Karaite Judaism - Karaites and the Rabbinic Oral law. Karaites do not accept the Rabbinic Oral Law as halakha because: They do not believe that the Oral Law is mentioned in the Tanakh. They believe that all the Torah was written down during the lifetime of Moses and Joshua, and that there is only one Torah. They believe the Oral Law "adds to" or "takes away from" the plain meaning of the text. They believe it to contradict the text at times. Th ...

See also:

Karaite Judaism, Karaite Judaism - Karaite beliefs, Karaite Judaism - Karaites and the Rabbinic Oral law, Karaite Judaism - Rabbinic opinions, Karaite Judaism - The Calendar, Karaite Judaism - The Sabbath, Karaite Judaism - Tzitzit, Karaite Judaism - Tefillin, Karaite Judaism - Mezuzot, Karaite Judaism - History of Karaism, Karaite Judaism - The Golden Age of Karaism, Karaite Judaism - Russian Karaites, Karaite Judaism - Crimean and Lithuanian Karaites, Karaite Judaism - Spanish Karaites, Karaite Judaism - The Karaites today, Karaite Judaism - Karaite writings

Read more here: » Karaite Judaism: Encyclopedia II - Karaite Judaism - Karaite beliefs

In early March of 2000, the Schindlers filed a motion to permit oral feeding of Schiavo, which is not considered a life-prolonging procedure under Florida law. Since clinical records indicated that Schiavo was not responsive to swallowing tests and required a feeding tube,[18] Judge Greer ruled that Schiavo was not capable of orally ingesting sufficient nutrition and hydration to sustain life, and denied the request.^{See also:}

Terri Schiavo, Terri Schiavo - Early life, Terri Schiavo - Initial medical crisis, Terri Schiavo - Rehabilitation efforts and the malpractice suit, Terri Schiavo - Do-not-resuscitate order, Terri Schiavo - Petition to remove feeding tube, Terri Schiavo - Schiavo's end-of-life wishes – Schiavo I, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding and the Second Guardianship Challenge, Terri Schiavo - Three appeals – Schiavo II, Terri Schiavo - Challenging the PVS diagnosis – Schiavo III, Terri Schiavo - PVS diagnosis ruling – Schiavo IV, Terri Schiavo - 2003 petition, Terri Schiavo - Terri's Law and the Wolfson Report, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding II, Terri Schiavo - Government involvement, Terri Schiavo - Palm Sunday Compromise, Terri Schiavo - Last Rites, Terri Schiavo - Autopsy, Terri Schiavo - Memorial, Terri Schiavo - Disputed opinions, Terri Schiavo - Public opinion and activism, Terri Schiavo - Notes and references

Read more here: » Terri Schiavo: Encyclopedia II - Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding and the Second Guardianship Challenge

The Aggadah has been preserved in a series of different works, which, like all works of traditional literature, have come to their present form through previous collections and revisions. Their original forms existed long before they were reduced to writing. The first traces of the midrashic exegesis are found in the Bible itself; while in the time of the Soferim the development of the Midrash Haggadah received a mighty impetus, and the foundations were laid for public services which were soon to offer t ...

See also:

Aggadah, Aggadah - As part of the Jewish oral law, Aggadah - Literal-allegorical teachings, Aggadah - Interpretation of the Aggadah, Aggadah - In the Talmud and Midrash, Aggadah - Development of the Aggadah, Aggadah - Exegetic and Homiletic Aggadah, Aggadah - Aggadah compilations

Read more here: » Aggadah: Encyclopedia II - Aggadah - Development of the Aggadah

In March of 2000, the Schindlers filed a motion to permit oral feeding of Schiavo, which is not considered a life-prolonging procedure under Florida law. Since clinical records indicated that Schiavo was not responsive to swallowing tests and required a feeding tube,[18] Judge Greer ruled that Schiavo was not capable of orally ingesting sufficient nutrition and hydration to sustain life, and denied the request.^{See also:}

