At a meeting with General Montgomery on July 10th, the Second Army commander, General Miles Dempsey proposed the Goodwood plan. This was the same day Montgomery approved Operation Cobra. Goodwood's starting point was the inescapable fact that the British Army was incapable of replacing its high Infantry losses at the rate they were taking casualties in Normandy. On the other hand, the Second Army had three armored divisions ashore (the 7th Armoured Division, Guards Armoured Division, and 11th Armoured Division with a surplus of tanks. ...

See also:

Operation Goodwood, Operation Goodwood - Background, Operation Goodwood - Planning, Operation Goodwood - Execution, Operation Goodwood - Effects

Read more here: » Operation Goodwood: Encyclopedia II - Operation Goodwood - Planning

The Battle of Normandy was fought in 1944 between the German forces occupying Western Europe and the invading Allied forces as part of the larger conflict of World War II. Sixty years later, the Normandy invasion, codenamed Operation OVERLORD, remains the largest seaborne invasion in history, involving almost three million troops crossing the English Channel from England to Normandy in then German-occupied France. The main Allied forces came from the United States, United Kingdom and Canada, but a total of twelve nations contributed units, the rest being Australia, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, France, ...

Including:

• Battle of Normandy - Prelude
• Battle of Normandy - Allied preparations
• Battle of Normandy - German preparations
• Battle of Normandy - The Allied invasion plan
• Battle of Normandy - German defenses
• Battle of Normandy - The landings
• Battle of Normandy - The French Resistance
• Battle of Normandy - Airborne landings
• Battle of Normandy - Sword Beach
• Battle of Normandy - Juno Beach
• Battle of Normandy - Gold Beach
• Battle of Normandy - Omaha Beach
• Battle of Normandy - Pointe du Hoc
• Battle of Normandy - Utah Beach
• Battle of Normandy - After the landings
• Battle of Normandy - Chronology
• Battle of Normandy - Political considerations
• Battle of Normandy - Aftermath and strategic appraisal
• Battle of Normandy - Notes
• Battle of Normandy - Documentaries
• Battle of Normandy - Dramatizations
• Battle of Normandy - Sources
• Battle of Normandy - Bibliography

Read more here: » Battle of Normandy: Encyclopedia - Battle of Normandy

The Atlantic Wall (Gr Atlantikwall) was an extensive system of coastal fortifications built by the German Third Reich during the Second World War along the western coast of Europe (1942-44) in order to defend against an anticipated Anglo-American invasion of the continent from Great Britain. Fritz Todt, who had designed the Siegfried Line (Westwall) along the Franco-German border, was the chief engineer employed in the design and construction of the wall's major fortifications. Thousands of forced laborers were impressed to construct these permanent fortifications along the B ...

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Field Marshal The Right Honourable Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, KG, GCB, DSO (17 November 1887–24 March 1976) was a British Army officer, most noted for his involvement in World War II and often referred to as "Monty". Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein - Early life and World War I service. Montgomery was born in London in 1887. After graduating from St Paul's School and the Royal Military College Sandhurst, he joined the 1st Battalion, The Royal Warwi ...

Including:

• Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein - Early life and World War I service
• Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein - World War II
• Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein - North Africa and Italy
• Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein - Normandy
• Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein - Removal as Ground Forces Commander
• Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein - Later life and controversy
• Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein - Quotations

Read more here: » Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein: Encyclopedia - Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein

With Allied troops having made slow progress in Normandy through most of June and July, the US 12th Army Group under General Omar Bradley started to make rapid progress at the beginning of August, thanks to the success of Operation Cobra. By August 4 the German front facing the 12th Army Group had largely collapsed. A small but fierce German counter-offensive (Operation Lüttich) was launched on August 7 at Mortain. This was a feeble attempt at halting the Allied breakthrough by cutting off Patton's Third Army forces. With the aid of ...

