Oslo Accords

The city of Oslo constitutes a county of Norway. It is governed by a city government (Byråd) based on the principle of Parliamentarism. The government consists of 6 government members called commissioners (byråder, sing. byråd), and is appointed by the city council, which is the supreme authority of the city. The council consists of 59 popularly elected representatives. Following the latest reform of January 1, 2004, the city is divided into 15 boroughs (bydel) that are to a considerable extent self governed. In addition, there is the main city centre and the rural/recreational areas (marka), not ...

See also:

Oslo, Oslo - Physical environment, Oslo - History, Oslo - Some points of interest, Oslo - Institutions of higher learning, Oslo - Communications, Oslo - Air, Oslo - Sea, Oslo - Train, Oslo - Local public transport, Oslo - Administration, Oslo - Media, Oslo - Sports, Oslo - Historical population, Oslo - Born in Oslo

Read more here: » Oslo: Encyclopedia II - Oslo - Administration

William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe, III on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. Clinton served five terms as the Governor of Arkansas. His wife, former First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton, is currently the junior U.S. Senator from New York. Generally regarded as a moderate populist, and a member of the moderate New Democrat wing of the Democratic Party, he headed the centrist Democratic Leadership Council in 1990 and 1991. During his tenure as ...

Including:

• Bill Clinton - Early Life
• Bill Clinton - Arkansas political career and education
• Bill Clinton - Presidency
• Bill Clinton - Presidential campaign
• Bill Clinton - Significant events
• Bill Clinton - Legislation and programs
• Bill Clinton - Cabinet
• Bill Clinton - Supreme Court appointments
• Bill Clinton - The economy
• Bill Clinton - Trade
• Bill Clinton - Foreign policy
• Bill Clinton - Impeachment and other scandals
• Bill Clinton - Timeline
• Bill Clinton - Public approval
• Bill Clinton - Public image
• Bill Clinton - Post-presidential career
• Bill Clinton - Trivia

Read more here: » Bill Clinton: Encyclopedia - Bill Clinton

Arab anti-Semitism is anti-Semitism (hostility towards or discrimination against Jews) in the Arab world. As the Arab-Israeli conflict has placed Arab states in conflict with the Jewish state of Israel for decades, alleged and actual anti-Semitism has been a recurring issue in Arab countries, and is the source of much controversy. Arabs, in general, refer to the term Arab anti-Semitism as oxymoron since the Arabs are Semitic people. They even argue that Jews came to Palestine in the early twentieth century because of the anti-Semitism ...

Including:

• Arabs and anti-Semitism - Arab anti-Semitism in the 20th and 21st century
• Arabs and anti-Semitism - Saudi Arabia
• Arabs and anti-Semitism - Arab Newspapers
• Arabs and anti-Semitism - Arab 9/11 conspiracy theories
• Arabs and anti-Semitism - The Palestinian Authority's view of Israel
• Arabs and anti-Semitism - The Palestinian Authority's view of Jews
• Arabs and anti-Semitism - Hizbullah's Al-Manar TV channel
• Arabs and anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitic laws and policies in Arab countries
• Arabs and anti-Semitism - Quotes
• Arabs and anti-Semitism - Jewish-Arab dialogue

Read more here: » Arabs and anti-Semitism: Encyclopedia - Arabs and anti-Semitism

The Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David of July 2000 took place between United States President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak, and Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat. It was an attempt to negotiate a "final status settlement" to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Camp David 2000 Summit - The summit. President Clinton announced his invitation to Barak and Arafat on July 5, 2000, to come to Camp David to continue their negotiations on the Middle East peace process. Building on th ...

