium - Aluminium in popular culture Read more here: » Aluminium: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - Chemistry |
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|  |  |  | oxidation state: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - Chemistry
Aluminium - Oxidation state 1.
AlH is produced when aluminium is heated at 1500 °C in an atmosphere of hydrogen.
Al2O is made by heating the normal oxide, Al2O3, with silicon at 1800 °C in a vacuum.
Al2S can be made by heating Al2S3 with aluminium shavings at 1300 °C in a vacuum. It quickly disproportionates to the starting materials. The selenide is made in a parallel manner.
AlF, AlCl and AlBr exist in the gaseous phase when the tri- ...
See also:Aluminium, Aluminium - Properties, Aluminium - Applications, Aluminium - Engineering use, Aluminium - History, Aluminium - Natural occurrence, Aluminium - Isotopes, Aluminium - Clusters, Aluminium - Precautions, Aluminium - Spelling, Aluminium - Etymology/Nomenclature history, Aluminium - Present-day spelling, Aluminium - Chemistry, Aluminium - Oxidation state 1, Aluminium - Oxidation state 2, Aluminium - Oxidation state 3, Aluminium - Aluminium in popular culture Read more here: » Aluminium: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - Chemistry |
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|  |  |  | oxidation state: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - Natural occurrenceAlthough aluminium is an abundant element in Earth's crust (believed to be 7.5% to 8.1%), it is very rare in its free form and was once considered a precious metal more valuable than gold. Napoleon III of France had a set of aluminium plates reserved for his finest guests. Others had to make do with gold ones. Aluminium has been produced in commercial quantities for just over 100 years.
Aluminium was, when it was first discovered, extremely difficult to separate from its ore. Aluminium is among the most difficult metals on earth to re ...
See also:Aluminium, Aluminium - Properties, Aluminium - Applications, Aluminium - Engineering use, Aluminium - History, Aluminium - Natural occurrence, Aluminium - Isotopes, Aluminium - Clusters, Aluminium - Precautions, Aluminium - Spelling, Aluminium - Etymology / Nomenclature history, Aluminium - Present day spelling, Aluminium - Chemistry, Aluminium - Oxidation state 1, Aluminium - Oxidation state 2, Aluminium - Oxidation state 3, Aluminium - Aluminium in popular culture Read more here: » Aluminium: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - Natural occurrence |
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|  |  |  | oxidation state: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - Natural occurrenceAlthough aluminium is the most abundant metallic element in Earth's crust (believed to be 7.5% to 8.1%), it is very rare in its free form and was once considered a precious metal more valuable than gold. Napoleon III of France had a set of aluminium plates reserved for his finest guests. Others had to make do with gold ones. Aluminium has been produced in commercial quantities for just over 100 years.
Aluminium was, when it was first discovered, extremely difficult to separate from its ore. Aluminium is among the most difficult metals ...
See also:Aluminium, Aluminium - Properties, Aluminium - Applications, Aluminium - Engineering use, Aluminium - History, Aluminium - Natural occurrence, Aluminium - Isotopes, Aluminium - Clusters, Aluminium - Precautions, Aluminium - Spelling, Aluminium - Etymology/Nomenclature history, Aluminium - Present-day spelling, Aluminium - Chemistry, Aluminium - Oxidation state 1, Aluminium - Oxidation state 2, Aluminium - Oxidation state 3, Aluminium - Aluminium in popular culture Read more here: » Aluminium: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - Natural occurrence |
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|  |  |  | oxidation state: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - PrecautionsAluminium is one of the few abundant elements that appears to have no beneficial function in living cells, but a few percent of people are allergic to it — they experience contact dermatitis from any form of it: an itchy rash from using styptic or antiperspirant products, digestive disorders and inability to absorb nutrients from eating food cooked in aluminium pans, and vomiting and other symptoms of poisoning from ingesting such products as Rolaids , Amphojel, and Maalox (antacids). In other people, aluminium is not considered as toxic a ...
See also:Aluminium, Aluminium - Properties, Aluminium - Applications, Aluminium - Engineering use, Aluminium - History, Aluminium - Natural occurrence, Aluminium - Isotopes, Aluminium - Clusters, Aluminium - Precautions, Aluminium - Spelling, Aluminium - Etymology/Nomenclature history, Aluminium - Present-day spelling, Aluminium - Chemistry, Aluminium - Oxidation state 1, Aluminium - Oxidation state 2, Aluminium - Oxidation state 3, Aluminium - Aluminium in popular culture Read more here: » Aluminium: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - Precautions |
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|  |  |  | oxidation state: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - PrecautionsAluminium is one of the few abundant elements that appears to have no beneficial function in living cells, but a few percent of people are allergic to it — they experience contact dermatitis from any form of it: an itchy rash from using styptic or antiperspirant products, digestive disorders and inability to absorb nutrients from eating food cooked in aluminium pans, and vomiting and other symptoms of poisoning from ingesting such products as Rolaids , Amphojel, and Maalox (antacids). In other persons, aluminium is not considered as toxic ...
