Gascony - Origins. In pre-Roman times, the inhabitants of Gascony were the Aquitanians (Latin: Aquitani), who spoke a language related to the old Basque language. The Aquitanians inhabited a territory limited to the north and east by the Garonne River, to the south by the Pyrenees mountain range, and to the west by the Atlantic Ocean. The Romans called this territory Aquitania, either from the Latin word aqua (meaning "water"), in reference to the many rivers flowing from the Pyrenees through the area, or ...

See also:

Gascony, Gascony - History, Gascony - Origins, Gascony - Dukes and counts of Gascony, Gascony - The Vikings in Gascony 840-982, Gascony - Geography, Gascony - Economy, Gascony - External link

Read more here: » Gascony: Encyclopedia II - Gascony - History

In December 1989 Taylor launched an armed uprising from Côte d'Ivoire. His forces, known as the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), soon controlled most of the country. Doe was overthrown, and tortured to death the following year by Prince Johnson, at that time an ally of Taylor's. Doe's fall led to the political fragmentation of the country into violent factionalism. In mid-1990, Prince Johnson's supporters split from Taylor's group and captured Mon ...

See also:

Charles Taylor, Charles Taylor - Childhood, Charles Taylor - Presidency and Civil War, Charles Taylor - Sierra Leone Civil War, Charles Taylor - Rise to power, Charles Taylor - End of rule, Charles Taylor - Resignation, Charles Taylor - Quotes, Charles Taylor - External link

Read more here: » Charles Taylor: Encyclopedia II - Charles Taylor - Presidency and Civil War

Today, "London" usually refers to the conurbation known as Greater London, which is divided into thirty-two London Boroughs and the City of London and forms the London region of England. Historically, "London" referred to the square mile of the City of London at the conurbation's heart, from which the city grew. Between 1889 and 1965 it referred to the former County of London which covered the area now known as Inner London. The metropolitan area of the County of London was previously c ...

See also:

London, London - Defining London, London - Geography and climate, London - History, London - Modern London, London - Culture, London - London Districts, London - Central London, London - City of London, London - The West End, London - East London, London - The East End, London - Docklands, London - West London, London - North London, London - South London, London - Demographics, London - Government, London - Business and economy, London - Transport and infrastructure, London - Education, London - Media, London - Technology, London - Style and fashion, London - Religion, London - Sport, London - Tourist attractions, London - Places of interest, London - List of hotels in London, London - Buildings and monuments, London - Museums and galleries, London - Markets and shopping areas, London - Parks and gardens, London - Other places of interest, London - London in the arts, London - Literature featuring London, London - Films featuring London, London - Television programmes featuring London, London - Songs featuring London, London - Video Games featuring London, London - Major exhibitions staged in London, London - Parades

Read more here: » London: Encyclopedia II - London - Defining London

The history of Bengal can be divided according to the religion of its rulers. Also see History of Bengal and Bengal Renaissance. Bengal - Early History. One of the earliest historical references to be found to date is the mention of a land named Gangaridai by the Greeks around 100 BC. The word is speculated to have come from Gangahrd (Land with the Ganges in its heart) and believed to be referring to an area in Bengal. More concrete evidence of Bengal becoming a political entity is found in the 6th century, with the first recorded independent king of Bengal ...

See also:

Bengal, Bengal - History, Bengal - Early History, Bengal - Muslim Rule, Bengal - British Rule, Bengal - Independence, Bengal - Rulers of Bengal, Bengal - Pala Dynasty, Bengal - Sena Dynasty, Bengal - Ilyas Dynasty, Bengal - Ganesa Dynasty, Bengal - Ilyas Dynasty, Bengal - Habshis Dynasty, Bengal - Husaini Dynasty, Bengal - Suri Dynasty, Bengal - Karani Kararani Dynasty, Bengal - Nawabs of Bengal, Bengal - Maps during British rule on external sites

Read more here: » Bengal: Encyclopedia II - Bengal - History

In 2001, Milian released her first solo single, "AM To PM", off her self-titled debut album. It became a worldwide hit reaching the top 5 in the UK and Denmark, top 10 in the Netherlands, and top 40 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and in Australia. The success of "AM To PM" sparked the international release of the Christina Milian album although not in the U.S. The second single "When You Look At Me" was another international hit reaching the top 5 in the UK, Netherlands, and Ireland and making the top 40 in Denmark, Australia, and Fran ...

