Several reaction mechanisms exist for organic reductions: Direct electron transfer in one-electron reduction with the Birch reduction as example Hydride transfer in reductions with for example Lithium aluminium hydride Hydrogen reductions with a catalyst such as the Lindlar catalyst or the Adkins catalyst. Disproportionation reaction such as the Cannizzaro reaction Reductions that do not fit in any reduction reaction mechanism and in which just the change in oxidatio ...

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Organic reduction, Organic reduction - Organic reductions, Organic reduction - Organic oxidations

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The Organ - Full Sketch. Self titled CD which circulated around the local scene 2000-2001, assumably through shows and friends. Picky Cooler Than Clean Steven Smith Soundtrack Sketchersize Ice Fishing The Organ - The Organ 7 Record. Self titled single sold at shows and on the band's website prior to the release of Sinking Hearts, 2002. Probable tracklist : It's Time to Go We've Got to Meet ...

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The Organ, The Organ - Biography, The Organ - Discography, The Organ - Full Sketch, The Organ - The Organ 7 Record, The Organ - Sinking Hearts EP, The Organ - Grab that Gun LP, The Organ - Let the Bells Ring 7 Record, The Organ - Unreleased, The Organ - Sources

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A more detailed article is to be written at styles of pipe organ. During its history, several distinctive styles of pipe organ have been developed and achieved popularity at particular times and places, for example the baroque organ, the English romantic organ, the French classical organ, the symphonic organ and the theatre organ. Even after their period of popularity, instruments of each popular style have continued to be constructed. Each style has its own music (see organ repertoire) which is most authentically ...

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Pipe organ, Pipe organ - Styles of pipe organ, Pipe organ - History, Pipe organ - Predecessors, Pipe organ - True pipe organs, Pipe organ - Recent developments, Pipe organ - Construction, Pipe organ - Pipes, Pipe organ - Console, Pipe organ - Case or chamber, Pipe organ - Organ music, Pipe organ - Notable organ builders, Pipe organ - Some notable pipe organs

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The Organ was conceived in 2000 by frontwoman Katie Sketch, born Katie Richie, in Vancouver, Canada. Sketch's musical training started at the age of three, when she began classical training on the violin. Her childhood was spent largely in ignorance of the underground sounds of The Cure, Joy Division and The Smiths, which The Organ would later be so often (and so inaccurately) compared to. "Tiffany and Bon Jo ...

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The Organ, The Organ - Biography, The Organ - Discography, The Organ - Full Sketch, The Organ - The Organ 7 Record, The Organ - Sinking Hearts EP, The Organ - Grab that Gun LP, The Organ - Let the Bells Ring 7 Record, The Organ - Unreleased, The Organ - Sources

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Modern professional electronic organs have reached a degree of sophistication, complexity, and expense surpassed only by the pipe organ itself. The consoles of some of these instruments, at first glance, may be almost indistinguishable from those of pipe organs (although a closer examination, as well as the obvious absence of pipes, will quickly reveal the difference). Electronic organs are still made for the home market, but they have been largely replaced by the digital keyboard or synthesizer, which is not only smaller and cheaper than ty ...

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Electronic organ, Electronic organ - Early history, Electronic organ - The 1950s and 1960s, Electronic organ - The spinet organ, Electronic organ - The chord organ, Electronic organ - The console organ, Electronic organ - Frequency divider organs, Electronic organ - The modern electronic organ

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See the main article electronic organ for more details and history. Since the 1930s, pipeless electric instruments have been available to produce similar sounds and perform similar roles to pipe organs. Many of these have been bought both by houses of worship and other potential pipe organ customers, and also by many musicians both professional and amateur for whom a pipe organ would not be a possibility. Far smaller and cheaper to buy than a corresponding pipe instrument, and in many cases portable, they have taken organ music into private homes and into dance bands and other new env ...