See also:Aluminium, Aluminium - Properties, Aluminium - Applications, Aluminium - Engineering use, Aluminium - History, Aluminium - Natural occurrence, Aluminium - Isotopes, Aluminium - Clusters, Aluminium - Precautions, Aluminium - Spelling, Aluminium - Etymology / Nomenclature history, Aluminium - Present day spelling, Aluminium - Chemistry, Aluminium - Oxidation state 1, Aluminium - Oxidation state 2, Aluminium - Oxidation state 3, Aluminium - Aluminium in popular culture Read more here: » Aluminium: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - Precautions |
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|  |  |  | oxidation state: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - ApplicationsWhether measured in terms of quantity or value, the use of aluminium exceeds that of any other metal except iron, and it is important in virtually all segments of the world economy.
Pure aluminium has a low tensile strength, but readily forms alloys with many elements such as copper, zinc, magnesium, manganese and silicon. When combined with thermo-mechanical processing these aluminium alloys display a marked improvement in mechanical properties. Aluminium alloys form vital components of aircraft and rockets as a resu ...
See also:Aluminium, Aluminium - Properties, Aluminium - Applications, Aluminium - Engineering use, Aluminium - History, Aluminium - Natural occurrence, Aluminium - Isotopes, Aluminium - Clusters, Aluminium - Precautions, Aluminium - Spelling, Aluminium - Etymology / Nomenclature history, Aluminium - Present day spelling, Aluminium - Chemistry, Aluminium - Oxidation state 1, Aluminium - Oxidation state 2, Aluminium - Oxidation state 3, Aluminium - Aluminium in popular culture Read more here: » Aluminium: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - Applications |
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|  |  |  | oxidation state: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - ApplicationsWhether measured in terms of quantity or value, the use of aluminium exceeds that of any other metal except iron, and it is important in virtually all segments of the world economy.
Pure aluminium has a low tensile strength, but readily forms alloys with many elements such as copper, zinc, magnesium, manganese and silicon (e.g.duralumin). Today almost all materials that claim to be aluminium are actually an alloy thereof. Pure aluminium is encountered only when corrosion resistance is more important than strength or hardness. Conversely, the term "alloy" in genera ...
See also:Aluminium, Aluminium - Properties, Aluminium - Applications, Aluminium - Engineering use, Aluminium - History, Aluminium - Natural occurrence, Aluminium - Isotopes, Aluminium - Clusters, Aluminium - Precautions, Aluminium - Spelling, Aluminium - Etymology/Nomenclature history, Aluminium - Present-day spelling, Aluminium - Chemistry, Aluminium - Oxidation state 1, Aluminium - Oxidation state 2, Aluminium - Oxidation state 3, Aluminium - Aluminium in popular culture Read more here: » Aluminium: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - Applications |
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| |  |  |  | oxidation state: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - Spelling
Aluminium - Etymology / Nomenclature history.
In 1808, Humphry Davy originally proposed the name alumium while trying to isolate the new metal electrolytically from the mineral alumina. In 1812 he changed the name to aluminum to match its Latin root. The same year, an anonymous contributor to the Quarterly Review objected to aluminum, and proposed the name aluminium.
Aluminium, for so we shall take the liberty of writing the word, in preference to aluminum, which has a less class ...
See also:Aluminium, Aluminium - Properties, Aluminium - Applications, Aluminium - Engineering use, Aluminium - History, Aluminium - Natural occurrence, Aluminium - Isotopes, Aluminium - Clusters, Aluminium - Precautions, Aluminium - Spelling, Aluminium - Etymology / Nomenclature history, Aluminium - Present day spelling, Aluminium - Chemistry, Aluminium - Oxidation state 1, Aluminium - Oxidation state 2, Aluminium - Oxidation state 3, Aluminium - Aluminium in popular culture Read more here: » Aluminium: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - Spelling |
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|  |  |  | oxidation state: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - Spelling
Aluminium - Etymology/Nomenclature history.
In 1808, Humphry Davy originally proposed the name alumium while trying to isolate the new metal electrolytically from the mineral alumina. In 1812 he changed the name to aluminum to match its Latin root. The same year, an anonymous contributor to the Quarterly Review objected to aluminum, and proposed the name aluminium.
Aluminium, for so we shall take the liberty of writing the word, in preference to aluminum, which has a less class ...