See also:

Christina Milian, Christina Milian - Early years, Christina Milian - Career success, Christina Milian - Discography, Christina Milian - Albums, Christina Milian - Singles, Christina Milian - Album appearances, Christina Milian - Soundtrack appearances, Christina Milian - Filmography, Christina Milian - Awards & nominations

Read more here: » Christina Milian: Encyclopedia II - Christina Milian - Career success

The swastika is a holy symbol in Hinduism, Jainism, Heathenry and Buddhism. In the West, it is more widely known as symbol of Nazism. The motif seems to have first been used in Neolithic Eurasia. However, it was also adopted in Native American cultures, seemingly independently. The swastika is now used universally in religious and civil ceremonies in India. Most Indian temples, weddings, festivals and celebrations are decorated with swastikas. The symbol was introduced to Southeast Asia by Hindu kings and remains an integral part of B ...

See also:

Swastika, Swastika - Overview, Swastika - Etymology and alternative names, Swastika - History, Swastika - Comet/bird hypothesis, Swastika - Early Hinduism, Swastika - Adoption of the swastika in the West, Swastika - Geometry and symbolism, Swastika - Sauwastika, Swastika - Art and architecture, Swastika - Religion and mythology, Swastika - Hinduism, Swastika - Buddhism, Swastika - Jainism, Swastika - The Abrahamic religions, Swastika - Other Asian traditions, Swastika - Native American traditions, Swastika - Pre-Christian European traditions, Swastika - Early 20th century, Swastika - Britain, Swastika - North America, Swastika - Russia, Swastika - Poland, Swastika - Finland, Swastika - Sweden, Swastika - Latvia, Swastika - Icelandic, Swastika - Ireland, Swastika - Nazi Germany, Swastika - Taboo in Western countries, Swastika - Popular culture and media, Swastika - Notes

Read more here: » Swastika: Encyclopedia II - Swastika - Overview

"Jabberwocky" has become famous around the world, with translations into many languages, including Spanish, German, Latin, French, Italian, Czech, Hungarian, Russian, Bulgarian, Japanese, Polish and Esperanto. The task of translation is the more notable and difficult because many of the principal words of the poem were simply made up by Carroll, having had no previous meaning. What the translators have done with the invented words, it appears, is to make up words of their own that have a minimal Levenshtein distance (up to homophones) from C ...

See also:

Jabberwocky, Jabberwocky - The poem, Jabberwocky - Glossary, Jabberwocky - Pronunciation, Jabberwocky - Origin and structure, Jabberwocky - Translations, Jabberwocky - Derivative works, Jabberwocky - References in popular culture

Read more here: » Jabberwocky: Encyclopedia II - Jabberwocky - Translations

Pitt traditionally has had a rivalry with Penn State University. Formerly independent powers of college football in the East, Pitt and Penn State played each other on an annual basis for state bragging rights as well as recruiting advantage. The rivalry started in 1905 and continued even when Pitt joined the Big East Conference in 1982. However, Penn State joining the Big Ten Conference in 1992, as well as disagreements betwe ...

See also:

University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh - Location, University of Pittsburgh - Education, University of Pittsburgh - Athletics, University of Pittsburgh - Rivalries, University of Pittsburgh - Notable alumni, University of Pittsburgh - Footnotes

Read more here: » University of Pittsburgh: Encyclopedia II - University of Pittsburgh - Rivalries

Abwehr - Before the War. Before he took over the Abwehr on January 1, the soon-to-be Admiral Canaris was warned by Patzig of attempts by Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich to take over all German intelligence organs. Canaris, a master of backroom dealings which were so much a part of life, thought he knew how to deal with them. But even while he tried to maintain an at-least cordial relationship with them, the antagonism between the Abweh ...

