Upon assuming office on January 20, 1977, President Carter moved to rejuvenate the Middle Eastern peace process that had stalled throughout the 1976 presidential campaign in the United States. Following the advice of a Brookings Institution report, Carter opted to replace the incremental, bilateral peace talks which had characterized Kissinger's shuttle diplomacy following the 1973 Yom Kippur War with a comprehensive, multilateral approach. This new approach called for the reconvening of the 1973 Geneva Conference, this time with a Palestinian d ...

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Camp David Accords 1978, Camp David Accords 1978 - Background, Camp David Accords 1978 - The Sadat Peace Initiative, Camp David Accords 1978 - The talks, Camp David Accords 1978 - Terms of the agreements, Camp David Accords 1978 - Consequences, Camp David Accords 1978 - Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties

Read more here: » Camp David Accords 1978: Encyclopedia II - Camp David Accords 1978 - Background

After World War I, and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, a Jewish-Arab agreement (the Faisal_Weizmann Agreement) was signed by Haim Weizmann (later the first president of the state of Israel) and Emir Faisal (later the first King of Iraq) in which the Emir pledged to support the 1917 Balfour Declaration regarding the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine. Both men disregarded the wishes of the Arabs in Palestine. In exchange, the Arabian Peninsula was to form an Arab kingdom. This agreement was ratified during the Paris P ...

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West Bank, West Bank - Demographics of the West Bank, West Bank - Cities in the West Bank, West Bank - Origin of the name, West Bank - Political terminology, West Bank - Status, West Bank - History, West Bank - Transport and communication, West Bank - Roads, West Bank - Airports, West Bank - Railways, West Bank - Telecom, West Bank - Radio and Television, West Bank - Higher Education

Read more here: » West Bank: Encyclopedia II - West Bank - History

Main article: Palestinian presidential election, 2005 Municipal election are being held in a multistage process, the most recent of which occured on December 23, 2005. On that day, elections were held in 26 municipalities that included over 140,000 eligible voters in Jericho and 25 villages in the West Bank. ...

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Elections in the Palestinian National Authority, Elections in the Palestinian National Authority - Last elections, Elections in the Palestinian National Authority - Past elections, Elections in the Palestinian National Authority - Future elections

Read more here: » Elections in the Palestinian National Authority: Encyclopedia II - Elections in the Palestinian National Authority - Last elections

Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Madrid and Oslo 1991-93. Main articles: Madrid Conference of 1991 and Oslo Accords. In 1991, just after the First Gulf War, a breakthrough occurred when US president George H.W. Bush called a conference in Madrid, Spain, dubbed the Madrid Peace Conference of 1991. Talks continued in Washington, DC, but with few results, and were replaced by a series of clandestine meetings between Israeli and Palestinian negotiators hosted by Norway. T ...

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Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Views of the peace process, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Palestinian views of the peace process, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Israeli views of the peace process, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - American views of the peace process, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Obstacles arising on both sides, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Attempts to make peace, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Madrid and Oslo 1991-93, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Camp David 2000 Summit, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Beirut summit, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The Road Map for peace, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Alternative peace proposals, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - List of peace proposals, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Other peace projects, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties

Read more here: » Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Encyclopedia II - Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Attempts to make peace

Politics of Israel - Knesset. Main articles: Knesset, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]]See also:

Politics of Israel, Politics of Israel - Legislative branch, Politics of Israel - Knesset, Politics of Israel - Electoral system, Politics of Israel - Israeli judicial system, Politics of Israel - Secular courts, Politics of Israel - Jewish religious courts, Politics of Israel - Non-Jewish religious courts, Politics of Israel - Political conditions, Politics of Israel - Recent Prime Ministers and governments, Politics of Israel - Begin 1977-1983 and Shamir 1983-1984, Politics of Israel - Peres 1984-1986 and Shamir 1986-1990, Politics of Israel - Shamir 1990-1992, Politics of Israel - Rabin 1992-1995, Politics of Israel - Peres 1995-1996, Politics of Israel - Netanyahu 1996-1999, Politics of Israel - Barak 1999-2001, Politics of Israel - Sharon 2001- present, Politics of Israel - Other political groups, Politics of Israel - Political right, Politics of Israel - Political left, Politics of Israel - Interest groups, Politics of Israel - Others, Politics of Israel - Political issues, Politics of Israel - International organization participation, Politics of Israel - Districts, Politics of Israel - Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties

