oxidant

Definition and meaning of oxidant:

oxidant - an oxidizing agent

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

This is a sitemap for Oceanography - O . Click on a link and you will find multiple definitions and articles related to the word. The sitemap(s) covers over 5.184 different Oceanography terms.

oak foundation, obis, obligate mutualism, obligatory, oblong, observational learning, observing system, obtuse, occam's razor, ocean, ocean acidification, ocean biogeographic information system, ocean color, ocean color sensor, ocean.us, oceanic, oceanic crust, oceanic island, oceanic reef, oceanic zone, oceanodromous, oceanography, ocellus, ochre, octocorallia, octopus, ocular, oculina banks, odontophore, office of insular affairs, official index, official list, off-reef, offshore current, offshore wind, oia, oligomer, oligonucleotide, oligosaccharide, oligotrophic, omega animal, omegoid, omnivore, oncogene, oncology, onomatophore, onshore, onshore wind, ontogenesis, ontogeny, oocyte, ooe, ooecium, oogamous, oogamy, oogenesis, oolitic limestone, open circuit scuba, open circulatory system, open coast, open sea, open system, opendap, open-source project for a network data access protocol, operant conditioning, operational taxonomic unit, operator gene, opercular spine, operculate, operculum, operon, ophiopluteus larva, opisthobranch, opportunistic feeder, optical oceanography, optimum, oral, oral brooder, oral cavity, oral disc, orbit, order, organ, organ system, organelle, organic, organic act, organic enrichment, organic molecule, organically polluted, organism, organized territory, organogenesis, organophosphate, organ-pipe coral, orientation, original description, original diagnosis, original spelling, ornamental, ornithology, orphan receptor, ortholog, orthologous genes, orthology, oscillation, oscillator, osculum, osm, osmole, osmoregulation, osmosis, osmotic pressure, osmotroph, osseus, ossicle, ossified, ostium, ostracitoxin, otolith, otu, outbreak, outcrop, outer slope, outfall, outlying area, outrigger, overexploitation, overfishing, overwash, ovicell, ovigerous, oviparity, oviposition, ovoid, ovoviviparity, ovulation, ovum, oxidant, oxidation, oxidative stress, oxygen isotope ratio, oxygen isotopes, oyster reef, ozone, ozone shield,

More sitemaps here:

Oceanography Dictionary, Oceanography Dictionary - A-Z,
Oceanography Dictionary - A, Oceanography Dictionary - B, Oceanography Dictionary - C, Oceanography Dictionary - D, Oceanography Dictionary - E, Oceanography Dictionary - F, Oceanography Dictionary - G, Oceanography Dictionary - H, Oceanography Dictionary - I, Oceanography Dictionary - J, Oceanography Dictionary - K, Oceanography Dictionary - L, Oceanography Dictionary - M, Oceanography Dictionary - N, Oceanography Dictionary - O, Oceanography Dictionary - P, Oceanography Dictionary - Q, Oceanography Dictionary - R, Oceanography Dictionary - S, Oceanography Dictionary - T, Oceanography Dictionary - U, Oceanography Dictionary - V, Oceanography Dictionary - W, Oceanography Dictionary - X, Oceanography Dictionary - Y, Oceanography Dictionary - Z,

Oceanography, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

Read more here: » Oceanography Sitemap I - O

DNA repair is a process constantly operating in cells; it is essential to survival because it protects the genome from damage and harmful mutations. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors (such as UV rays) can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 500,000 individual molecular lesions per cell per day. These lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule, and can dramatically alter the cell's way of reading the information encoded in its genes. Consequently, the DNA repair process must be constantly operating, to ...