Including:

• Camp David 2000 Summit - The summit
• Camp David 2000 Summit - Trilateral statement full text
• Camp David 2000 Summit - Reasons for impasse
• Camp David 2000 Summit - Territory
• Camp David 2000 Summit - Jerusalem and the Temple Mount
• Camp David 2000 Summit - Refugees and the right of return
• Camp David 2000 Summit - Aftermath
• Camp David 2000 Summit - Calls for peace
• Camp David 2000 Summit - Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties

Read more here: » Camp David 2000 Summit: Encyclopedia - Camp David 2000 Summit

After completing his secondary education, Darwish began publishing poetry and articles for newspapers and magazines such as "Al-Itihad" and "Al-Jadid", where he later became the editor. He eventually joined the Communist Party in Israel, and began working as a co-editor of "Alfajr". He was repeatedly arrested since for his writing and political activities, and in 1970 he left for Moscow. Later, he moved to Cairo and Beirut, where he worked in the research and publishing institutes of the PLO. Darwish resi ...

See also:

Mahmoud Darwish, Mahmoud Darwish - Early Life, Mahmoud Darwish - Education, Mahmoud Darwish - Later Life, Mahmoud Darwish - Prizes, Mahmoud Darwish - Writings

Read more here: » Mahmoud Darwish: Encyclopedia II - Mahmoud Darwish - Later Life

The roots of Jewish-Arab animosity go back to Ottoman times, when the Jewish community of Palestine was under the thumb of a few wealthy effendi (landlord) families. These families, most prominently the Husseinis and the Nashashibis, employed criminals to attack Jews who threatened rent prices by living outside the city walls. [citation needed] Later, after the establishment of the British Mandate of Palestine, the influx of Jews increased dramatically, a result of persecution of Jews in Europe, as well as the ...

See also:

Terrorism against Israel, Terrorism against Israel - Early history, Terrorism against Israel - After 1967, Terrorism against Israel - The First Intifada, Terrorism against Israel - The Palestinian Authority, Terrorism against Israel - The al-Aqsa Intifada, Terrorism against Israel - Discussion of terrorism against Israel during the al-Aqsa Intifada

Read more here: » Terrorism against Israel: Encyclopedia II - Terrorism against Israel - Early history

Palestinian National Authority - Violence against civilians. The Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group reports everyday disagreements and clashes between the various political factions, families and cities that a complete picture of Palestinian society is painted. These divisions have during the course of the al Aqsa Intifada also led to an increasingly violent ‘Intrafada’. In the 10 year period from 1993 to ...

See also:

Palestinian National Authority, Palestinian National Authority - Officials, Palestinian National Authority - Political parties and elections, Palestinian National Authority - Politics and Internal structure, Palestinian National Authority - Current events, Palestinian National Authority - Finances, Palestinian National Authority - Use of European Union assistance, Palestinian National Authority - Payments to Palestinian prisoners in Israeli prisons, Palestinian National Authority - Allegations of lawlessness in Palestinian areas, Palestinian National Authority - Violence against civilians, Palestinian National Authority - Violence against officials, Palestinian National Authority - Footnotes

Read more here: » Palestinian National Authority: Encyclopedia II - Palestinian National Authority - Allegations of lawlessness in Palestinian areas

The following organizations, listed in alphabetic order, have taken part in recent elections inside the Palestinian National Authority: Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (Al-Jabhah al-Dimuqratiyah Li-Tahrir Filastin) Fatah or Liberation Movement of Palestine (Harakat al-Tahrâr al-Filistini) Hamas or Islamic Resistance Movement (Harakat al-Muqawamah al-Islamiyah) Palestine Democratic Union (al-Ittihad al-Dimuqrati al-Filastini, FiDA) Palestinian Natio ...

See also:

List of political parties in the Palestinian National Authority, List of political parties in the Palestinian National Authority - The parties

Read more here: » List of political parties in the Palestinian National Authority: Encyclopedia II - List of political parties in the Palestinian National Authority - The parties

Atta was born on September 1, 1968 in Kafr El Sheikh, a city in the Nile Delta in Egypt and also carried a Saudi passport. He grew up in Cairo, Egypt and graduated with a degree in architecture from Cairo University. He was apparently not particularly religious during this period. He then moved to Germany, where he was registered as a student of urban planning at the Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg in Hamburg from 1993 to 1999. There are other reports that Atta attended Valencia School of Medicine in Spain during this period ...