Read more here: » Politics of Israel: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Israel - Legislative branch

There are several plans for a possible Palestinian state. Each one has many variations. Some of the more prominent plans include: Creation of a Palestinian state out of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, with its capital in East Jerusalem. This would make the 1949 Armistice lines, perhaps with minor changes, into permanent de jure borders. This long-extant idea forms the basis of a peace plan put forward by Saudi Arabia in March 2002, which was accepted by the "State of Palestine" and all other members of the Arab League. This pl ...

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Proposals for a Palestinian state, Proposals for a Palestinian state - History, Proposals for a Palestinian state - Historical proposals and events, Proposals for a Palestinian state - Proposals for Arab or Jewish states in the early mandate period, Proposals for a Palestinian state - Current proposals for a Palestinian State, Proposals for a Palestinian state - Peace process, Proposals for a Palestinian state - Historical views, Proposals for a Palestinian state - Historical Israeli views, Proposals for a Palestinian state - Historical Arab views, Proposals for a Palestinian state - Modern view, Proposals for a Palestinian state - Impediments to the establishment of a Palestinian state, Proposals for a Palestinian state - Plans for a solution

Read more here: » Proposals for a Palestinian state: Encyclopedia II - Proposals for a Palestinian state - Plans for a solution

Hamas was funded directly and indirectly during the 1970s and 1980s by various states including Saudi Arabia. The political/charitable arm of Hamas was officially registered and recognized within Israel at this time: indeed Israel supported and encouraged Hamas' early growth in an effort to undermine the secular Fatah movement of Yasser Arafat. Hamas abstained from politics throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, concentrating on social issues such as exposing corruption, administration of waqf (trusts) and organizing community projects. Towards the mid-80s, however, the movement was taken over by a militant fa ...

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Hamas, Hamas - Background, Hamas - Name, Hamas - Beliefs, Hamas - History, Hamas - Activities, Hamas - Legal action against Hamas, Hamas - List of notable Hamas members

Read more here: » Hamas: Encyclopedia II - Hamas - History

In 2003 and 2004, The Ezzedeen-al-Qassam brigades in Gaza developed a powerful organization that was able to resist many IDF incursions, such as during the Jabalya siege of October 2004 (see Operation Days of Penitence). However, these battles took a heavy toll in the brigade's ranks, with as many as several hundred of its members killed. The group however kept gaining power and was able to carry out sophisticated attacks late in 2004 and in the beginning of 2005 [citation needed]. The brigades can count on a huge pool of i ...

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Ezzedeen-al-qassam, Ezzedeen-al-qassam - Organisation and structure, Ezzedeen-al-qassam - Operations and activities, Ezzedeen-al-qassam - Current leaders, Ezzedeen-al-qassam - Notable members

Read more here: » Ezzedeen-al-qassam: Encyclopedia II - Ezzedeen-al-qassam - Operations and activities

Chile This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Chile Constitution of Chile President of Chile National Congress: Senate - Chamber of Deputies Political parties in Chile Elections in Chile: President: 1826 - 1827 - 1829 - 1831 1836 - 1841 - 1846 - 1851 - 1856 - 1861 1866 - 1871 - 1876 - 1881 - 1886 1891 - 1896 - 1901 - 1906 - 1910 1915 - 1920 - 1925 - 1927 - 1931 1932 - 1938 - 1941 - 1946 - 1952 1958 - 1964 - 1970 - 1989 - 1993 199 ...

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Elections in 2006, Elections in 2006 - January 15: Chile, Elections in 2006 - January 15: Finland, Elections in 2006 - January 22: Cape Verde, Elections in 2006 - January 22: Portugal, Elections in 2006 - January 23: Canada, Elections in 2006 - Notes, Elections in 2006 - January 25: Palestinian National Authority, Elections in 2006 - Upcoming elections

Read more here: » Elections in 2006: Encyclopedia II - Elections in 2006 - January 15: Chile

The PFLP grew out of the Harakat al-Qawmiyyin al-Arab, or Arab Nationalist Movement (ANM), founded in 1953 by Dr. George Habash, a Palestinian Christian, from Lydda/Lod in what is now Israel. The family had been forced into exile after the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. The 22-year-old Habash went to Lebanon to study medicine at the American University in Beirut, graduating in 1951. In an interview with American journalist John Cooley, Habash identified the Arab defeat by Israel as "the scientific society of Israel as against our own b ...