Including:

• DNA repair - DNA damage
• DNA repair - Nuclear versus mitochondrial DNA damage
• DNA repair - Sources of damage
• DNA repair - Types of damage
• DNA repair - DNA repair mechanisms
• DNA repair - Single strand damage
• DNA repair - Double strand breaks
• DNA repair - DNA repair in disease and aging
• DNA repair - Poor DNA repair induces pathology
• DNA repair - DNA repair rate is variable
• DNA repair - Hereditary DNA repair disorders
• DNA repair - Chronic DNA repair disorders
• DNA repair - Longevity genes and DNA repair
• DNA repair - Caloric restriction increases DNA repair
• DNA repair - DNA repair and evolution
• DNA repair - DNA repair mechanisms are ancient
• DNA repair - Disease death and evolution
• DNA repair - Medicine & DNA repair modulation
• DNA repair - Cancer treatment
• DNA repair - Gene therapy
• DNA repair - Gene repair

Read more here: » DNA repair: Encyclopedia - DNA repair

Each NASA Viking Lander carried three biological experiments to the surface of Mars in the late 1970s. These were the first experiments used specifically to look for biosignatures on another planet. The three experiments all looked for changes in chemical composition of the atmospheric gasses trapped over a sample of Martian soil as it was exposed to different temperatures, chemical substances, and other conditions. In general, the results were negative for signs of life, although one of the three experiments gave an initial po ...

Including:

• Viking biological experiments - Background
• Viking biological experiments - The experiments
• Viking biological experiments - Pyrolytic release
• Viking biological experiments - Labeled Release
• Viking biological experiments - Gas Exchange
• Viking biological experiments - Gas Chromatograph - Mass Spectrometer
• Viking biological experiments - The Results
• Viking biological experiments - Scientific conclusions and ongoing debate

Read more here: » Viking biological experiments: Encyclopedia - Viking biological experiments

Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP), is a term that encompasses technologies which allow a submarine to operate without the need to surface or use a snorkel to access atmospheric oxygen. The term usually excludes the use of nuclear power, and describes augmenting or replacing the diesel-electric propulsion system of non-nuclear vessels. AIP is usually implemented as an auxiliary source. Most such systems generate electricity which in turn drives an electric motor for propulsion or recharging the boat's batteries. The submarine's e ...

Including:

• Air-independent propulsion - Internal oxygen supply
• Air-independent propulsion - History
• Air-independent propulsion - Closed cycle diesel engines
• Air-independent propulsion - Closed cycle steam turbines
• Air-independent propulsion - Stirling cycle engines
• Air-independent propulsion - Fuel cells
• Air-independent propulsion - Nuclear power
• Air-independent propulsion - Production Non-Nuclear AIP Submarines

Read more here: » Air-independent propulsion: Encyclopedia - Air-independent propulsion

Molecular formula: Cu(NO3)2 Copper(II) nitrate, commonly referred to as 'copper nitrate', is a blue, crystalline solid at STP. The roman numeral sign is to specify the ionic makeup of the copper, in this case a +2 charge. This +2 charge combines with the nitrate's -1 charge times two (because there are two nitrate ions), to produce a stable compound. Copper nitrate is commonly used in school lab ...

Including:

• CopperII nitrate - Physical Properties

Read more here: » CopperII nitrate: Encyclopedia - CopperII nitrate

Fire fighting - Suppressing the fuel and the energy. The first method is to remove fuel for the fire such as cutting of the gas and moving combustible objects from the path of the fire. When the activation energy is still present, it is also useful to switch it off; this will not stop a fire, but will help controlling a starting fire and will prevent a new fire to occur. The first action is thus to "cut off the energies" such as the gas and power supply and switch off the working machines (motors). It is also important to turn off ventilation and air conditi ...

See also:

Fire fighting, Fire fighting - Risks of a fire, Fire fighting - Means to extinguish a fire, Fire fighting - Suppressing the fuel and the energy, Fire fighting - Reconnaissance and reading the fire, Fire fighting - Use of water, Fire fighting - Asphyxiating a fire, Fire fighting - Ventilation or isolation of the fire, Fire fighting - Individual action, Fire fighting - Appendix : Calculation of the amount of water required to suppress a fire in a closed volume, Fire fighting - Volume computation, Fire fighting - Thermal computation, Fire fighting - Conclusion

Read more here: » Fire fighting: Encyclopedia II - Fire fighting - Means to extinguish a fire

Air-independent propulsion - History. During the Second World War the German firm Walter experimented with submarines that used concentrated hydrogen peroxide as their source of oxygen underwater. These used steam turbines which used steam heated by burning diesel fuel in the hydrogen/oxygen atmosphere created by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by a potassium permanganate catalyst. Several experimental boats were produced, and one, U-1407, which had been scuttled at the end of the war was salvaged a ...