Terri Schiavo, Terri Schiavo - Early life, Terri Schiavo - Initial medical crisis, Terri Schiavo - Rehabilitation efforts and the malpractice suit, Terri Schiavo - Do-not-resuscitate order, Terri Schiavo - Petition to remove feeding tube, Terri Schiavo - Schiavo's end-of-life wishes – Schiavo I, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding and the Second Guardianship Challenge, Terri Schiavo - Three appeals – Schiavo II, Terri Schiavo - Challenging the PVS diagnosis – Schiavo III, Terri Schiavo - PVS diagnosis ruling – Schiavo IV, Terri Schiavo - 2003 petition, Terri Schiavo - Terri's Law and the Wolfson Report, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding II, Terri Schiavo - Government involvement, Terri Schiavo - Palm Sunday Compromise, Terri Schiavo - Last Rites, Terri Schiavo - Autopsy, Terri Schiavo - Memorial, Terri Schiavo - Disputed opinions, Terri Schiavo - Public opinion and activism, Terri Schiavo - Notes and references, Terri Schiavo - Books

Read more here: » Terri Schiavo: Encyclopedia II - Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding and the Second Guardianship Challenge

The five books contain both a complete and ordered system of laws, particularly the 613 mitzvot (613 distinct "commandments", individually called a mitzvah), as well as a historical description of the beginnings of what came to be known as Judaism. The five books (particularly Genesis, the first part of Exodus, and much of Numbers) are, primarily, a collection of seemingly historical narratives rather than a continuous list of laws; moreover, many of the most important concepts and ideas from the Torah are found in these stories. The ...

See also:

Torah, Torah - Structure, Torah - Production and usage of a Torah scroll, Torah - The Torah as the core of Judaism, Torah - The Torah and the oral law, Torah - Other views of the Torah

Read more here: » Torah: Encyclopedia II - Torah - Structure

A Torah can be written for ritual purposes (i.e. religious services) on a scroll, called a Sefer Torah ("Book [of] Torah"). These are written using a painstakingly careful methodology by highly qualified scribes, and copies of the text that are centuries or millennia old have come down to us with almost unchanged wording as a result of this system. The reason for such care is it is believed that every word, or marking, has divine meaning, and that not one part may be inadvertantly changed lest it lead to error. The text of the Torah c ...

See also:

Torah, Torah - Structure, Torah - Production and usage of a Torah scroll, Torah - The Torah as the core of Judaism, Torah - The Torah and the oral law, Torah - Other views of the Torah

Read more here: » Torah: Encyclopedia II - Torah - Production and usage of a Torah scroll

The Torah is the primary document of Judaism, and is the source of all Biblical commandments, in an ethical framework. According to Jewish tradition, these books were revealed to Moses by God; some of it is said to have been revealed at Mount Sinai in 1280 BC. Classical rabbinic writings offer various ideas on when the entire Torah was revealed. Some sources state that the entire Torah was given all at once on Mount Sinai. In the maximalist view, this dictation included not only the "quotes" which appear in the text, but every word of ...

See also:

Torah, Torah - Structure, Torah - Production and usage of a Torah scroll, Torah - The Torah as the core of Judaism, Torah - The Torah and the oral law, Torah - Other views of the Torah

Read more here: » Torah: Encyclopedia II - Torah - The Torah as the core of Judaism

Rabbinic literature - Jewish law. Halakha is the Jewish way of life. Notable works in this category include: The major codes of Jewish law (See the Halakha article) The Mishneh Torah and its commentaries. The Arba'ah Turim and its commentaries. The Shulhan Arukh and its commentaries. The Responsa literature Rabbinic literature - Jewish thought and ethics. Jewish philosophy Kabbalah Aggada The works of Hasidi ...