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Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Origins in the ANM, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Formation of the PFLP, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - PLO membership, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Breakaway organizations, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Successors to George Habash, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Current political situation, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Armed attacks before 2000, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Attacks during the Al-Aqsa Intifada

Read more here: » Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine: Encyclopedia II - Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Origins in the ANM

Geographically, the Strip forms the westernmost portion of the Palestinian territories in Southwest Asia, having land borders with Egypt on the south-west and Israel on the north and east. On the west, it is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea. The Strip's borders were originally defined by the armistice lines between Egypt and Israel after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, which followed the dissolution of the British mandate of Palestine. It was occupied by Egypt (except for four months of Israeli occupation during the Suez Crisis) until it w ...

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Gaza Strip, Gaza Strip - Background, Gaza Strip - Demographics, Gaza Strip - Geography, Gaza Strip - Economy, Gaza Strip - Health, Gaza Strip - Transport and communication

Read more here: » Gaza Strip: Encyclopedia II - Gaza Strip - Background

Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Formation as the PDFLP. In 1969, a faction of the left-wing Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) broke away from the main organization to form the Popular Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PDFLP). The PDFLP was headed by Secretary-General Niaf Hawatmeh, who had been referred to as a leader of the PFLP's Maoist tendency. He believed that the PFLP had become, under the guidance of George Habash, too focused on military matters, and wanted to ma ...

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Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine - History, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Formation as the PDFLP, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Early years and ideological moderation, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Between Fatah and the Rejectionists, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Stagnation in the 1980s, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine - 1991 split, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine - The Oslo period, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Second Intifada 2000-, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Political influence, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Area of operation, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine - External Relations

Read more here: » Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine: Encyclopedia II - Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine - History

Rabin was born in Jerusalem in what was then Palestine (formal; British Mandate of Palestine). He grew up in Tel Aviv, where his family moved when he was one year old, and in 1940 he graduated with distinction from the Kadoori Agricultural High School. His matriculation was his last formal education, with the exception of some military strategy courses which he later took in the United Kingdom. He aspired to become an irrigation engineer. In 1941, during his practical training at Kibbutz Ramat Yochanan, Rabin joined the Palmach section of the Haganah, and ...

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Yitzhak Rabin, Yitzhak Rabin - Youth and service in the Palmach, Yitzhak Rabin - IDF service, Yitzhak Rabin - Ambassador and Minister of Labor, Yitzhak Rabin - First term as prime minister, Yitzhak Rabin - Opposition member and minister of defence, Yitzhak Rabin - Second term as prime minister, Yitzhak Rabin - Assassination and aftermath

Read more here: » Yitzhak Rabin: Encyclopedia II - Yitzhak Rabin - Youth and service in the Palmach

The movement, which espoused a Palestinian nationalist ideology in which Palestine would be liberated by the actions of Palestinians, was founded in 1958 or 1959 by members of the Palestinian diaspora - principally professionals working in the Gulf States who had been refugees in Gaza and had gone on to study in Cairo. The most notable of these was Yasser Arafat, who was head of the Palestinian student movement in Cairo from 1952 to 1956. Fatah became the dominant force in Palestinian politics after the 1967 Six-Day War dealt the coup de grà ...

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Fatah, Fatah - History, Fatah - Participation in the peace process and controversies, Fatah - Fatah armed factions

Read more here: » Fatah: Encyclopedia II - Fatah - History

Politics of Israel - Knesset. Main article: Knesset The Knesset (lit. assembly) is Israel's unicameral parliament, whose 120 members are elected to 4-year terms through party-list proportional representation (see electoral system, below), as mandated by the 1958 Basic Law: The Knesset. As the legislative branch of the Israeli government, the Knesset enacts laws, supervises government activities, and is empowered to remove the President of the State or State Comptroller from office ...

