Oslo Accords

As-Sa'iqa's political agenda is identical to that of Ba'thist Syria, i.e. Arab socialist, nationalist and strongly committed to Pan-Arab doctrine. While this reflects its Ba'thist programme, it has also used Pan-Arabism as a means of supporting the primacy of its sponsor, Syria, over the Arafat-led PLO's claim to exclusive representation of the Palestinian people. Thus, it rejected "Palestinization" of the conflict with Israel, insisting on the necessary involvement of the greater Arab nation. This occasionally went to extremes, with as-Sa'iqa leaders denying the existence of a separate Palesti ...

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As-Sa'iqa, As-Sa'iqa - History of the Organization, As-Sa'iqa - Al-Assad Takeover and Purge of as-Sa'iqa, As-Sa'iqa - With and Against the PLO in Lebanon, As-Sa'iqa - As-Sai'qa today, As-Sa'iqa - Organization and Structure, As-Sa'iqa - Ideological profile

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As the first Baby Boomer president, Clinton was seen during his presidency and during his candidacy as a change from the presidents of the World War II Generation. With his sound-bite-ready dialogue and pioneering use of pop culture in his campaigning (he appeared on The Arsenio Hall Show playing the saxophone during the 1992 campaign), Clinton was described, often negatively, as the "MTV president". Despite criticisms that his appeal to young voters lacked substance, Clinton won among Generation X voters in the 1992 election, with th ...

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Bill Clinton, Bill Clinton - Early years, Bill Clinton - Arkansas political career and education, Bill Clinton - Presidency, Bill Clinton - Presidential campaign, Bill Clinton - Significant events, Bill Clinton - Legislation and programs, Bill Clinton - Cabinet, Bill Clinton - Supreme Court appointments, Bill Clinton - The economy, Bill Clinton - Trade, Bill Clinton - Foreign policy, Bill Clinton - Impeachment and other scandals, Bill Clinton - Timeline, Bill Clinton - Public approval, Bill Clinton - Public image, Bill Clinton - Post-presidential career, Bill Clinton - Trivia

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On January 18, 2001, he addressed the nation one last time on television from the Oval Office of the White House, two days before handing over the presidency to George W. Bush, whose father he had defeated in 1992. Like many former American presidents, Clinton has engaged in a career as a public speaker on a variety of issues. In these, he continues to comment on aspects of contemporary politics. One notable theme is his advocacy of multilateral solutions to problems facing the world. Clinton's close relationship with the African Amer ...

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Bill Clinton, Bill Clinton - Early years, Bill Clinton - Arkansas political career and education, Bill Clinton - Presidency, Bill Clinton - Presidential campaign, Bill Clinton - Significant events, Bill Clinton - Legislation and programs, Bill Clinton - Cabinet, Bill Clinton - Supreme Court appointments, Bill Clinton - The economy, Bill Clinton - Trade, Bill Clinton - Foreign policy, Bill Clinton - Impeachment and other scandals, Bill Clinton - Timeline, Bill Clinton - Public approval, Bill Clinton - Public image, Bill Clinton - Post-presidential career, Bill Clinton - Trivia

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In August 2002, the Israeli Military Intelligence Chief claimed that Arafat's personal wealth was USD $1.3 billion [12], though he provided no substantiation for this claim. The U.S. business magazine "Forbes" [13] ranked Arafat as sixth on its 2003 list "Kings, Queens and Despots" [14], estimating his personal wealth to "at least $300 million", without indicating its source for this claim. In 2003 the International Monetary Fund (IMF) conducted an audit of the Palestinian Authority and stated that Arafat diverted $900 million ...

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Yasser Arafat, Yasser Arafat - Early life, Yasser Arafat - Fatah and the PLO, Yasser Arafat - Jordan, Yasser Arafat - Lebanon, Yasser Arafat - Tunisia, Yasser Arafat - Palestinian Authority and peace negotiations, Yasser Arafat - Political survival and marginalization, Yasser Arafat - Financial dealings, Yasser Arafat - Illness and death, Yasser Arafat - Aftermath, Yasser Arafat - Bibliography, Yasser Arafat - Notes

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Israel refused Arafat's wish to be buried in or near the Al Aqsa Mosque in East Jerusalem citing widespread security concerns. [20][21] Following a state funeral in Cairo, attended by many Arab leaders, Arafat was "temporarily" laid to rest on November 12 within his former headquarters in Ramallah in the West Bank watched by a large crowd. On November 16, 2004, the Canard Enchaîné newspaper reported alleged leaks of information unnamed medical sources at Percy hospital having had access to Arafat and his medical file. Accordi ...