See also:

Abwehr, Abwehr - The Abwehr before Canaris, Abwehr - The Abwehr under Canaris, Abwehr - Before the War, Abwehr - The Abwehr During World War II, Abwehr - The Frau Solf Tea Party and the End of the Abwehr, Abwehr - Chiefs of the Abwehr

Read more here: » Abwehr: Encyclopedia II - Abwehr - The Abwehr under Canaris

The closest piece of land is the island of Fernando de Noronha 630 km to the Southwest. The rocks are part of Pernambuco state, Brazil. The highest of the rocks, Southwest Rock, has an elevation of 22.5 m, are peaks of the largely submarine Mid-Atlantic Ridge that extend above the water level. The rocks are scattered across an area that measures 350 m North-South and 200 m East-West. The total land area is about 10,000 m². The exact location is given as 00°55′08″N, ...

See also:

Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks - Geography, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks - Structures, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks - Biology, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks - History

Read more here: » Saint Peter and Paul Rocks: Encyclopedia II - Saint Peter and Paul Rocks - Geography

The requirements for applicants are high. Rhodes' legacy specified four standards by which applicants were to be judged: literary and scholastic attainments; energy to use one's talents to the full, as exemplified by fondness for and success in sports; truth, courage, devotion to duty, sympathy for and protection of the weak, kindliness, unselfishness and fellowship; moral force of character and instincts to lead, and to ...

See also:

Rhodes Scholarship, Rhodes Scholarship - Standards, Rhodes Scholarship - Changes, Rhodes Scholarship - Accusations of bias towards traditional sports, Rhodes Scholarship - Allocations, Rhodes Scholarship - Notable Rhodes Scholarship recipients, Rhodes Scholarship - Before 1920, Rhodes Scholarship - 1920s, Rhodes Scholarship - 1930s, Rhodes Scholarship - 1940s, Rhodes Scholarship - 1950s, Rhodes Scholarship - 1960s, Rhodes Scholarship - 1970s, Rhodes Scholarship - 1980s, Rhodes Scholarship - 1990s, Rhodes Scholarship - Undated, Rhodes Scholarship - Centenary degrees, Rhodes Scholarship - Notable Universities, Rhodes Scholarship - Former Trustees

Read more here: » Rhodes Scholarship: Encyclopedia II - Rhodes Scholarship - Standards

News of the Sago mine explosion first broke widely to televison viewers on the cable news channel CNN. At approximately 11:41 a.m. on January 2, during CNN Live Today, anchor Daryn Kagan, announced, "This just in, news out of West Virgina, an underground explosion at a coal mine there." Hundreds of media, reporters, camera crews, satellite trucks and photographers descended on the small community, taking over yards and setting up camp outside the Sago Baptist Church and at the mine's coal processing plant. Officials had turned a small second-story ...

See also:

2006 Sago Mine disaster, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - The explosion, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Immediate aftermath, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Rescue effort and recovery, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Response of government officials, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Medical treatment for survivor, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Investigation and inspections, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Safety violations, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Media coverage, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Miscommunication and wrong reports, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Media criticism of MSHA, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Victims, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Identities, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Farewell notes left to families, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - External links, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - References

Read more here: » 2006 Sago Mine disaster: Encyclopedia II - 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Media coverage

Tucson is located at 32°12′52″N, 110°55′5″W (32.214476, -110.918192)GR1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 505.3 km² (195.1 mi²). 504.2 km² (194.7 mi²) of it is land and 1.1 km² (0.4 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.22% water. Its elevation is 2,389 ft (728 m) above sea level. Tucson is bounded by four sets of mountains: the Santa Catalina Mountains to the N ...

See also:

Tucson Arizona, Tucson Arizona - History, Tucson Arizona - Geography, Tucson Arizona - Climate, Tucson Arizona - People and culture, Tucson Arizona - Demographics, Tucson Arizona - Annual cultural events and fairs, Tucson Arizona - Media, Tucson Arizona - Museums and art collections, Tucson Arizona - Parks and outdoor attractions, Tucson Arizona - Performing arts, Tucson Arizona - Sports, Tucson Arizona - Economy, Tucson Arizona - Miscellany, Tucson Arizona - Sister cities, Tucson Arizona - Additional reading

Read more here: » Tucson Arizona: Encyclopedia II - Tucson Arizona - Geography

A Dhimmi, or Zimmi (Arabic ذمي), as defined in classical Islamic legal and political literature, is a person living in a Muslim state who is a member of an officially tolerated non-Islamic religion. The term literally means person of the dhimma, the security treaty signed with the Muslim state. Dhimmi - Background. The Arabic word "dhimmi" is an adjective derived from the noun "dhimma", which means "being in the care of". The term initially applied to "People of the Book" living in lands un ...