See also:

Air-independent propulsion, Air-independent propulsion - Internal oxygen supply, Air-independent propulsion - History, Air-independent propulsion - Closed cycle diesel engines, Air-independent propulsion - Closed cycle steam turbines, Air-independent propulsion - Stirling cycle engines, Air-independent propulsion - Fuel cells, Air-independent propulsion - Nuclear power, Air-independent propulsion - Production Non-Nuclear AIP Submarines

Read more here: » Air-independent propulsion: Encyclopedia II - Air-independent propulsion - Internal oxygen supply

Common classes of organic conductive polymers include poly(acetylene)s, poly(pyrrole)s, poly(thiophene)s, poly(aniline)s, poly(fluorene)s, polynaphthalenes, poly(p-phenylene sulfide), and poly(para-phenylene vinylene)s. Classically, these compounds are known as polyacetylene, polyaniline, etc. "blacks" or "melanins". The melanin pigment in animals is generally a mixed copolymer of polyacetylene, polypyrrole, and polyaniline. See also:

Conductive polymers, Conductive polymers - Chemistry, Conductive polymers - Doping, Conductive polymers - Conjugation, Conductive polymers - Properties, Conductive polymers - Physics, Conductive polymers - Applications

Read more here: » Conductive polymers: Encyclopedia II - Conductive polymers - Chemistry

Methcathinone is very similar in structure to cathinone, a stimulant alkaloid occurring in the shrub Catha edulis (Khat), the synthetic stimulant methamphetamine, and other phenethylamines. Methcathinone has a single asymmetric carbon atom, thus yielding enantiomeric + and - forms. Chemical Abstract Services registry numbers for the racemic base and hydrochloride forms are 5650-44-2 and 49656-78-2, respectively. The Chemical Abstract Services registry numbers for the base and hydrochloride forms of the S absolute stereochemical configuration ar ...

See also:

Methcathinone, Methcathinone - History, Methcathinone - Chemistry, Methcathinone - Effects, Methcathinone - Use and pharmacology, Methcathinone - Street names, Methcathinone - Addiction, Methcathinone - Clinical use

Read more here: » Methcathinone: Encyclopedia II - Methcathinone - Chemistry

The basic physical and chemical processes that lead to the formation of an ozone layer in the earth's stratosphere were discovered by Sydney Chapman in 1930. These are discussed in the article Ozone-oxygen_cycle - briefly, short-wavelength UV radiation splits an oxygen (O2) molecule into two oxygen (O) atoms, which then combine with other oxygen molecules to form ozone. Ozone is removed when an oxygen atom and an ozone molecule "recombine" to form two oxygen molecules, i.e. O + O3 -> O2. In the 1950's, Dav ...

See also:

Ozone depletion, Ozone depletion - Ozone cycle overview, Ozone depletion - Ozone creation, Ozone depletion - Ozone destruction, Ozone depletion - Observations, Ozone depletion - Chemicals in the atmosphere, Ozone depletion - Verification of observations, Ozone depletion - The ozone hole and its causes, Ozone depletion - Interest in ozone hole, Ozone depletion - Consequences of ozone depletion, Ozone depletion - Increased UV due to the ozone hole, Ozone depletion - Biological effects of increased UV, Ozone depletion - Public policy in response to the ozone hole, Ozone depletion - The future of ozone depletion, Ozone depletion - History of the research, Ozone depletion - Controversy regarding ozone science and policy, Ozone depletion - Myths about ozone depletion, Ozone depletion - CFC's are too heavy to reach the stratosphere?, Ozone depletion - Natural chlorine sources are far larger than the CFC source?, Ozone depletion - An ozone hole was first observed in 1956?, Ozone depletion - World Ozone Day

Read more here: » Ozone depletion: Encyclopedia II - Ozone depletion - History of the research

Some military testing grounds are contaminated with TNT. Wastewater from munitions programs including contamination of surface and subsurface waters may be colored pink as the result of TNT and RDX contamination. Such contamination, called pinkwater, may be difficult and expensive to remediate. TNT is quite toxic. It can also be absorbed through the skin, and will cause irritation and bright yellow staining. During the First World War, munition workers who handled the chemical found that their skin turned bright yellow, which led to t ...