See also:

Politics of Israel, Politics of Israel - Legislative branch, Politics of Israel - Knesset, Politics of Israel - Electoral system, Politics of Israel - Israeli judicial system, Politics of Israel - Secular courts, Politics of Israel - Jewish religious courts, Politics of Israel - Non-Jewish religious courts, Politics of Israel - Political conditions, Politics of Israel - Recent Prime Ministers and governments, Politics of Israel - Begin 1977-1983 and Shamir 1983-1984, Politics of Israel - Peres 1984-1986 and Shamir 1986-1990, Politics of Israel - Shamir 1990-1992, Politics of Israel - Rabin 1992-1995, Politics of Israel - Peres 1995-1996, Politics of Israel - Netanyahu 1996-1999, Politics of Israel - Barak 1999-2001, Politics of Israel - Sharon 2001- 2006, Politics of Israel - Olmert 2006 - present, Politics of Israel - Other political groups, Politics of Israel - Political right, Politics of Israel - Political left, Politics of Israel - Interest groups, Politics of Israel - Others, Politics of Israel - Political issues, Politics of Israel - International organization participation, Politics of Israel - Districts, Politics of Israel - Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties

Read more here: » Politics of Israel: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Israel - Legislative branch

Al-Makadmeh, age 52, was the father of seven children. He was a devoted preacher and political activist opposed to the Israeli occupation of Palestine. He was four years old when his family was expelled from the village of Yibna, south-west of Jerusalem, when Israel was created. Al-Makadmeh and his family fled to the refugee camps at Bureij and later moved to Jabalia. After graduating from secondary school in Jabalia, al-Makadmeh studied dentistry in Egypt where he adopted the Islamist ideology of the Muslim Brotherhood. When he retur ...

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Ibrahim al-Makadmeh, Ibrahim al-Makadmeh - Assassination, Ibrahim al-Makadmeh - Biography

Read more here: » Ibrahim al-Makadmeh: Encyclopedia II - Ibrahim al-Makadmeh - Biography

The agreement consists of a "preamble" acknowledging its roots in earlier diplomatic efforts of UN Security Council Resolution 242 (1967) and UN Security Council Resolution 338 (1973) the Madrid Conference of 1991 and the other prior agreements that came before it. The agreement has five "chapters" consisting of thirty-one "articles", plus seven "annexes" and nine attached "maps". Most significantly the agreement recognizes the establishment of a "Palestinian Interim Self-Government ...

See also:

Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip - Follows Oslo 1, Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip - Precedes Hebron Protocol and Wye River Memorandum, Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip - The agreement, Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip - Supersedes three earlier agreements signed during 1994-5, Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip - Chapter 1: The Palestinian Council, Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip - Chapter 2: Redeployment and security arrangements, Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip - Chapter 3: Legal affairs, Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip - Chapter 4: Cooperation, Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip - Chapter 5: Miscellaneous provisions, Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip - Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties

Read more here: » Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip: Encyclopedia II - Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip - The agreement

Arafat's long personal and political survival was taken by most Western commentators as a sign of his mastery of asymmetric warfare and his skill as a tactician, given the extremely dangerous nature of politics of the Middle East and the frequency of assassinations. Some commentators believe his personal survival was largely due to Israel's fear that he could become a martyr for the Palestinian cause if he was to be assassinated or even arrested by Israel. Others believe that Israel kept Arafat alive because they feared Arafat less than Hama ...

See also:

Yasser Arafat, Yasser Arafat - Early life, Yasser Arafat - Fatah and the PLO, Yasser Arafat - Jordan, Yasser Arafat - Lebanon, Yasser Arafat - Tunisia, Yasser Arafat - Palestinian Authority and peace negotiations, Yasser Arafat - Political survival and marginalization, Yasser Arafat - Financial dealings, Yasser Arafat - Illness and death, Yasser Arafat - Aftermath, Yasser Arafat - Bibliography, Yasser Arafat - Notes

Read more here: » Yasser Arafat: Encyclopedia II - Yasser Arafat - Political survival and marginalization

Hamas - Quick timeline. 1984. Arrest of Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, condemned to 12 years of prison after the discovery of an arms cache. Yassin is freed the next year. 1987. Creation of Hamas by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin. 1987-1993. First Intifada 1988 Hamas Covenant. 1989. Israel outlaws Hamas and imprisons Sheikh Ahmed Yassin. 1991. Gulf War. 1992. Creati ...