See also:

Mohamed Atta al-Sayed, Mohamed Atta al-Sayed - Early history, Mohamed Atta al-Sayed - Al-Qaeda involvement, Mohamed Atta al-Sayed - In the United States, Mohamed Atta al-Sayed - 2000, Mohamed Atta al-Sayed - 2001, Mohamed Atta al-Sayed - The attacks, Mohamed Atta al-Sayed - Mistaken identity, Mohamed Atta al-Sayed - Timeline in America

Read more here: » Mohamed Atta al-Sayed: Encyclopedia II - Mohamed Atta al-Sayed - Early history

Barghouti was born in Ramallah, and became active in Fatah at the age of 15. Marwan Barghouti should not be confused with Mustafa Barghouti, a distant cousin. By the age of 18 in 1976, Marwan Barghouthi was arrested by Israel for his involvement in a Palestinian uprising, and learned Hebrew during his time in Israeli prisons. After his release, he returned to the West Bank and became president of the student body at Birzeit University, where he received a bachelor's degree in history and political science and a master's degree in international relations. He is married to Fadwa Barghouti. See also:

Marwan Barghouti, Marwan Barghouti - Biography, Marwan Barghouti - First Intifada, Marwan Barghouti - Second Intifada, Marwan Barghouti - Arrest, Marwan Barghouti - Trial, Marwan Barghouti - Candidacy for Palestinian Authority presidency, Marwan Barghouti - Movement to Free Barghouti, Marwan Barghouti - Split from Fatah, Marwan Barghouti - Quote

Read more here: » Marwan Barghouti: Encyclopedia II - Marwan Barghouti - Biography

These are treaties the U.S. made with other international states. This is mostly to distinguish them from the next category. Under the United States Constitution, treaties must be ratified by the two-thirds approval of United States Senate in order to take effect. List of United States treaties - 1776-1799. 1778 - Treaty of Alliance - American Revolutionary War alliance with France 1778 - Treaty of Amity and Commerce - with France 1778 - Act Separate and Secret Between The United St ...

See also:

List of United States treaties, List of United States treaties - Pre-Revolutionary War treaties, List of United States treaties - U.S. international treaties, List of United States treaties - 1776-1799, List of United States treaties - 1800-1849, List of United States treaties - 1850-1899, List of United States treaties - 1900-1949, List of United States treaties - 1950-1999, List of United States treaties - 2000-current, List of United States treaties - Pending, List of United States treaties - U.S. Native American treaties

Read more here: » List of United States treaties: Encyclopedia II - List of United States treaties - U.S. international treaties

The movement, which espoused a Palestinian nationalist ideology in which Palestine would be liberated by the actions of Palestinians, was founded in 1958 or 1959 by members of the Palestinian diaspora - principally professionals working in the Gulf States who had been refugees in Gaza and had gone on to study in Cairo. The most notable of these was Yasser Arafat, who was head of the Palestinian student movement in Cairo from 1952 to 1956. Fatah became the dominant force in Palestinian politics after the 1967 Six-Day War dealt the coup de grà ...

See also:

Fatah, Fatah - Meaning of name, Fatah - History, Fatah - Participation in the peace process and controversies, Fatah - Fatah armed factions

Read more here: » Fatah: Encyclopedia II - Fatah - History

There were in fact three letters, with the main points, below: Israel-Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition - 1: Letter from Yasser Arafat to Prime Minister Rabin. September 9, 1993 Yitzhak Rabin Prime Minister of Israel Mr. Prime Minister, The signing of the Declaration of Principles marks a new era...I would like to confirm the following PLO commitments: The PLO recognizes the right of the State of Israel to exist in peace and securi ...

See also:

Israel-Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition, Israel-Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition - Three letters, Israel-Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition - 1: Letter from Yasser Arafat to Prime Minister Rabin, Israel-Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition - 2: Letter from Chairman Arafat to Norway's Foreign Minister, Israel-Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition - 3: Letter from Prime Minister Rabin to Chairman Yasser Arafat, Israel-Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition - Additional agreements, Israel-Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition - Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties

Read more here: » Israel-Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition: Encyclopedia II - Israel-Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition - Three letters

The most densely populated part of the region is a mountainous spine, running north-south, where the cities of East Jerusalem, Nablus, Ramallah, Bethlehem, and Hebron are located. Jenin, in the extreme north of the West Bank is on the southern edge of the Jezreel Valley, Qalqilyah and Tulkarm are in the low foothills adjacent to the Israeli coastal plain, and Jericho is situated near the Jordan River, just north of the Dead Sea. Ma'ale Adumim (about 6 km east of Jerusalem), Modi'in Illit, Betar Illit and Ariel are the largest Israeli settlements in the territory. See al ...