See also:

Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene - Toxicity, Trinitrotoluene - History, Trinitrotoluene - Preparation

Read more here: » Trinitrotoluene: Encyclopedia II - Trinitrotoluene - Toxicity

Cells cannot tolerate DNA damage that compromises the integrity and accessibility of essential information in the genome (but cells remain superficially functional when so-called "non-essential" genes are missing or damaged). Depending on the type of damage inflicted on the DNA's double helical structure, a variety of repair strategies has evolved to restore lost information. As templates for restoration cells use the unmodified complementary strand of the DNA or the sister chromosome. Without access to template information, DNA repair is er ...

See also:

DNA repair, DNA repair - DNA damage, DNA repair - Nuclear versus mitochondrial DNA damage, DNA repair - Sources of damage, DNA repair - Types of damage, DNA repair - DNA repair mechanisms, DNA repair - Single strand damage, DNA repair - Double strand breaks, DNA repair - DNA repair in disease and aging, DNA repair - Poor DNA repair induces pathology, DNA repair - DNA repair rate is variable, DNA repair - Hereditary DNA repair disorders, DNA repair - Chronic DNA repair disorders, DNA repair - Longevity genes and DNA repair, DNA repair - Caloric restriction increases DNA repair, DNA repair - DNA repair and evolution, DNA repair - DNA repair mechanisms are ancient, DNA repair - Disease death and evolution, DNA repair - Medicine & DNA repair modulation, DNA repair - Cancer treatment, DNA repair - Gene therapy, DNA repair - Gene repair

Read more here: » DNA repair: Encyclopedia II - DNA repair - DNA repair mechanisms

Nuclear reprocessing - Aqueous methods. The PUREX process can be modified to make a UREX (URanium EXtraction) process which could be used to save space inside high level nuclear waste disposal sites, such as Yucca Mountain, by removing the uranium which makes up the vast majority of the mass and volume of used fuel. The UREX process is a PUREX process which has been modified to prevent the plutonium being extracted. This can be done by adding a plutonium reductant before the fi ...

See also:

Nuclear reprocessing, Nuclear reprocessing - History, Nuclear reprocessing - Spent nuclear fuel, Nuclear reprocessing - Old Methods which are no longer used, Nuclear reprocessing - Bismuth phosphate, Nuclear reprocessing - Hexone or Redox, Nuclear reprocessing - Butex ββ'-dibutyoxydiethyl ether, Nuclear reprocessing - Current methods which are in use, Nuclear reprocessing - PUREX, Nuclear reprocessing - Possible methods for future use, Nuclear reprocessing - Aqueous methods, Nuclear reprocessing - Non aqueous methods, Nuclear reprocessing - Economics of reprocessing nuclear fuel, Nuclear reprocessing - list of nuclear reprocessing sites

Read more here: » Nuclear reprocessing: Encyclopedia II - Nuclear reprocessing - Possible methods for future use

Doping semiconductor - Group IV semiconductors. For the group IV semiconductors such as silicon, germanium, and silicon carbide, the most common dopants are group III or group V elements. (Group number refers to the Roman numerals of the columns in the periodic table of the elements.) Boron, arsenic, phosphorus and occasionally gallium are used to dope silicon. Boron is the p-type dopant of choice for silicon integrated circuit production, since it diffuses at a rate which makes junction depths easily controllabl ...

See also:

Doping semiconductor, Doping semiconductor - Dopant elements, Doping semiconductor - Group IV semiconductors, Doping semiconductor - III-V and II-VI semiconductors, Doping semiconductor - Compensation, Doping semiconductor - Doping in organic conductors

Read more here: » Doping semiconductor: Encyclopedia II - Doping semiconductor - Dopant elements

The design package included three biological experiments plus a fourth which was not limited to biological experiments but served dual purposes. The Biology payload weighed only 15.5 kg (34.2 lb) and consumed on average only 15 watts of power. Viking biological experiments - Pyrolytic release. The Pyrolytic Release or PR experiment looked for evidence of photosynthesis by incubating Martian soil with light, water, and a carbon-containing atmosphere of either CO or CO2. The carbon-b ...