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Yasser Arafat, Yasser Arafat - Early life, Yasser Arafat - Fatah and the PLO, Yasser Arafat - Jordan, Yasser Arafat - Lebanon, Yasser Arafat - Tunisia, Yasser Arafat - Palestinian Authority and peace negotiations, Yasser Arafat - Political survival and marginalization, Yasser Arafat - Financial dealings, Yasser Arafat - Illness and death, Yasser Arafat - Aftermath, Yasser Arafat - Bibliography, Yasser Arafat - Notes

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Prior to 1967, there was no full-fledged university in the West Bank. There were a few lesser institutions of higher education; for example, An-Najah, which started as an elementary school in 1918, became a community college in 1963. As the Jordanian government did not allow the establishment of such universities in the West Bank, it was necessary for Palestinian students to travel abroad to places such as Jordan, Lebanon, or Europe to obtain t ...

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West Bank, West Bank - Demographics of the West Bank, West Bank - Cities in the West Bank, West Bank - Origin of the name, West Bank - Political terminology, West Bank - Status, West Bank - History, West Bank - Transport and communication, West Bank - Roads, West Bank - Airports, West Bank - Railways, West Bank - Telecom, West Bank - Radio and Television, West Bank - Higher Education

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Clinton was born William Jefferson Blythe, III ; in Hope, Arkansas and raised in Hot Springs, Arkansas. He was named after his father, William Jefferson Blythe, Jr., a traveling salesman who had been killed in a car accident three months before his son was born. His mother, born Virginia Dell Cassidy (1923–1994), remarried in 1950 to Roger Clinton. Billy, as he was called, was raised by his mother and stepfather, assuming his last name "Clinton" throughout elementary school, but not formally changing it until he was 14. Clinton grew u ...

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Bill Clinton, Bill Clinton - Early years, Bill Clinton - Arkansas political career and education, Bill Clinton - Presidency, Bill Clinton - Presidential campaign, Bill Clinton - Significant events, Bill Clinton - Legislation and programs, Bill Clinton - Cabinet, Bill Clinton - Supreme Court appointments, Bill Clinton - The economy, Bill Clinton - Trade, Bill Clinton - Foreign policy, Bill Clinton - Impeachment and other scandals, Bill Clinton - Timeline, Bill Clinton - Public approval, Bill Clinton - Public image, Bill Clinton - Post-presidential career, Bill Clinton - Trivia

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Clinton received a Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service (B.S.F.S.) degree from the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University in Washington D.C., where he became a brother of Alpha Phi Omega, worked for Senator J. William Fulbright, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa and won a Rhodes Scholarship to the University of Oxford, (University College) in England. After attending Oxford, Clinton obtained a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree from Yale Law School in 1973. While at Yale, he met a classmate who w ...

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Bill Clinton, Bill Clinton - Early years, Bill Clinton - Arkansas political career and education, Bill Clinton - Presidency, Bill Clinton - Presidential campaign, Bill Clinton - Significant events, Bill Clinton - Legislation and programs, Bill Clinton - Cabinet, Bill Clinton - Supreme Court appointments, Bill Clinton - The economy, Bill Clinton - Trade, Bill Clinton - Foreign policy, Bill Clinton - Impeachment and other scandals, Bill Clinton - Timeline, Bill Clinton - Public approval, Bill Clinton - Public image, Bill Clinton - Post-presidential career, Bill Clinton - Trivia

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Until 1973 Likud had been an alliance of the right-wing Herut and centrist Liberal parties (Gush Herut ve-Liberalim; "Gahal") that had never had an active role in governing Israel and had always been a weak opposition. Levy distinguished himself as the first of many young working-class members of the party from a Mizrahi (Oriental) background. Until then Herut and the Liberals had been both dominated by right-wing upper-class or upper-middle-c ...