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Organ music, Organ music - Pipe organs, Organ music - Reed organs, Organ music - Electric and electronic organs, Organ music - Electric organs, Organ music - Frequency divider organs, Organ music - Digital organs, Organ music - Similar instruments

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Because so very many compounds exist, a clear, unambiguous naming system is necessary. Organic nomenclature is the system established for naming and grouping organic compounds. Organic subtances are classified by their molecular structural arrangement, and by what other atoms are present: hydrogen is impicitly assumed. Other atoms such as O, N, or Cl almost always bond in certain relative ways, forming functional groups. In chemistry, structure is quite synonymous with function, and so the structural categories double as categories of proper ...

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Organic chemistry, Organic chemistry - History, Organic chemistry - Characteristics of organic substances, Organic chemistry - Categories of organic substances, Organic chemistry - Polymers, Organic chemistry - Bio-molecules, Organic chemistry - Molecular structure of an organic compound, Organic chemistry - Organic reactions, Organic chemistry - Reference

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Pipe organ - Predecessors. The word organ originates from the Latin word "organum", the earliest predecessor of the instrument used in ancient Roman circus games and similar to a modern portative. Pipe organs date back to classical antiquity. Early organs were often hydraulic; the inventor most often credited is Ctesibius of Alexandria, an engineer of the 3rd century BC, who created an instrument called the hydraulis. The hydraulis was common in the Roman Empire, and was capable of being immensely l ...

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Pipe organ, Pipe organ - Styles of pipe organ, Pipe organ - History, Pipe organ - Predecessors, Pipe organ - True pipe organs, Pipe organ - Recent developments, Pipe organ - Construction, Pipe organ - Pipes, Pipe organ - Console, Pipe organ - Case or chamber, Pipe organ - Organ music, Pipe organ - Notable organ builders, Pipe organ - Some notable pipe organs

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Modern professional electronic organs have reached a degree of sophistication, complexity, and expense surpassed only by the pipe organ itself. The consoles of some of these instruments, at first glance, may be almost indistinguishable from those of pipe organs (although a closer examination, as well as the obvious absence of pipes, will quickly reveal the difference). Electronic organs are still made for the home market, but they have been largely replaced by the digital keyboard or synthesizer, which is not only smaller and cheaper than ty ...

See also:

Electronic organ, Electronic organ - Early history, Electronic organ - The 1950s and 1960s, Electronic organ - The spinet organ, Electronic organ - The chord organ, Electronic organ - The console organ, Electronic organ - The modern electronic organ

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Organic foods, like food in general, can be grouped into two categories, fresh and processed, based on production methods, availability and consumer perception. Fresh food is seasonal and highly perishable. Fresh produce — vegetables and fruits — is the most available type of organic food, and closely associated with organic farming. It is often purchased directly from the growers, at farmers' markets, from on-farm stands, through speciality food stores, and through community-supported agriculture (CSA) projec ...

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Organic food, Organic food - Types of organic food, Organic food - Identifying organic food, Organic food - Legal definition, Organic food - Preservatives, Organic food - Claimed advantages over conventional farming, Organic food - Less toxic, Organic food - Energy and environmental, Organic food - Tastier, Organic food - Nutritional value, Organic food - GMO free, Organic food - Summary, Organic food - Related movements, Organic food - Facts and statistics

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Definitions of organic food vary. Organics can be difficult to explain by empirical measurement. For one thing, the majority of food industry research of the last 100 years has been focused solely on developing chemical agriculture and modern food processing -- almost nothing has been done to formally investigate side effects of conventional agriculture that are not immediately obvious. Also, organics is an "if it ain't broke, don't fix it" proposition, concerned in large part with what NOT to do -- "as much as possible, let Nature do its th ...

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Organic food, Organic food - Types of organic food, Organic food - Identifying organic food, Organic food - Legal definition, Organic food - Preservatives, Organic food - Claimed advantages over conventional farming, Organic food - Less toxic, Organic food - Energy and environmental, Organic food - Tastier, Organic food - Nutritional value, Organic food - GMO free, Organic food - Summary, Organic food - Related movements, Organic food - Facts and statistics

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The main elements of a pipe organ are the pipes, the console, and the blower which supplies the air to operate the instrument. Pipe organ - Pipes. Organ pipes are arranged in ranks. A rank of pipes contains a set of pipes of a similar tone tuned to a chromatic scale. Most pipes are vertical, but a few ranks may consist of horizontal pipes. At the base of the vertical pipes is a wind chest which supplies air to the pipes. The manner in which the air is controlled varies depending on the ...