See also:Aluminium, Aluminium - Properties, Aluminium - Applications, Aluminium - Engineering use, Aluminium - History, Aluminium - Natural occurrence, Aluminium - Isotopes, Aluminium - Clusters, Aluminium - Precautions, Aluminium - Spelling, Aluminium - Etymology/Nomenclature history, Aluminium - Present-day spelling, Aluminium - Chemistry, Aluminium - Oxidation state 1, Aluminium - Oxidation state 2, Aluminium - Oxidation state 3, Aluminium - Aluminium in popular culture Read more here: » Aluminium: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - Spelling |
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|  |  |  | oxidation state: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - HistoryThe ancient Greeks and Romans used salts of this metal as dyeing mordants and as astringents for dressing wounds, and alum is still used as a styptic. Further Joseph Needham suggested finds in 1974 showed the ancient Chinese used aluminium (see "notes" linked above). In 1761 Guyton de Morveau suggested calling the base alum 'alumine'. In 1808, Humphry Davy identified the existence of a metal base of alum, which he ...
See also:Aluminium, Aluminium - Properties, Aluminium - Applications, Aluminium - Engineering use, Aluminium - History, Aluminium - Natural occurrence, Aluminium - Isotopes, Aluminium - Clusters, Aluminium - Precautions, Aluminium - Spelling, Aluminium - Etymology / Nomenclature history, Aluminium - Present day spelling, Aluminium - Chemistry, Aluminium - Oxidation state 1, Aluminium - Oxidation state 2, Aluminium - Oxidation state 3, Aluminium - Aluminium in popular culture Read more here: » Aluminium: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - History |
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|  |  |  | oxidation state: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - HistoryThe ancient Greeks and Romans used salts of this metal as dyeing mordants and as astringents for dressing wounds, and alum is still used as a styptic. Further Joseph Needham suggested finds in 1974 showed the ancient Chinese used aluminium (see "notes" linked above). In 1761 Guyton de Morveau suggested calling the base alum 'alumine'. In 1808, Humphry Davy identified the existence of a metal base of alum, which he ...
See also:Aluminium, Aluminium - Properties, Aluminium - Applications, Aluminium - Engineering use, Aluminium - History, Aluminium - Natural occurrence, Aluminium - Isotopes, Aluminium - Clusters, Aluminium - Precautions, Aluminium - Spelling, Aluminium - Etymology/Nomenclature history, Aluminium - Present-day spelling, Aluminium - Chemistry, Aluminium - Oxidation state 1, Aluminium - Oxidation state 2, Aluminium - Oxidation state 3, Aluminium - Aluminium in popular culture Read more here: » Aluminium: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - History |
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|  |  |  | oxidation state: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - IsotopesAluminium has nine isotopes, whose mass numbers range from 23 to 30. Only 27Al (stable isotope) and 26Al (radioactive isotope, t1/2 = 7.2 × 105 y) occur naturally, however 27Al has a natural abundance of 100%. 26Al is produced from argon in the atmosphere by spallation caused by cosmic-ray protons. Aluminium isotopes have found practical application in dating marine sediments, manganese nodules, glacial ice, quartz in rock exposures, and meteorites. The ratio of 2 ...
See also:Aluminium, Aluminium - Properties, Aluminium - Applications, Aluminium - Engineering use, Aluminium - History, Aluminium - Natural occurrence, Aluminium - Isotopes, Aluminium - Clusters, Aluminium - Precautions, Aluminium - Spelling, Aluminium - Etymology/Nomenclature history, Aluminium - Present-day spelling, Aluminium - Chemistry, Aluminium - Oxidation state 1, Aluminium - Oxidation state 2, Aluminium - Oxidation state 3, Aluminium - Aluminium in popular culture Read more here: » Aluminium: Encyclopedia II - Aluminium - Isotopes |
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|  |  |  | oxidation state: Encyclopedia II - Transition metal - PropertiesTransition elements tend to have high tensile strength, density and melting and boiling points. As with many properties of transition metals, this is due to d orbital electrons' ability to delocalise within the metal lattice. In metallic substances, the more electrons shared between nuclei, the stronger the metal.
There are several common characteristic properties of transition elements:
They form coloured compounds
They can have a variety of different oxidation states
They are good catalysts ...
See also:Transition metal, Transition metal - The 40 transition metals, Transition metal - Electronic configuration, Transition metal - Properties, Transition metal - Variable oxidation states, Transition metal - Catalytic activity, Transition metal - Colored compounds Read more here: » Transition metal: Encyclopedia II - Transition metal - Properties |
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| |  |  |  | oxidation state: Encyclopedia II - Transition metal - Electronic configurationMain group elements prior to the appearance of the transition group elements in the periodic chart (ie, elements number 1 through 20) have no electrons in d orbitals, but only in the s and p orbitals. The 3rd period p block elements have empty d orbitals. In the fourth period from scandium to zinc, d-block elements fill up their d orbitals across the period. With the exception of the copper group and the chromium group, all d-block elements in the ground state have two electrons in thei ...
See also:Transition metal, Transition metal - The 40 transition metals, Transition metal - Electronic configuration, Transition metal - Properties, Transition metal - Variable oxidation states, Transition metal - Catalytic activity, Transition metal - Colored compounds Read more here: » Transition metal: Encyclopedia II - Transition metal - Electronic configuration |
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