See also:

Rabbinic literature, Rabbinic literature - The oral law, Rabbinic literature - The Midrash, Rabbinic literature - Later works by category, Rabbinic literature - Jewish law, Rabbinic literature - Jewish thought and ethics, Rabbinic literature - Liturgy, Rabbinic literature - Later works by historical period, Rabbinic literature - Works of the Geonim, Rabbinic literature - Works of the Rishonim the early rabbinical commentators, Rabbinic literature - Works of the Acharonim the later rabbinical commentators, Rabbinic literature - Meforshim, Rabbinic literature - Bibliography

Read more here: » Rabbinic literature: Encyclopedia II - Rabbinic literature - Later works by category

On October 15, 2003, Schiavo's feeding tube was removed. Six days later, following the passing of "Terri's Law", Florida Governor Jeb Bush sent the Florida Department of Law Enforcement to remove Schiavo from the hospice. She was taken to a hospital, where her feeding tube was surgically reinserted. (8th paragraph from the bottom of news story) [30] Part of the legislation required the appointment of a guardian ad litem, Dr. Jay Wolfson, to "deduce and represent the best wish ...

See also:

Terri Schiavo, Terri Schiavo - Early life, Terri Schiavo - Initial medical crisis, Terri Schiavo - Rehabilitation efforts and the malpractice suit, Terri Schiavo - Do-not-resuscitate order, Terri Schiavo - Petition to remove feeding tube, Terri Schiavo - Schiavo's end-of-life wishes – Schiavo I, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding and the Second Guardianship Challenge, Terri Schiavo - Three appeals – Schiavo II, Terri Schiavo - Challenging the PVS diagnosis – Schiavo III, Terri Schiavo - PVS diagnosis ruling – Schiavo IV, Terri Schiavo - 2003 petition, Terri Schiavo - Terri's Law and the Wolfson Report, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding II, Terri Schiavo - Government involvement, Terri Schiavo - Palm Sunday Compromise, Terri Schiavo - Last Rites, Terri Schiavo - Autopsy, Terri Schiavo - Memorial, Terri Schiavo - Disputed opinions, Terri Schiavo - Public opinion and activism, Terri Schiavo - Notes and references

Read more here: » Terri Schiavo: Encyclopedia II - Terri Schiavo - Terri's Law and the Wolfson Report

Both the state government of Florida and the U.S. Congress made use of extraordinary measures to support the Schindlers. Earlier, in October of 2003, when the Schindlers' final appeal was exhausted, the Florida Legislature passed "Terri's Law,"[40] giving Governor Jeb Bush the authority to intervene in the case. Bush immediately ordered the feeding tube reinserted. Michael Schiavo opposed the Governor's intervention, and was represented, in part, by th ...

See also:

Terri Schiavo, Terri Schiavo - Early life, Terri Schiavo - Initial medical crisis, Terri Schiavo - Rehabilitation efforts and the malpractice suit, Terri Schiavo - Do-not-resuscitate order, Terri Schiavo - Petition to remove feeding tube, Terri Schiavo - Schiavo's end-of-life wishes – Schiavo I, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding and the Second Guardianship Challenge, Terri Schiavo - Three appeals – Schiavo II, Terri Schiavo - Challenging the PVS diagnosis – Schiavo III, Terri Schiavo - PVS diagnosis ruling – Schiavo IV, Terri Schiavo - 2003 petition, Terri Schiavo - Terri's Law and the Wolfson Report, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding II, Terri Schiavo - Government involvement, Terri Schiavo - Palm Sunday Compromise, Terri Schiavo - Last Rites, Terri Schiavo - Autopsy, Terri Schiavo - Memorial, Terri Schiavo - Disputed opinions, Terri Schiavo - Public opinion and activism, Terri Schiavo - Notes and references

Read more here: » Terri Schiavo: Encyclopedia II - Terri Schiavo - Government involvement

Rabbinic literature - Works of the Geonim. The Geonim are the rabbis of Sura and Pumbeditha, in Babylon (650 - 1250) : She'iltoth of Acha'i [Gaon] Halachoth Gedoloth Emunoth ve-Deoth (Saadia Gaon) The Siddur by Amram Gaon Responsa Rabbinic literature - Works of the Rishonim the early rabbinical commentators. The Rishonim are the rabbis of the early medieval period (1250 - 1550) < ...