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Pipe organ, Pipe organ - Styles of pipe organ, Pipe organ - History, Pipe organ - Predecessors, Pipe organ - True pipe organs, Pipe organ - Recent developments, Pipe organ - Construction, Pipe organ - Pipes, Pipe organ - Console, Pipe organ - Case or chamber, Pipe organ - Organ music, Pipe organ - Notable organ builders, Pipe organ - Some notable pipe organs

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Six Organs

The six indriyas, or sense organs: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body and mind.

 (See also: Six Organs, Buddhism, Body Mind and Soul)

Model organism - Viruses. lambda phage Model organism - Prokaryotes. Escherichia coli (E. coli) Bacillus subtilis Mycoplasma genitalium - a minimal organism Vibrio fischeri - quorum sensing, bioluminescence and animal-bacterial symbiosis with Hawaiian bobtail squid Synechocystis, a photosynthetic cyanobacteria widely used in photosynthesis research. Pseudomonas fluorescens, a soil bacterium that r ...

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Model organism, Model organism - Important model organisms, Model organism - Viruses, Model organism - Prokaryotes, Model organism - Unicellular eukaryotes, Model organism - Multicellular eukaryotes, Model organism - Model organisms used for specific research objectives, Model organism - Sexual selection and sexual conflict, Model organism - Hybrid zones

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In pipe organs, each key on a keyboard is connected to each pipe in the ranks or rows of pipes connected to that particular keyboard. When the key is pressed, air is allowed to flow up from the blower. In order to control what pipes will sound, stops were developed for organs. A stop is made up of material that fits underneath the pipes for each row, or rows in mixture stop. When the stop is closed, the air is kept from flowing up into the pipes in that rank. When the stop knob is pulled out, the material slides out from under the pip ...

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Organ stop, Organ stop - Mechanics of the Organ Stops, Organ stop - Common Stop Names

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Model organism - Viruses. lambda phage Model organism - Prokaryotes. Escherichia coli (E. coli) Bacillus subtilis Mycoplasma genitalium - a minimal organism Vibrio fischeri - quorum sensing, bioluminescence and animal-bacterial symbiosis with Hawaiian bobtail squid Synechocystis, a photosynthetic ...

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Model organism, Model organism - Important model organisms, Model organism - Viruses, Model organism - Prokaryotes, Model organism - Unicellular eukaryotes, Model organism - Multicellular eukaryotes

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Organic farming excludes the use of synthetic inputs, such as synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In many countries the use of veterinary drugs is excluded. In a number of countries, including the US, Bulgaria, Iceland, Norway, Romania, Switzerland, Turkey, Australia, India, Japan, the Philippines, Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Argentina, Costa Rica, Tunisia, and in the EU, organic farming is also defined by law, so that the commercial use of the term organic to describe farming and food product ...

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Organic farming, Organic farming - Overview, Organic farming - History, Organic farming - Methods, Organic farming - Organic farming systems, Organic farming - Standards, Organic farming - Productivity, Organic farming - Issues, Organic farming - Pesticides, Organic farming - Genetically modified organisms, Organic farming - The environment, Organic farming - Food contamination, Organic farming - Food quality, Organic farming - Soil conservation, Organic farming - Government subsidies, Organic farming - Rural infrastructure, Organic farming - Sustainability, Organic farming - Certification, Organic farming - The future

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Organic farming is at a crossroads. Despite the growth in the organic food market over the last decade, the future of the small, independent farmer, organic or otherwise, is as much in jeopardy now as it has been in recent decades. The local infrastructure to support small farmers is all but non-existent in most developed nations - the current food distribution system favors high-volume production, and large farming operations. What is commonly known as "organic farming" may chan ...

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Organic farming, Organic farming - Overview, Organic farming - History, Organic farming - Methods, Organic farming - Organic farming systems, Organic farming - Standards, Organic farming - Productivity, Organic farming - Issues, Organic farming - Pesticides, Organic farming - Genetically modified organisms, Organic farming - The environment, Organic farming - Food contamination, Organic farming - Food quality, Organic farming - Soil conservation, Organic farming - Government subsidies, Organic farming - Rural infrastructure, Organic farming - Sustainability, Organic farming - Certification, Organic farming - The future

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The organic movement began as a reaction of insiders (agricultural scientists and farmers) against the industrialization of agriculture. For some time it remained below the awareness of the food buyer. As the contrasts between organics and the new conventional agriculture grew, so to did public awareness of organic farming. This led to a distinct organic market, and, eventually, a grassroots consumer cause. Advances in biochemistry, (nitrogen fertilizer) and engineering (the internal combustion engine) in the early 20th century led to ...

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Organic farming, Organic farming - Overview, Organic farming - History, Organic farming - Methods, Organic farming - Organic farming systems, Organic farming - Standards, Organic farming - Productivity, Organic farming - Issues, Organic farming - Pesticides, Organic farming - Genetically modified organisms, Organic farming - The environment, Organic farming - Food contamination, Organic farming - Food quality, Organic farming - Soil conservation, Organic farming - Government subsidies, Organic farming - Rural infrastructure, Organic farming - Sustainability, Organic farming - Certification, Organic farming - The future

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Increasingly, organic farming is defined by formal standards regulating production methods, and in some cases, final output. Two types of standard exist, voluntary and legislated. As early as the 1970s, private associations created standards, against which organic producers could voluntarily have themselves certified. In the 1980s, governments began to produce organic production guidelines. Beginning in the 1990s, a trend toward legislation of standards began, most notably with the European Union. An international framework for organi ...

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Organic farming, Organic farming - Overview, Organic farming - History, Organic farming - Methods, Organic farming - Organic farming systems, Organic farming - Standards, Organic farming - Productivity, Organic farming - Issues, Organic farming - Pesticides, Organic farming - Genetically modified organisms, Organic farming - The environment, Organic farming - Food contamination, Organic farming - Food quality, Organic farming - Soil conservation, Organic farming - Government subsidies, Organic farming - Rural infrastructure, Organic farming - Sustainability, Organic farming - Certification, Organic farming - The future

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All aspects of organic farming and organic food are under debate. Environmentalists, food safety advocates, various consumer protection, social justice and labor groups, small independent farmers, and a growing number of food consumers are ranged against agribusiness and current government agricultural policies. The controversy centers on the overall value and safety of chemical agriculture, with organic farming popularly regarded as the "opposite" of modern, large-scale, chemical-based, vertically integrated, corporate food production. As public awareness increases, there are a number of obstacles ...

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Organic farming, Organic farming - Overview, Organic farming - History, Organic farming - Methods, Organic farming - Organic farming systems, Organic farming - Standards, Organic farming - Productivity, Organic farming - Issues, Organic farming - Pesticides, Organic farming - Genetically modified organisms, Organic farming - The environment, Organic farming - Food contamination, Organic farming - Food quality, Organic farming - Soil conservation, Organic farming - Government subsidies, Organic farming - Rural infrastructure, Organic farming - Sustainability, Organic farming - Certification, Organic farming - The future

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As in a traditional pipe organ, a theatre organ uses pressurized air to produce musical tones. However, this is where the similarity ends. The five most important things that separate a theatre organ from traditional church organs are unification, the electro-pneumatic action, higher wind pressures, chromatic percussions, and the horseshoe console. Unification gave the theatre organ its unique flexibility. Ranks are extended by adding pipes above and below the original pitch, allowing the organist to play that rank at various p ...

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Theatre organ, Theatre organ - Background, Theatre organ - History, Theatre organ - Technical, Theatre organ - Current Status, Theatre organ - The Theatre Organ's Future

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