See also:

Falaise pocket, Falaise pocket - Prelude, Falaise pocket - South, Falaise pocket - North, Falaise pocket - Inside the pocket, Falaise pocket - The aftermath, Falaise pocket - External link

Read more here: » Falaise pocket: Encyclopedia II - Falaise pocket - Prelude

Operation Tonga - Operation Coup-de-Main. The initial assault was carried out by 181 soldiers -- four platoons of D and two of B Companies, 2nd Ox & Bucks -- in six Horsa gliders, led by Major John Howard. The operation is frequently referred to as Operation Coup de Main, although since coup-de-main is a term frequently used for a swift pre-emptive strike it is not clear if ...

See also:

Operation Tonga, Operation Tonga - The Plan, Operation Tonga - The Battle, Operation Tonga - Operation Coup-de-Main, Operation Tonga - Reinforcing the Bridges, Operation Tonga - The Merville Battery, Operation Tonga - The River Dives Bridges, Operation Tonga - Defensive Positions, Operation Tonga - Aftermath

Read more here: » Operation Tonga: Encyclopedia II - Operation Tonga - The Battle

The 9. SS-Panzer-Division Hohenstaufen was formed, along with its sister formation 10. SS-Panzer-Division Frundsberg, in France in February 1943. The division was mainly formed from RAD conscripts. Originally, Hohenstaufen was designated as a Panzergrenadier division, but in October 1943 it was promoted to full Panzer Division status. At its formation, Hohenstaufen was commanded by SS-Obergruppenführer Willi Bittrich. The title Hohenstaufen came from the Hohenstaufen dynasty, a Germanic noble family who pr ...

See also:

9th SS Panzer Division Hohenstaufen, 9th SS Panzer Division Hohenstaufen - Formation / Eastern Front, 9th SS Panzer Division Hohenstaufen - Western Front - Normandy, 9th SS Panzer Division Hohenstaufen - Arnhem, 9th SS Panzer Division Hohenstaufen - Refitting and the Ardennes Offensive, 9th SS Panzer Division Hohenstaufen - Hungary - Operation Frühlingserwachen, 9th SS Panzer Division Hohenstaufen - Commanders, 9th SS Panzer Division Hohenstaufen - Order of Battle

Read more here: » 9th SS Panzer Division Hohenstaufen: Encyclopedia II - 9th SS Panzer Division Hohenstaufen - Formation / Eastern Front

An important part of Neptune was the isolation of the invasion routes and beaches from any intervention by the German Navy - the Kriegsmarine. The responsibility for this was assigned to the Royal Navy's Home Fleet. There were two principle perceived German naval threats. The first was surface attack by German capital ships from anchorages in Scandinavia and the Baltic. This didn't materialise since, by mid-1944, the battleships were damaged and the cruisers were used for training and, in any case, there were fuel shortages. The inact ...

See also:

Operation Neptune, Operation Neptune - Participants, Operation Neptune - Operation Gambit, Operation Neptune - Naval screen, Operation Neptune - Definition

Read more here: » Operation Neptune: Encyclopedia II - Operation Neptune - Naval screen

The regiment was formed on 1 April 1900 by order of Queen Victoria in response to the many courageous actions performed by Irish regiments in the Second Boer War. The Irish Guards first honorary Colonel-of-the-Regiment was Field Marshal Lord Roberts, known to many troops as 'Bobs'. Because of this, the regiment gained the nickname 'Bob's Own' though are now known affectionately as 'The Micks'. This is not seen as offensive or derogatory by the regiment. As of 2005, it is one of only two pur ...

See also:

Irish Guards, Irish Guards - History, Irish Guards - First World War, Irish Guards - Inter-War, Irish Guards - Second World War, Irish Guards - 1945-Present day, Irish Guards - Battle Honours, Irish Guards - Victoria Cross winners

Read more here: » Irish Guards: Encyclopedia II - Irish Guards - History

There are custom and dice conversions. Dice conversions are marked with a (d). Maps are not within year cats yet. The country listing are the teams for the maps. The version number relate to which version a map was first seen. The real life battle the maps are based on are linked to by the map name in some cases. Forgotten Hope - 1939. Eastern Blitz- (Poland vs. Nazi Germany), v.66 Fall Weiss- ...