See also:

Rabbinic literature, Rabbinic literature - The oral law, Rabbinic literature - The Midrash, Rabbinic literature - Later works by category, Rabbinic literature - Jewish law, Rabbinic literature - Jewish thought and ethics, Rabbinic literature - Liturgy, Rabbinic literature - Later works by historical period, Rabbinic literature - Works of the Geonim, Rabbinic literature - Works of the Rishonim the early rabbinical commentators, Rabbinic literature - Works of the Acharonim the later rabbinical commentators, Rabbinic literature - Meforshim, Rabbinic literature - Bibliography

Read more here: » Rabbinic literature: Encyclopedia II - Rabbinic literature - Later works by historical period

Meforshim is a Hebrew word meaning "(classical rabbinical) commentators" (or roughly meaning "exegetes"), and is used as a substitute for the correct word perushim which means "commentaries". In Judaism this term refers to commentaries by the commentators on the Torah (five books of Moses), Tanakh, the Mishnah, the Talmud, responsa, even the siddur (Jewish prayerbook), and more. Classic Torah and/or Talmud commentaries have been written by: Geonim Saadia Gaon, 10th century Babylon < ...

See also:

Rabbinic literature, Rabbinic literature - The oral law, Rabbinic literature - The Midrash, Rabbinic literature - Later works by category, Rabbinic literature - Jewish law, Rabbinic literature - Jewish thought and ethics, Rabbinic literature - Liturgy, Rabbinic literature - Later works by historical period, Rabbinic literature - Works of the Geonim, Rabbinic literature - Works of the Rishonim the early rabbinical commentators, Rabbinic literature - Works of the Acharonim the later rabbinical commentators, Rabbinic literature - Meforshim, Rabbinic literature - Bibliography

Read more here: » Rabbinic literature: Encyclopedia II - Rabbinic literature - Meforshim

On March 26, 2005, Bob and Mary Schindler announced that their legal options had been exhausted. The next day, Schiavo was given the Anointing of the Sick ("Last Rites"). In accordance with the Catholic ritual of Viaticum, she received the Eucharist for the last time; it had been administered to her once through her feeding tube just before it was removed. The Eucharist, according to the teaching of the Catholic Church, can be received under the consecrated species of bread (referred to as the host) or wine. As her tongue was too dry to receive a small piece of the host, she received under the species o ...

See also:

Terri Schiavo, Terri Schiavo - Early life, Terri Schiavo - Initial medical crisis, Terri Schiavo - Rehabilitation efforts and the malpractice suit, Terri Schiavo - Do-not-resuscitate order, Terri Schiavo - Petition to remove feeding tube, Terri Schiavo - Schiavo's end-of-life wishes – Schiavo I, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding and the Second Guardianship Challenge, Terri Schiavo - Three appeals – Schiavo II, Terri Schiavo - Challenging the PVS diagnosis – Schiavo III, Terri Schiavo - PVS diagnosis ruling – Schiavo IV, Terri Schiavo - 2003 petition, Terri Schiavo - Terri's Law and the Wolfson Report, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding II, Terri Schiavo - Government involvement, Terri Schiavo - Palm Sunday Compromise, Terri Schiavo - Last Rites, Terri Schiavo - Autopsy, Terri Schiavo - Memorial, Terri Schiavo - Disputed opinions, Terri Schiavo - Public opinion and activism, Terri Schiavo - Notes and references

Read more here: » Terri Schiavo: Encyclopedia II - Terri Schiavo - Last Rites

After her death, Schiavo's body was taken to the office of the medical examiner for Pinellas and Pasco counties. The autopsy, led by Dr. Jon Thogmartin, occurred on April 1, 2005. Thogmartin also arranged for specialized cardiac and genetic examinations to be made. The official autopsy report[59] was released on June 15, 2005. Examination of Schiavo’s nervous system revealed extensive injury. The brain itself weighed 615 g, only half the weight expected for ...