See also:

West Bank, West Bank - Demographics of the West Bank, West Bank - Cities in the West Bank, West Bank - Origin of the name, West Bank - Political terminology, West Bank - Status, West Bank - History, West Bank - Transport and communication, West Bank - Higher Education

Read more here: » West Bank: Encyclopedia II - West Bank - Cities in the West Bank

The following is a synopsis of the treaty's thirty articles: Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 1: Peace established. Peace is established between the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 2: Mutual recognition. Recognise and respect each other's sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence. The Hashemite Kingdom Of Jordan is in harmony with the State Of Israel. < ...

See also:

Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Background to negotiations, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - The negotiation of the agreement, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - The signing of the agreement, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Trade treaty of 1996, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Main principles in the agreement, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - The treaty, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Preamble of the treaty: Desire for peace, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Articles of the treaty, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 1: Peace established, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 2: Mutual recognition, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 3: Borders, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 4: Security cooperation, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 5: Diplomatic relations, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 6: Water resources, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 7: Economic cooperation, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 8: Refugees, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 9: Holy places, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 10: Culture and science, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 11: Stop propaganda, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 12: Drugs and crime, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 13: Roads, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 14: Freedom of the sea, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 15: Air travel, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 16: Communications, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 17: Tourism, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 18: Environment, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 19: Energy, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 20: Rift Valley, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 21: Health, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 22: Agriculture, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 23: Aqaba-Eilat, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 24: Claims commission, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 25: Obligations, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 26: Legislation, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 27: Ratification, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 28: Interim measures, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 29: Dispute resolution, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Article 30: Registration with UN, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Annexes of the treaty, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Annex 1: Borders, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Annex 2: Water, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Annex 3: Crime and drugs, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Annex 4: Environment, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Annex 5: Interim measures, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Agreed minutes of the treaty, Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties

Read more here: » Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace: Encyclopedia II - Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace - Articles of the treaty

Bi-national claims to the same lands have been made, based on exacerbated political and ethnic distinctions. While a neutral observer may view these distinctions as minor, the conflict is in fact an ethnic one, with claims to sovereignty and divinity embellishing the underlying political and territorial issues. This article discusses both Israeli and Arab claims. Palestinian territories - Israeli claims. Israeli claims to the territories are based primarily on four arguments (though there are others ...

See also:

Palestinian territories, Palestinian territories - Historical status of West Bank and Gaza Strip, Palestinian territories - Terminology, Palestinian territories - Meanings of the term, Palestinian territories - Claims, Palestinian territories - Israeli claims, Palestinian territories - Palestinian claims, Palestinian territories - Points not in dispute, Palestinian territories - Legal Status of the territories

Read more here: » Palestinian territories: Encyclopedia II - Palestinian territories - Claims

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Origins in the ANM. The PFLP grew out of the Harakat al-Qawmiyyin al-Arab, or Arab Nationalist Movement (ANM), founded in 1953 by Dr. George Habash, a Palestinian Christian, from Lydda/Lod in what is now Israel. The family had been forced into exile after the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. The 22-year-old Habash went to Lebanon to study medicine at the American University in Beirut, graduating in 1951. In an interview with American journalist John Cooley, Haba ...