See also:

Forgotten Hope, Forgotten Hope - Public Release History, Forgotten Hope - Maps, Forgotten Hope - 1939, Forgotten Hope - 1940, Forgotten Hope - 1941, Forgotten Hope - 1942, Forgotten Hope - 1943, Forgotten Hope - 1944, Forgotten Hope - 1945, Forgotten Hope - Fictional Maps, Forgotten Hope - Old Version Maps, Forgotten Hope - Vehicles & Aircraft, Forgotten Hope - America, Forgotten Hope - Britain, Forgotten Hope - France, Forgotten Hope - Italy, Forgotten Hope - Japan, Forgotten Hope - USSR, Forgotten Hope - Germany, Forgotten Hope - Poland, Forgotten Hope - Finland, Forgotten Hope - Canada, Forgotten Hope - Australia, Forgotten Hope - Weapons, Forgotten Hope - America, Forgotten Hope - Britain, Forgotten Hope - France, Forgotten Hope - Germany, Forgotten Hope - Italy, Forgotten Hope - Japan, Forgotten Hope - USSR, Forgotten Hope - Finland, Forgotten Hope - Canada, Forgotten Hope - Poland, Forgotten Hope - Australia

Read more here: » Forgotten Hope: Encyclopedia II - Forgotten Hope - Maps

British 11th Armoured Division Guards Armoured Division 43rd Wessex Infantry Division 6th Guards Tank Brigade German ...

See also:

Operation Bluecoat, Operation Bluecoat - Background, Operation Bluecoat - Forces, Operation Bluecoat - Progress of the Battle, Operation Bluecoat - Outcome, Operation Bluecoat - Notable Actions, Operation Bluecoat - Context

Read more here: » Operation Bluecoat: Encyclopedia II - Operation Bluecoat - Forces

The Germans had adequately prepared their Atlantic Wall defences along the obstacle-strewn beach, and the gentle downward slope gave them an excellent field of fire. The German 352nd Division defending Omaha Beach was one of the better trained German units in the area. About half of the swimming Sherman DD Tanks intended to give armoured support swamped and sank before reaching shore, due to adverse weather conditions and deployment orders that were inappropriate for such conditions -- half the tanks were launched as planned, from 6 kilomete ...

See also:

Omaha Beach, Omaha Beach - Bloody Omaha, Omaha Beach - Breakthrough, Omaha Beach - Famous names at the beach, Omaha Beach - Dramatizations

Read more here: » Omaha Beach: Encyclopedia II - Omaha Beach - Bloody Omaha

The original planning for the Normandy campaign, once the initial D-Day invasion was successful, envisioned a rapid Allied build-up of forces in a steadily-expanding bridgehead. Specific objectives such as towns, ports and airfields served as guidelines to operations. Eventually the Allies sought a mobile battle in which their advantages in numbers, tactical air power, armor, mechanized infantry and logistics would be brought to bear. They wished to avoid ...

See also:

Operation Cobra, Operation Cobra - Background, Operation Cobra - Planning, Operation Cobra - The Effect of the British Breakout Attempt: Goodwood, Operation Cobra - Pre-Attack Phase, Operation Cobra - Initial Attack July 24-27, Operation Cobra - Breakthrough and Breakout July 27-August 4, Operation Cobra - Effects

Read more here: » Operation Cobra: Encyclopedia II - Operation Cobra - Background

Battle of Normandy - Allied preparations. After the 1941 German invasion of the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa), the Soviets had done the bulk of the fighting against Germany on the European mainland. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill had committed the United States and United Kingdom to opening up a "second front" in Europe to aid in the Soviet advance on Germany ...