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David Levy Israeli politician, David Levy Israeli politician - Early Career, David Levy Israeli politician - Ministries, David Levy Israeli politician - Political Complications, David Levy Israeli politician - Promotion Downward, David Levy Israeli politician - Anticlimax, David Levy Israeli politician - Last Stand, David Levy Israeli politician - Private Faction, David Levy Israeli politician - The Winning Partnership, David Levy Israeli politician - Temporary Defection, David Levy Israeli politician - Slow Slide back to the Likud

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West Bank - Roads. The West Bank has 4,500 km of roads, of which 2,700 km are paved. Israel has developed many highways to service its settlements, and until the start of Al-Aqsa Intifada in September 2000, these roads were accessible to Palestinians. In response to shootings by Palestinians, some of these highways, especially those leading to settlements, have been completely inaccessible to cars with Palestinian license plates, while many others are restricted only to public transportation and to Palestinians w ...

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West Bank, West Bank - Demographics of the West Bank, West Bank - Cities in the West Bank, West Bank - Origin of the name, West Bank - Political terminology, West Bank - Status, West Bank - History, West Bank - Transport and communication, West Bank - Roads, West Bank - Airports, West Bank - Railways, West Bank - Telecom, West Bank - Radio and Television, West Bank - Higher Education

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The Arab-Israeli conflict is a modern phenomenon, which dates back to the end of the 19th century. The conflict became a major international issue after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1917, and in various forms it continues to this day. The Arab-Israeli conflict has resulted in at least five major wars and a number of "minor conflicts". It has also been the source of two major Palestinian intifadas (uprisings) and is cited by al-Qaeda, a largely Arab organization, as one of the reasons for its conflict with the Western world. The periods of conflict include: See also:

Arab-Israeli conflict, Arab-Israeli conflict - History, Arab-Israeli conflict - Before 1947, Arab-Israeli conflict - War of 1948, Arab-Israeli conflict - Aftermath of the 1948 war, Arab-Israeli conflict - War of 1956, Arab-Israeli conflict - Between 1956 and 1967, Arab-Israeli conflict - War of 1967, Arab-Israeli conflict - War of 1968-1970, Arab-Israeli conflict - War of 1973, Arab-Israeli conflict - War of 1978, Arab-Israeli conflict - War of 1982, Arab-Israeli conflict - Intifada of 1987-1993, Arab-Israeli conflict - Gulf War of 1990-1991, Arab-Israeli conflict - Intifada of 2000, Arab-Israeli conflict - Reasons for the conflict, Arab-Israeli conflict - Israeli views, Arab-Israeli conflict - Palestinian and other Arab views, Arab-Israeli conflict - Mutual claims, Arab-Israeli conflict - Peace and reconciliation, Arab-Israeli conflict - Quotations, Arab-Israeli conflict - Abbreviated timeline

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Political Zionism has encountered opposition ever since it was first articulated in the 19th century. It is therefore possible to speak of a history of anti-Zionism reaching back for more than a century. That history, however, embraces several different phenomena. Muslim ant-Zionism opposes the state of Israel as an intrusion into their domain. Some anti-Zionists, including many Palestinian and other Arab or Islamic militant groups, as well as the government of Iran, insist that the State of Israel is illegitimate and refuse to refer ...

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Anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Defining anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism dictionary definitions, Anti-Zionism - Types of anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Jewish anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Socialist Bolshevik Anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Arab anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Islamist anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Western anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Soviet anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - International anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism and Anti-Semitism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism and Post-Zionism

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As the 1992 elections neared, Levy vowed to crush Netanyahu, and used all of his influence in the Central Committee to clip his rival's wings. The effort was in vain, as Netanyahu wowed the political spectrum when he earned the no. 2 slot on the Likud list after Shamir, while Levy earned the eight. The humiliating defeat brought to attention how much Levy's support had slipped. Shamir seemed ready to ...