See also:

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - History of the PFLP, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Origins in the ANM, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Formation of the PFLP, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Breakaway organizations, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - PLO membership, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - After the Oslo Accords, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Elections in the PNA, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Successors to George Habash, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Attitude to the peace process, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Membership profile, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Armed attacks of the PFLP, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - Armed attacks before 2000, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - During the Al-Aqsa Intifada

Read more here: » Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine: Encyclopedia II - Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - History of the PFLP

According to the 1947 UN Partition Plan, a large part of Palestine including the areas that came under Jordanian control were to have become an independent Arab state, but neither the Palestinians nor any Arab state accepted the partition. On 10 May, Golda Meir represented the Yishuv in the last of a series of clandestine meetings between the Zionists and Transjordan's King Abdullah that had taken place over the previous two years. Whereas for months there had been a tacit agreement between the Zionists and Transjordan to prevent the establi ...

See also:

Rule of the West Bank and East Jerusalem by Jordan, Rule of the West Bank and East Jerusalem by Jordan - Jordanian conquest of 1948, Rule of the West Bank and East Jerusalem by Jordan - Jordanian rule, Rule of the West Bank and East Jerusalem by Jordan - Six Day War, Rule of the West Bank and East Jerusalem by Jordan - Rapprochement and peace

Read more here: » Rule of the West Bank and East Jerusalem by Jordan: Encyclopedia II - Rule of the West Bank and East Jerusalem by Jordan - Jordanian conquest of 1948

Feiglin is the co-founder (along with Sackett) and president of the Manhigut Yehudit ("Jewish Leadership") faction in the Israeli Likud party. Manhigut Yehudit was started, in Feiglin's words, "to lead the State of Israel through authentic Jewish values". The movement is against religious coercion, but it wants "Jewish identity" to become Israel's culture. Its platform acknowledges that Torah law does not relate to the nuts and bolts of governing a state, bu ...

See also:

Moshe Feiglin, Moshe Feiglin - Manhigut Yehudit, Moshe Feiglin - Feiglin in the Likud, Moshe Feiglin - External link

Read more here: » Moshe Feiglin: Encyclopedia II - Moshe Feiglin - Manhigut Yehudit

The settlements have on several occasions been a source of tension between Israel and the U.S. In 1991 there was a clash between the Bush administration and Israel, where the U.S. delayed a subsidized loan in order to pressure Israel not to proceed with the establishment of settlements for instance in the Jerusalem-Bethlehem corridor. Jimmy Carter has said that the settlements constitute a "major obstacle to peace". The current Bush administration, while generally supportive of Israel, has said that settlements are "unhelpful" to the peace p ...

See also:

Israeli settlement, Israeli settlement - Terminology, Israeli settlement - Historical background, Israeli settlement - Population, Israeli settlement - Communities established on the sites of previous recent Jewish communities, Israeli settlement - Legal status of territories, Israeli settlement - Motivations for settlements, Israeli settlement - Land grab accusations, Israeli settlement - International and legal background, Israeli settlement - Tensions mistrust and accusations, Israeli settlement - Dismantlement of Settlements, Israeli settlement - The Sasson Report

Read more here: » Israeli settlement: Encyclopedia II - Israeli settlement - Tensions mistrust and accusations

While in the United States, Atta was reported as owning a red 1989 Pontiac[9] Mohamed Atta al-Sayed - 2000. In March 2000, while still in Germany, Atta contacted 31 different U.S. flight schools to discuss training to fly planes. Atta traveled to Prague, stayed overnight, and then entered the U.S. on June 3. Atta and earlier arrived hijackers opened bank accounts and continue to check on flight schools. In July, Atta and Marwan al-Shehhi enrolled at Huffman Aviation in Venice, Florida. Atta claimed to be ...

See also:

Mohamed Atta al-Sayed, Mohamed Atta al-Sayed - Early history, Mohamed Atta al-Sayed - Al-Qaeda involvement, Mohamed Atta al-Sayed - In the United States, Mohamed Atta al-Sayed - 2000, Mohamed Atta al-Sayed - 2001, Mohamed Atta al-Sayed - The attacks, Mohamed Atta al-Sayed - Mistaken identity, Mohamed Atta al-Sayed - Timeline of Mohamed Atta in America, Mohamed Atta al-Sayed - Sources

Read more here: » Mohamed Atta al-Sayed: Encyclopedia II - Mohamed Atta al-Sayed - In the United States