See also:

Viking biological experiments, Viking biological experiments - Background, Viking biological experiments - The experiments, Viking biological experiments - Pyrolytic release, Viking biological experiments - Labeled Release, Viking biological experiments - Gas Exchange, Viking biological experiments - Gas Chromatograph - Mass Spectrometer, Viking biological experiments - The Results, Viking biological experiments - Scientific conclusions and ongoing debate

Read more here: » Viking biological experiments: Encyclopedia II - Viking biological experiments - The experiments

In some cases, light emission is observed when a voltage is applied to a thin layer of a conductive organic polymer film. It has led to the development of flat panel displays using OLEDs, solar panels and optical amplifiers. Conductive polymers are present in most mammal tissues where electrical conduction or transduction from light or sound are necessary, including the skin, eye, inner ear, and brain. Its electronic conductivity seems to be the underlying mechanism for absorption of light, and electron-phonon interactions are expl ...

See also:

Conductive polymers, Conductive polymers - Chemistry, Conductive polymers - Doping, Conductive polymers - Conjugation, Conductive polymers - Properties, Conductive polymers - Physics, Conductive polymers - Applications

Read more here: » Conductive polymers: Encyclopedia II - Conductive polymers - Applications

TNT was first made in 1863 by a German chemist Joseph Wilbrand, but its potential was not seen for several years, mainly because it was so hard to detonate and because it was less powerful than other explosives. Amongst its advantages, however, are that it can be safely melted using steam or hot water and so poured molten into shell cases. It is also so insensitive that, for example, in 1910 it was exempted from the British 1875 Explosives Act from actually being considered as an explosive f ...

See also:

Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene - Toxicity, Trinitrotoluene - History, Trinitrotoluene - Preparation

Read more here: » Trinitrotoluene: Encyclopedia II - Trinitrotoluene - History

Cat, Jeff, Bathtub Speed, Wannabe-Speed, Kitty, Meth's Cat, Meth's Kitten In Europe, methcathinone is primarily known as Ephedrone. Methacathinone the C=O bond right after the benzene ring is slightly polar and as a result, the drug does not cross the lipid blood-brain barrier quite as well as amphetamine. Its effects differ slightly from the amphetamines especially it's ability to act as a serotonin agonist. Nevertheless, it is a potent CNS stimulant and dopamine agonist. Chronic high dosage abuse may result in acute mental confusion ranging from mild paranoia to pychosis. These symptoms ...

See also:

Methcathinone, Methcathinone - History, Methcathinone - Chemistry, Methcathinone - Effects, Methcathinone - Use and pharmacology, Methcathinone - Street names, Methcathinone - Addiction, Methcathinone - Clinical use

Read more here: » Methcathinone: Encyclopedia II - Methcathinone - Street names

Spent low enriched uranium fuel contains: 3% of the mass consists of fission products of 235U (also indirect products in the decay chain), nuclear poisons considered radioactive waste or separated further for various industrial and medical uses. The fission products include every element from zinc through to the lanthanides, much of the fission yield is concentrated in two peaks, one in the second transition row (Zr, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd) while the other is later in the periodic table (I, Xe, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd). Many o ...

See also:

Nuclear reprocessing, Nuclear reprocessing - History, Nuclear reprocessing - Spent nuclear fuel, Nuclear reprocessing - Old Methods which are no longer used, Nuclear reprocessing - Bismuth phosphate, Nuclear reprocessing - Hexone or Redox, Nuclear reprocessing - Butex ββ'-dibutyoxydiethyl ether, Nuclear reprocessing - Current methods which are in use, Nuclear reprocessing - PUREX, Nuclear reprocessing - Possible methods for future use, Nuclear reprocessing - Aqueous methods, Nuclear reprocessing - Non aqueous methods, Nuclear reprocessing - Economics of reprocessing nuclear fuel, Nuclear reprocessing - list of nuclear reprocessing sites

Read more here: » Nuclear reprocessing: Encyclopedia II - Nuclear reprocessing - Spent nuclear fuel