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David Levy Israeli politician, David Levy Israeli politician - Early Career, David Levy Israeli politician - Ministries, David Levy Israeli politician - Political Complications, David Levy Israeli politician - Promotion Downward, David Levy Israeli politician - Anticlimax, David Levy Israeli politician - Last Stand, David Levy Israeli politician - Private Faction, David Levy Israeli politician - The Winning Partnership, David Levy Israeli politician - Temporary Defection, David Levy Israeli politician - Slow Slide back to the Likud

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The West Bank is inhabited by approximately 2.8 million people, 2.4 million Palestinians, over 400,000 Israeli settlers (including those in East Jerusalem), and small ethnic groups such as the Samaritans numbering in the hundreds or low thousands. The Jewish settlers in the West Bank live mostly in Israeli settlements, though populations exist in Arab neighborhoods of Jerusalem and Hebron. Interactions between the two societies have generally declined due to the rec ...

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West Bank, West Bank - Demographics of the West Bank, West Bank - Cities in the West Bank, West Bank - Origin of the name, West Bank - Political terminology, West Bank - Status, West Bank - History, West Bank - Transport and communication, West Bank - Roads, West Bank - Airports, West Bank - Railways, West Bank - Telecom, West Bank - Radio and Television, West Bank - Higher Education

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The most densely populated part of the region is a mountainous spine, running north-south, where the cities of East Jerusalem, Nablus, Ramallah, Bethlehem, and Hebron are located. Jenin, in the extreme north of the West Bank is on the southern edge of the Jezreel Valley, Qalqilyah and Tulkarm are in the low foothills adjacent to the Israeli coastal plain, and Jericho is situated near the Jordan River, just north of the Dead Sea. Ma'ale Adumim (about 6 km east of Jerusalem), Modi'in Illit, Betar Illit and Ariel are the largest Israeli settlements in the territory. See al ...

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West Bank, West Bank - Demographics of the West Bank, West Bank - Cities in the West Bank, West Bank - Origin of the name, West Bank - Political terminology, West Bank - Status, West Bank - History, West Bank - Transport and communication, West Bank - Roads, West Bank - Airports, West Bank - Railways, West Bank - Telecom, West Bank - Radio and Television, West Bank - Higher Education

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Levy has a long recorded history of quitting from governments and coalitions (both Likud's coalitions and Israeli Labor Party's coalitions). This, and his bad English, made Levy a subject for many popular and folklore jokes in Israel. From 1977 until 1981, Levy was Minister of Immigrant Absorption in the first two Begin governments. At this time the largest issues in that field were the campaign to liberate Soviet Jews confined to the USSR, and the controversy over the Beta Israel, Ethiopian tribes that at that time had still not rece ...

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David Levy Israeli politician, David Levy Israeli politician - Early Career, David Levy Israeli politician - Ministries, David Levy Israeli politician - Political Complications, David Levy Israeli politician - Promotion Downward, David Levy Israeli politician - Anticlimax, David Levy Israeli politician - Last Stand, David Levy Israeli politician - Private Faction, David Levy Israeli politician - The Winning Partnership, David Levy Israeli politician - Temporary Defection, David Levy Israeli politician - Slow Slide back to the Likud

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From the beginning of March until the first week in May 2002, there were approximately 16 bombings in Israel, mostly suicide attacks. More than 100 persons were killed and scores wounded. 18 Israelis were killed in two separate Palestinian attacks on March 8 and 9, and a terrorist attack in Netanya killed 28 and injured 140 on March 29. [5] Of some 100 bombers who carried out suicide attacks since the intifada began in October 2000, 23[6] or 28[7] wer ...

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Battle of Jenin 2002, Battle of Jenin 2002 - Precursors to the battle of Jenin, Battle of Jenin 2002 - The battle, Battle of Jenin 2002 - Change in Israeli tactics, Battle of Jenin 2002 - After the battle, Battle of Jenin 2002 - Allegations of a Massacre, Battle of Jenin 2002 - Inflated body counts, Battle of Jenin 2002 - Massacre, Battle of Jenin 2002 - Human Rights Reports, Battle of Jenin 2002 - UN report, Battle of Jenin 2002 - Human Rights Watch report, Battle of Jenin 2002 - Amnesty International report, Battle of Jenin 2002 - Notes on the independent reports, Battle of Jenin 2002 - UN fact finding mission

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The future status of the West Bank, together with the Gaza Strip on the Mediterranean shore, has been the subject of negotiation between the Palestinians and Israelis, although the current Road Map for Peace, proposed by the "Quartet" comprising the United States, Russia, the European Union, and the United Nations, envisions an independent Palestinian state in these territories living side by side with Israel (see also ...