See also:

Battle of Normandy, Battle of Normandy - Prelude, Battle of Normandy - Allied preparations, Battle of Normandy - German preparations, Battle of Normandy - The Allied invasion plan, Battle of Normandy - German defenses, Battle of Normandy - The landings, Battle of Normandy - The French Resistance, Battle of Normandy - Airborne landings, Battle of Normandy - Sword Beach, Battle of Normandy - Juno Beach, Battle of Normandy - Gold Beach, Battle of Normandy - Omaha Beach, Battle of Normandy - Pointe du Hoc, Battle of Normandy - Utah Beach, Battle of Normandy - After the landings, Battle of Normandy - Chronology, Battle of Normandy - Political considerations, Battle of Normandy - Aftermath and strategic appraisal, Battle of Normandy - Notes, Battle of Normandy - Documentaries, Battle of Normandy - Dramatizations, Battle of Normandy - Sources, Battle of Normandy - Bibliography

Read more here: » Battle of Normandy: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Normandy - Prelude

Fortitude South was conducted with the intention of persuading the Germans that an invasion would come to the Pas de Calais - a logical strategic choice for an invasion since it was the closest part of France to England. While it was hoped that this would reduce the number of troops in the Normandy area at the time of the invasion, even more important was to dissuade the Germans from reinforcing the Normandy battleground in the days immediately after the invasion. To this end the Allies hoped to convince the Germans that the Normandy invasion, when it occurred, was a diversio ...

See also:

Operation Fortitude, Operation Fortitude - Fortitude North, Operation Fortitude - Fortitude South, Operation Fortitude - Operation Quicksilver, Operation Fortitude - Double Agents, Operation Fortitude - Myths, Operation Fortitude - Reasons for success, Operation Fortitude - Quotes

Read more here: » Operation Fortitude: Encyclopedia II - Operation Fortitude - Fortitude South

History of the British Army - Organisation. At the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, the British Army was a small, professional force of 247,000 soldiers, over half of which were posted overseas in garrisons throughout the British Empire. The regular Army was supported by 224,000 reservists and 269,000 soldiers of the Territorial Force. The size of the Army was in stark contrast to the Royal Navy which was the largest navy in the world, while many of the Army's continental counterparts, such as the French and German Armies (both of whom employed conscription) numbered n ...

See also:

History of the British Army, History of the British Army - Origins 1661-1774, History of the British Army - American Revolution Napoleonic Wars and the Long Peace 1774-1854, History of the British Army - Crimea Mutiny Colonial Wars & the Cardwell-Childers reforms 1854-1914, History of the British Army - Organisation, History of the British Army - Operations, History of the British Army - The Great War 1914-18, History of the British Army - Organisation, History of the British Army - Equipment, History of the British Army - Operations, History of the British Army - Inter-War Period 1919-1939, History of the British Army - World War II 1939-1945, History of the British Army - Organisation, History of the British Army - Operations, History of the British Army - End of Empire and Cold War 1945-1990, History of the British Army - Organisation, History of the British Army - Operations, History of the British Army - Age of Mobility 1990-present, History of the British Army - Organisation, History of the British Army - Operations, History of the British Army - Terminology, History of the British Army - Official rifle of the Army 1722-2005

Read more here: » History of the British Army: Encyclopedia II - History of the British Army - The Great War 1914-18

On 6 June 1944, the Western Allies launched Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy. The HJ, along with the 21.Panzer-Division, was the closest armoured unit to the landing beaches. Due to Hitler's authorisation being required to release the panzer units, the HJ was not ordered to the front until 1430 on 6 June. The division's advance to the areas near Sword and Juno Beaches was severely hampered by incessant allied Jabo (fighter-bomber) attacks. Forward elem ...

See also:

German 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend, German 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend - Formation and Training, German 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend - Normandy Campaign, German 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend - Withdrawal - Wacht Am Rhein, German 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend - Hungary - Austria, German 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend - War Crimes, German 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend - Commanders, German 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend - Order of Battle

Read more here: » German 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend: Encyclopedia II - German 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend - Normandy Campaign

The Ranger battalion was comanded by Lieutenant Colonel James Earl Rudder. The plan called for the three companies of Rangers to be landed by sea at the foot of the cliffs, scale them using ropes, ladders, and grapples under enemy fire, and engage the enemy at the top of the cliff. This was to be carried out before the main landings. The Rangers trained for the cliff assault on the Isle of Wight, under the direction of British Commandos. Despite initial setbacks due to weather and navigational problems, resulting in a 40-minute delay ...

See also:

Pointe du Hoc, Pointe du Hoc - The target, Pointe du Hoc - The attack, Pointe du Hoc - