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organic reactions | A Wisdom Archive on organic reactions | | organic reactions A selection of articles related to organic reactions | |
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organic reactions
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO organic reactions | | | | |  organic reactions: Encyclopedia II - Ozone - Use in medicineOzone, along with hypochlorite ions, is naturally produced by white blood cells and the roots of marigolds as a means of destroying foreign bodies. When ozone breaks down it gives rise to oxygen free radicals, which are highly reactive and damage or destroy most organic molecules.
Ozone has a number of medical uses. It can be used to affect the body's antioxidant-prooxidant balance, since the body usually reacts to its presence by producing antioxidant enzymes. Many hospitals in the U.S. and around the world use large ozone generators ...
See also:Ozone, Ozone - Ozone layer, Ozone - Discovery of ozone, Ozone - Industrial production, Ozone - Use in industry, Ozone - Use in medicine, Ozone - Air pollution, Ozone - Other uses Read more here: » Ozone: Encyclopedia II - Ozone - Use in medicine |
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| | | | | organic reactions: Encyclopedia II - Ozone - Use in industry Ozone can be used for bleaching substances and for killing bacteria. Many municipal drinking water systems kill bacteria with ozone instead of the more common chlorine. Ozone does not form organochlorine compounds, but it also does not remain in the water after treatment, so some systems introduce a small amount of chlorine to prevent bacterial growth in the pipes, or may use chlorine intermittently, based on results of periodic testing. Where electrical power is abundant, ozone is a cost-effective method of treating water, as it is produced ...
See also:Ozone, Ozone - Ozone layer, Ozone - Discovery of ozone, Ozone - Industrial production, Ozone - Use in industry, Ozone - Use in medicine, Ozone - Air pollution, Ozone - Other uses Read more here: » Ozone: Encyclopedia II - Ozone - Use in industry |
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| | | | | | | organic reactions: Encyclopedia II - Fullerene - Naming The molecule was named for Richard Buckminster Fuller, a noted architect who popularized the geodesic dome. Since buckminsterfullerenes have a similar shape to that sort of dome, the name was thought to be appropriate.
Fullerenes are similar in structure to graphite, which is composed of a sheet of linked hexagonal rings, but they contain pentagonal (or sometimes heptagonal) rings that prevent the sheet from being planar.
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See also:Fullerene, Fullerene - Naming, Fullerene - Buckminsterfullerene, Fullerene - Prediction and discovery, Fullerene - Properties, Fullerene - Possible dangers, Fullerene - Fullerene extract mixture C60/C70 solubility, Fullerene - Diffraction of fullerene, Fullerene - Notes, Fullerene - Mathematics of Fullerenes, Fullerene - Media Read more here: » Fullerene: Encyclopedia II - Fullerene - Naming |
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| | | | | organic reactions: Encyclopedia II - Fullerene - Buckminsterfullerene The smallest fullerene in which no two pentagons share an edge (which is destabilizing — see pentalene) is C60 (buckminsterfullerene), and this is also the most common.
The structure of C60 is that of a truncated icosahedron, which resembles a round soccer ball of the type made of hexagons and pentagons, with a carbon atom at the corners of each hexagon and a bond along each edge. A polymerized single-walled nanotubule (P-SWNT) is a substance composed of polymerized fullerenes in which carbon atoms from on ...
See also:Fullerene, Fullerene - Naming, Fullerene - Buckminsterfullerene, Fullerene - Prediction and discovery, Fullerene - Properties, Fullerene - Possible dangers, Fullerene - Fullerene extract mixture C60/C70 solubility, Fullerene - Diffraction of fullerene, Fullerene - Notes, Fullerene - Mathematics of Fullerenes, Fullerene - Media Read more here: » Fullerene: Encyclopedia II - Fullerene - Buckminsterfullerene |
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| | | | | organic reactions: Encyclopedia II - Chemical reaction - Chemical kinetics See main article: Chemical kinetics.
The rate of a chemical reaction is a measure of how the concentration of the involved substances changes with time. Analysis of reaction rates is important for several applications, such as in chemical engineering or in chemical equilibrium study. Rates of reaction depends basically on:
Reactant concentrations, which usually make the reaction happen at a faster rate if raised,
Surface Area, the amount of the substance being used,
Pressure, By increasing the pre ...
See also:Chemical reaction, Chemical reaction - Reaction types, Chemical reaction - Thermochemistry, Chemical reaction - Chemical equilibrium, Chemical reaction - Exothermic reactions, Chemical reaction - Endothermic reactions, Chemical reaction - Chemical kinetics Read more here: » Chemical reaction: Encyclopedia II - Chemical reaction - Chemical kinetics |
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| | | | | | organic reactions: Encyclopedia II - Fullerene - Possible dangers Although buckyballs have been thought in theory to be relatively inert, a presentation given to the American Chemical Society in March 2004 and described in an article in New Scientist on April 3, 2004, suggests the molecule is injurious to organisms. An experiment by Eva Oberdörster at Southern Methodist University, which introduced fullerenes into water at concentrations of 0.5 parts per million, found that largemouth bass suffered a 17-fold increase in cellular damage in the brain tissue after 48 hours. The damage was of the type lipid p ...
See also:Fullerene, Fullerene - Naming, Fullerene - Buckminsterfullerene, Fullerene - Prediction and discovery, Fullerene - Properties, Fullerene - Possible dangers, Fullerene - Fullerene extract mixture C60/C70 solubility, Fullerene - Diffraction of fullerene, Fullerene - Notes, Fullerene - Mathematics of Fullerenes, Fullerene - Media Read more here: » Fullerene: Encyclopedia II - Fullerene - Possible dangers |
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