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West Bank, West Bank - Demographics of the West Bank, West Bank - Cities in the West Bank, West Bank - Origin of the name, West Bank - Political terminology, West Bank - Status, West Bank - History, West Bank - Transport and communication, West Bank - Roads, West Bank - Airports, West Bank - Railways, West Bank - Telecom, West Bank - Radio and Television, West Bank - Higher Education

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Levy's candidacy was supposed to rejuvenate the Likud's Mizrahi voting base, and form a conservative working class opposition to Labour. Levy's policies on the peace question was moderate relative to Ariel Sharon, Moshe Arens, and almost all other senior Likud figures. Again he ran parallel to Benjamin Netanyahu. At that time, right-wing Israelis were launching a long opposition plan to the new prime minister, Yitzhak Rabin (Labour). Netanyahu talk a hard-line stand, describing a doomsday scenario of terror at the doorstep of every Is ...

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David Levy Israeli politician, David Levy Israeli politician - Early Career, David Levy Israeli politician - Ministries, David Levy Israeli politician - Political Complications, David Levy Israeli politician - Promotion Downward, David Levy Israeli politician - Anticlimax, David Levy Israeli politician - Last Stand, David Levy Israeli politician - Private Faction, David Levy Israeli politician - The Winning Partnership, David Levy Israeli politician - Temporary Defection, David Levy Israeli politician - Slow Slide back to the Likud

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Hamas regards the territory of the present-day State of Israel — as well as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank — as an inalienable Islamic waqf or religious bequest, which can never be surrendered to non-Muslims. It asserts that struggle (jihad) to wrest control of the land from Israel is the religious duty of every Muslim (fard `ain). This position is more radical than that now held by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), which in 1988 recognized Israel's sovereignty. Hamas does not recognize Israel as a sovereign st ...

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Hamas, Hamas - Overview, Hamas - Name, Hamas - History, Hamas - Quick timeline, Hamas - Pre 1987 - Palestinian Islamic Activities Prior to the Creation of Hamas, Hamas - 1987 - The Establishment of Hamas, Hamas - 1991 - The Gulf War, Hamas - 2004 - A 10-year Truce, Hamas - 2005 - Israel's unilateral disengagement plan, Hamas - January 2006 - Winning the Legislative Election, Hamas - Beliefs, Hamas - The Covenant of Hamas, Hamas - Activities, Hamas - Legal action against Hamas, Hamas - List of notable Hamas members, Hamas - Endnotes

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Until recently the leaders of the PLF were active in the PLO with Abu Abbas acting as PLF representative in the PLO's executive committee. During the years after the PLO signed the 1993 Oslo Accords, which the PLF opposes, Abu Abbas agreed to abandon terrorism and acknowledged Israel's right to exist. The movement maintained offices in the Palestinian Territories, Lebanon and Iraq, but its activities dwindled. It has a low level of support in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and its main strength lies in the Lebanese refugee camps, where it is reported to h ...

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Palestine Liberation Front, Palestine Liberation Front - Origins, Palestine Liberation Front - 1982 split, Palestine Liberation Front - PLF in recent years, Palestine Liberation Front - Prominent attacks

Read more here: » Palestine Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - Palestine Liberation Front - PLF in recent years

In 1982, following the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, the organization split into three factions. One of the main points of disagreement was the relation to the mainstream PLO and Fatah, with some members critically supporting Arafat, while others joined the rebellion against him. All three faction claimed to represent the original organization and kept the name PLF: General Secretary Ya'qub headed a moderately pro-Syrian faction centered in Lebanon. It declared neutrality in the anti-Arafat revolt. A minor faction u ...

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Palestine Liberation Front, Palestine Liberation Front - Origins, Palestine Liberation Front - 1982 split, Palestine Liberation Front - PLF in recent years, Palestine Liberation Front - Prominent attacks

Read more here: » Palestine Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - Palestine Liberation Front - 1982 split