See also:

Terri Schiavo, Terri Schiavo - Early life, Terri Schiavo - Initial medical crisis, Terri Schiavo - Rehabilitation efforts and the malpractice suit, Terri Schiavo - Do-not-resuscitate order, Terri Schiavo - Petition to remove feeding tube, Terri Schiavo - Schiavo's end-of-life wishes – Schiavo I, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding and the Second Guardianship Challenge, Terri Schiavo - Three appeals – Schiavo II, Terri Schiavo - Challenging the PVS diagnosis – Schiavo III, Terri Schiavo - PVS diagnosis ruling – Schiavo IV, Terri Schiavo - 2003 petition, Terri Schiavo - Terri's Law and the Wolfson Report, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding II, Terri Schiavo - Government involvement, Terri Schiavo - Palm Sunday Compromise, Terri Schiavo - Last Rites, Terri Schiavo - Autopsy, Terri Schiavo - Memorial, Terri Schiavo - Disputed opinions, Terri Schiavo - Public opinion and activism, Terri Schiavo - Notes and references

Read more here: » Terri Schiavo: Encyclopedia II - Terri Schiavo - Autopsy

On the morning of February 25, 1990, at approximately 5:30 a.m. EST, Schiavo experienced cardiac arrest and collapsed in the hallway of their St. Petersburg apartment. Firefighters and paramedics arriving in response to Michael's 9-1-1 call found her face down and unconscious in the hallway outside her bathroom. She was not breathing and had no pulse. Attempts were made to resuscitate Schiavo, and she was defibrillated several times while she was transported to the Humana Northside Hospital. There, in order to keep her alive, she was intubat ...

See also:

Terri Schiavo, Terri Schiavo - Early life, Terri Schiavo - Initial medical crisis, Terri Schiavo - Rehabilitation efforts and the malpractice suit, Terri Schiavo - Do-not-resuscitate order, Terri Schiavo - Petition to remove feeding tube, Terri Schiavo - Schiavo's end-of-life wishes – Schiavo I, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding and the Second Guardianship Challenge, Terri Schiavo - Three appeals – Schiavo II, Terri Schiavo - Challenging the PVS diagnosis – Schiavo III, Terri Schiavo - PVS diagnosis ruling – Schiavo IV, Terri Schiavo - 2003 petition, Terri Schiavo - Terri's Law and the Wolfson Report, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding II, Terri Schiavo - Government involvement, Terri Schiavo - Palm Sunday Compromise, Terri Schiavo - Last Rites, Terri Schiavo - Autopsy, Terri Schiavo - Memorial, Terri Schiavo - Disputed opinions, Terri Schiavo - Public opinion and activism, Terri Schiavo - Notes and references

Read more here: » Terri Schiavo: Encyclopedia II - Terri Schiavo - Initial medical crisis

Schiavo came home to her family in September; however, after becoming overwhelmed with her needs, the family sent her back to the College Park facility. In November, Michael took her to the University of California, San Francisco for an experimental procedure involving the placement of a thalamic stimulator implant in her brain. The experimental treatment took several months but was unsuccessful. Michael returned to Florida with her in January 1991 and admitted her to the Mediplex Rehabilitation Center (specializing in brain injuries) in Bra ...

See also:

Terri Schiavo, Terri Schiavo - Early life, Terri Schiavo - Initial medical crisis, Terri Schiavo - Rehabilitation efforts and the malpractice suit, Terri Schiavo - Do-not-resuscitate order, Terri Schiavo - Petition to remove feeding tube, Terri Schiavo - Schiavo's end-of-life wishes – Schiavo I, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding and the Second Guardianship Challenge, Terri Schiavo - Three appeals – Schiavo II, Terri Schiavo - Challenging the PVS diagnosis – Schiavo III, Terri Schiavo - PVS diagnosis ruling – Schiavo IV, Terri Schiavo - 2003 petition, Terri Schiavo - Terri's Law and the Wolfson Report, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding II, Terri Schiavo - Government involvement, Terri Schiavo - Palm Sunday Compromise, Terri Schiavo - Last Rites, Terri Schiavo - Autopsy, Terri Schiavo - Memorial, Terri Schiavo - Disputed opinions, Terri Schiavo - Public opinion and activism, Terri Schiavo - Notes and references

Read more here: » Terri Schiavo: Encyclopedia II - Terri Schiavo - Rehabilitation efforts and the malpractice suit

After the failure of challenges to Michael's guardianship and to the ruling on Schiavo's end-of-life wishes, the Schindlers adopted the position that Schiavo was not in a PVS and began to challenge that diagnosis in court. Schiavo's parents claim that their daughter did not meet the definition of a persistent vegetative state, and was in a "minimally conscious state" instead. Her parents argued that at times her actions were indicative of responses to external stimuli, not reflex or instinctive behavior. For example, the Schindlers claimed t ...