See also:

Hamas, Hamas - Overview, Hamas - Name, Hamas - History, Hamas - Quick timeline, Hamas - Pre 1987 - Palestinian Islamic Activities Prior to the Creation of Hamas, Hamas - 1987 - The Establishment of Hamas, Hamas - 1991 - The Gulf War, Hamas - 2004 - A 10-year Truce, Hamas - 2005 - Israel's unilateral disengagement plan, Hamas - January 2006 - Winning the Legislative Election, Hamas - Beliefs, Hamas - The Covenant of Hamas, Hamas - Activities, Hamas - Legal action against Hamas, Hamas - List of notable Hamas members, Hamas - Endnotes

Read more here: » Hamas: Encyclopedia II - Hamas - History

Bill Clinton - Presidential campaign. Clinton's first foray into national politics occurred when he was enlisted to speak at the 1988 Democratic National Convention, introducing candidate Michael Dukakis. Clinton's address, scheduled to last 15 minutes, became a debacle as Clinton gave a notoriously long and uninspiring speech that lasted over half an hour [1]. Four years later, Clinton prepared for a run in 1992 against incumbent President George H. W. Bush. In the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War, Bush ...

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Bill Clinton, Bill Clinton - Early years, Bill Clinton - Arkansas political career and education, Bill Clinton - Presidency, Bill Clinton - Presidential campaign, Bill Clinton - Significant events, Bill Clinton - Legislation and programs, Bill Clinton - Cabinet, Bill Clinton - Supreme Court appointments, Bill Clinton - The economy, Bill Clinton - Trade, Bill Clinton - Foreign policy, Bill Clinton - Impeachment and other scandals, Bill Clinton - Timeline, Bill Clinton - Public approval, Bill Clinton - Public image, Bill Clinton - Post-presidential career, Bill Clinton - Trivia

Read more here: » Bill Clinton: Encyclopedia II - Bill Clinton - Presidency

In accordance with the provisions of the Interim Agreement both parties agreed on this protocol for the implementation of the redeployment in Hebron. Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron - Security arrangements. The redeployment of the Israel Defense Forces in Hebron would be carried out in accordance with the Interim Agreement and the Protocol. Redeployment would be completed not later than ten days from the signing of this Protocol. During these ten days both sides would exert every possi ...

See also:

Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron, Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron - Background, Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron - Outline, Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron - Complex agreement, Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron - Agreed Minute, Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron - Note for the Record, Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron - Israeli responsibilities, Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron - Palestinian responsibilities, Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron - Protocol concerning the redeployment in Hebron, Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron - Security arrangements, Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron - Civil arrangements and transfer of civil powers, Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron - Miscellaneous, Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron - Letter from Secretary Christopher, Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron - Agreement on the Temporary International Presence in Hebron

Read more here: » Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron: Encyclopedia II - Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron - Protocol concerning the redeployment in Hebron

Two weeks after the death of Arafat, Fatah nominated former PNA prime minister Mahmoud Abbas (also known as Abu Mazen) as its candidate, despite his relative lack of popular appeal. Palestinian Legislative Council member and Fatah leader in the West Bank Marwan Barghouti, who was in prison in Israel after being convicted for a number of intifada killings, suggested that he might run, inspiring considerable speculation about his prospects. He was seen as the only ...

See also:

Palestinian presidential election 2005, Palestinian presidential election 2005 - Early stages of the campaign: nomination and withdrawal of Marwan Barghouti, Palestinian presidential election 2005 - Final list of candidates, Palestinian presidential election 2005 - The election campaign, Palestinian presidential election 2005 - Conduct of the polling, Palestinian presidential election 2005 - Results, Palestinian presidential election 2005 - Turnout, Palestinian presidential election 2005 - Exclusion of Diaspora Palestinians, Palestinian presidential election 2005 - International response

Read more here: » Palestinian presidential election 2005: Encyclopedia II - Palestinian presidential election 2005 - Early stages of the campaign: nomination and withdrawal of Marwan Barghouti