Including:

• Dhimmi - Background
• Dhimmi - Modern vs. customary practice
• Dhimmi - Status of Dhimmis
• Dhimmi - Death penalty
• Dhimmi - Notes

Read more here: » Dhimmi: Encyclopedia - Dhimmi

Caste systems are an ancient system of social stratification or hierarchy that have existed throughout history and throughout the world, but the most well-known caste system today is the Indian Varna system. The word caste is derived from the Portuguese word casta, meaning "pure", while the original Hindu word varna means "color". Caste - Overview. Anthropologists use the term more generally to refer to a social group that is endogamous and occupationally specialized; such groups ...

Including:

• Caste - Overview
• Caste - Origins of the caste system
• Caste - Varna
• Caste - Twice born
• Caste - Jati
• Caste - Indian caste system
• Caste - Modern perceptions of caste
• Caste - Nepalese caste system
• Caste - Sri Lankan caste system
• Caste - Balinese caste system
• Caste - Japanese caste system
• Caste - Castes in ancient Israel
• Caste - Castes in Rwanda and Burundi

Read more here: » Caste: Encyclopedia - Caste

A yellow badge, also referred to as a Jewish badge, is a mandatory mark or a piece of cloth of specific geometric shape, worn on the outer garment in order to distinguish a person of certain religion or ethnicity in public. It is traditionally associated with the persecution of Jews. In some countries a badge was accompanied or replaced by identifying garb or hat. In the Middle Ages clothes worn by differen ...

Including:

• Yellow badge - Timeline

Read more here: » Yellow badge: Encyclopedia - Yellow badge

Main article: History of Alabama The memory of the Native American presence is particularly strong in Alabama. Among Native American people once living in present Alabama were Alabama (Alibamu), Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Koasati, and Mobile. Trade with the Northeast via the Ohio River began during the Burial Mound Period (1000 BC-A.D. 700) and continued until European contact. Meso-American influence is evident in the agrarian M ...

See also:

Alabama, Alabama - History, Alabama - Law and government, Alabama - Local & County Government, Alabama - Political Climate, Alabama - Geography, Alabama - Economy, Alabama - Demographics, Alabama - Race and ancestry, Alabama - Religion, Alabama - Colleges and Universities incomplete, Alabama - Culture and interests, Alabama - Notes

Read more here: » Alabama: Encyclopedia II - Alabama - History

GW has an extensive Division I program that includes Baseball, Men's and Women's Basketball, Cross Country, Golf, Gymnastics, Women's Lacrosse, Rowing, Men's and Women's Soccer, Softball, Squash, Swimming & Diving, Men's and Women's Tennis, Women's Volleyball, Men's and Women's Water Polo. The teams are called the Colonials and have achieved great successes in recent years including a first round victory in the Men's NCAA Division I Soccer Tournament in 2004 and basketball beating No. 9 Michigan State and No. 12 Maryland in back t ...

See also:

The George Washington University, The George Washington University - History, The George Washington University - Academics & Research, The George Washington University - Organization, The George Washington University - Campus, The George Washington University - Foggy Bottom Campus, The George Washington University - Mount Vernon Campus, The George Washington University - Virginia Campuses, The George Washington University - Students and Faculty, The George Washington University - Student Government, The George Washington University - Clubs and Traditions, The George Washington University - School Songs, The George Washington University - Athletics, The George Washington University - Presidents, The George Washington University - Noted Alumni, The George Washington University - Noted Faculty

Read more here: » The George Washington University: Encyclopedia II - The George Washington University - Athletics

C&O continued to be one of the more profitable and financially sound railways in the United States, and in 1963, under the guidance of Cyrus S. Eaton, helped start the modern merger era by "affiliating" with the ancient modern of railroads, the hoary Baltimore & Ohio. Avoiding a mistake that would become endemic to later mergers among other lines, a gradual amalgamation of the two lines' services, personnel, motive power and rolling stock, and facilities built a new and stronger system, which was ready for a new name in 1972. Under t ...