See also:

Terri Schiavo, Terri Schiavo - Early life, Terri Schiavo - Initial medical crisis, Terri Schiavo - Rehabilitation efforts and the malpractice suit, Terri Schiavo - Do-not-resuscitate order, Terri Schiavo - Petition to remove feeding tube, Terri Schiavo - Schiavo's end-of-life wishes – Schiavo I, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding and the Second Guardianship Challenge, Terri Schiavo - Three appeals – Schiavo II, Terri Schiavo - Challenging the PVS diagnosis – Schiavo III, Terri Schiavo - PVS diagnosis ruling – Schiavo IV, Terri Schiavo - 2003 petition, Terri Schiavo - Terri's Law and the Wolfson Report, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding II, Terri Schiavo - Government involvement, Terri Schiavo - Palm Sunday Compromise, Terri Schiavo - Last Rites, Terri Schiavo - Autopsy, Terri Schiavo - Memorial, Terri Schiavo - Disputed opinions, Terri Schiavo - Public opinion and activism, Terri Schiavo - Notes and references

Read more here: » Terri Schiavo: Encyclopedia II - Terri Schiavo - Challenging the PVS diagnosis – Schiavo III

In October 2002, on remand by the Second District Court of Appeal, an evidentiary hearing was held in Judge Greer's court to determine whether new therapy treatments could help Schiavo restore any cognitive function. In preparation for the trial, a new computed axial tomography scan (CAT scan) was performed, which showed severe cerebral atrophy. An EEG showed no measurable brain activity. The court viewed a six-hour tape of Schiavo and concluded ...

See also:

Terri Schiavo, Terri Schiavo - Early life, Terri Schiavo - Initial medical crisis, Terri Schiavo - Rehabilitation efforts and the malpractice suit, Terri Schiavo - Do-not-resuscitate order, Terri Schiavo - Petition to remove feeding tube, Terri Schiavo - Schiavo's end-of-life wishes – Schiavo I, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding and the Second Guardianship Challenge, Terri Schiavo - Three appeals – Schiavo II, Terri Schiavo - Challenging the PVS diagnosis – Schiavo III, Terri Schiavo - PVS diagnosis ruling – Schiavo IV, Terri Schiavo - 2003 petition, Terri Schiavo - Terri's Law and the Wolfson Report, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding II, Terri Schiavo - Government involvement, Terri Schiavo - Palm Sunday Compromise, Terri Schiavo - Last Rites, Terri Schiavo - Autopsy, Terri Schiavo - Memorial, Terri Schiavo - Disputed opinions, Terri Schiavo - Public opinion and activism, Terri Schiavo - Notes and references

Read more here: » Terri Schiavo: Encyclopedia II - Terri Schiavo - PVS diagnosis ruling – Schiavo IV

On September 11, 2003, the Schindlers petitioned the court to forestall removal of the feeding tube to provide for "eight weeks' therapy." Accompanying the petition were four affidavits from members of the Schindler family and one from Dr. Alexander T. Gimon. At the hearing the Schindlers' counsel read into the record additional affidavits from three speech professionals and two nurses. One of the nurses, Carla Sauer Iyer claimed in her affidavit that her initial training in 1996 consisted solely of the instruction, "do what Michael S ...

See also:

Terri Schiavo, Terri Schiavo - Early life, Terri Schiavo - Initial medical crisis, Terri Schiavo - Rehabilitation efforts and the malpractice suit, Terri Schiavo - Do-not-resuscitate order, Terri Schiavo - Petition to remove feeding tube, Terri Schiavo - Schiavo's end-of-life wishes – Schiavo I, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding and the Second Guardianship Challenge, Terri Schiavo - Three appeals – Schiavo II, Terri Schiavo - Challenging the PVS diagnosis – Schiavo III, Terri Schiavo - PVS diagnosis ruling – Schiavo IV, Terri Schiavo - 2003 petition, Terri Schiavo - Terri's Law and the Wolfson Report, Terri Schiavo - Oral feeding II, Terri Schiavo - Government involvement, Terri Schiavo - Palm Sunday Compromise, Terri Schiavo - Last Rites, Terri Schiavo - Autopsy, Terri Schiavo - Memorial, Terri Schiavo - Disputed opinions, Terri Schiavo - Public opinion and activism, Terri Schiavo - Notes and references

Read more here: » Terri Schiavo: Encyclopedia II - Terri Schiavo - 2003 petition

Reform Judaism - Origins. In response to Haskalah and Jewish emancipation, elements within German Jewry sought to reform Jewish belief and practice. In light of modern scholarship, they denied divine authorship of the Torah, declared only those biblical laws that are easily understood to be binding, and stated that the rest of Halakhah (Jewish law) need no longer be viewed as normative. Circumcision was abandoned, rabbis wore vestments modeled after Protestant ministers, and instrumental accompaniment --- banned ...

See also:

Reform Judaism, Reform Judaism - 19th Century German Reform Judaism, Reform Judaism - Origins, Reform Judaism - View of Jewish Nationhood, Reform Judaism - Changes in prayer services, Reform Judaism - View of Zionism, Reform Judaism - Teachings on the Oral Law, Reform Judaism - National and universal elements, Reform Judaism - Development of American Reform Judaism, Reform Judaism - Pittsburgh Platform 1885, Reform Judaism - Reform Jewish theology today, Reform Judaism - Reform Judaism's position on Jewish law today, Reform Judaism - Jewish identity and inter-religious marriages, Reform Judaism - Union for Reform Judaism, Reform Judaism - Timeline of Reform Judaism in the United States, Reform Judaism - Reform Judaism in Britain, Reform Judaism - History, Reform Judaism - Reform Judaism in the UK today, Reform Judaism - Liberal Judaism, Reform Judaism - Reform and Progressive Rabbis in Britain, Reform Judaism - Progressive Judaism in Israel, Reform Judaism - History, Reform Judaism - National Bodies, Reform Judaism - Reference

Read more here: » Reform Judaism: Encyclopedia II - Reform Judaism - 19th Century German Reform Judaism

Arrested in Germany, the Reform movement was carried forward in the United States. The German immigrants from 1840 to 1850 happened to be to a certain extent composed of pupils of Leopold Stein and Joseph Aub. These were among the first in New York (Temple Emanu-El), in Baltimore (Har Sinai), and in Cincinnati (B'ne Yeshurun) to insist upon the change of the services. The coming of David Einhorn, Samuel Adler, and, later, the philosopher Samuel Hirsch gave to the Reform cause additional impetus, while even men of more conservative temperamen ...

See also:

Reform Judaism, Reform Judaism - 19th Century German Reform Judaism, Reform Judaism - Origins, Reform Judaism - View of Jewish Nationhood, Reform Judaism - Changes in prayer services, Reform Judaism - View of Zionism, Reform Judaism - Teachings on the Oral Law, Reform Judaism - National and universal elements, Reform Judaism - Development of American Reform Judaism, Reform Judaism - Pittsburgh Platform 1885, Reform Judaism - Reform Jewish theology today, Reform Judaism - Reform Judaism's position on Jewish law today, Reform Judaism - Jewish identity and inter-religious marriages, Reform Judaism - Union for Reform Judaism, Reform Judaism - Timeline of Reform Judaism in the United States, Reform Judaism - Reform Judaism in Britain, Reform Judaism - History, Reform Judaism - Reform Judaism in the UK today, Reform Judaism - Liberal Judaism, Reform Judaism - Reform and Progressive Rabbis in Britain, Reform Judaism - Progressive Judaism in Israel, Reform Judaism - History, Reform Judaism - National Bodies, Reform Judaism - Reference

Read more here: » Reform Judaism: Encyclopedia II - Reform Judaism - Development of American Reform Judaism