See also:

Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, Chesapeake and Ohio Railway - Early history Crozet and crossing the Blue Ridge Mountains, Chesapeake and Ohio Railway - C & O predecessors during the Civil War, Chesapeake and Ohio Railway - Collis P. Huntington links the tidewater of Virginia with the Ohio Valley, Chesapeake and Ohio Railway - West Virginia coal development and Newport News piers, Chesapeake and Ohio Railway - Morgan and Vanderbilt take control, Chesapeake and Ohio Railway - The C&O gains a water level route along the James River across Virginia, Chesapeake and Ohio Railway - Van Sweringen era - Pere Marquette Railroad, Chesapeake and Ohio Railway - Post World War II - Robert R. Young, Chesapeake and Ohio Railway - Chessie System CSX, Chesapeake and Ohio Railway - External link

Read more here: » Chesapeake and Ohio Railway: Encyclopedia II - Chesapeake and Ohio Railway - Chessie System CSX

The City of Alexandria, first known as Belhaven, was named in honor of John Alexander, who in the last quarter of the 17th century had bought the land on which the city now stands from Robert Howison; the first settlement here was made in 1695. Alexandria was laid out in 1749 and was incorporated in 1779. A portion of the City of Alexandria shares with all of today's Arlington County the distinction of having been originally in Virginia, ceded to the U.S. Government to form the District of Columbia, and later reattached to Virginia by the federal government in 1846, when the District was reduced in size to ...

See also:

Alexandria, Virginia, Alexandria, Virginia - Geography, Alexandria, Virginia - Areas in Alexandria, Alexandria, Virginia - Addresses, Alexandria, Virginia - Demographics, Alexandria, Virginia - Transportation, Alexandria, Virginia - Roads, Alexandria, Virginia - Airports, Alexandria, Virginia - Rail, Alexandria, Virginia - Buses, Alexandria, Virginia - History, Alexandria, Virginia - Revolutionary War, Alexandria, Virginia - Return to Virginia, Alexandria, Virginia - American Civil War, Alexandria, Virginia - Twinning, Alexandria, Virginia - Recreation, Alexandria, Virginia - Education

Read more here: » Alexandria, Virginia: Encyclopedia II - Alexandria, Virginia - History

The Indian religious system (Hinduism) is attributed to have created the caste system. This theory is analyzed below. Caste - Varna. In Sanskrit, Varņa means color, appearance, physical form or characteristic. One of the hymns of the Rig Veda, one of the holiest Hindu scripturs, gives the following enumeration in the famous Purusha Sukta (RV 10.90): मुखं किमस्य कौ बाहू का ऊरू पादा उच्येते || ब्राह ...

See also:

Caste, Caste - Overview, Caste - Origins of the Caste System, Caste - Varna, Caste - Twice Born, Caste - Jati, Caste - Indian caste system, Caste - Modern perceptions of caste, Caste - Nepalese caste system, Caste - Sri Lankan caste system, Caste - Balinese caste system, Caste - Japanese caste system, Caste - Castes in ancient Israel, Caste - Castes in Rwanda and Burundi

Read more here: » Caste: Encyclopedia II - Caste - Origins of the Caste System

Schools of sociology differ as to which social traits are significant enough to define a class, although when sociologists speak of "class" in modern society they usually mean economically-based classes. The relative importance and definition of membership in a particular class differs greatly over time and between societies, particularly in societies that have a legal differentiation of groups of people by birth or occupation. In the well-known example of socioeconomic class, many scholars view societies as stratifying into a hierarchical system based on occupation, economic status, wealth, or income. < ...

See also:

Social class, Social class - Sociological class, Social class - Weberian class, Social class - Dimensions of sociological class, Social class - Stratum models of class, Social class - Warnerian social class model, Social class - Marxian class, Social class - Proletarianisation, Social class - Dialectics or historical materialism in Marxist Class, Social class - Objective and subjective factors in class in Marxism, Social class - Non-economic conceptions of class, Social class - Class in different parts of the world

Read more here: » Social class: Encyclopedia II - Social class - Sociological class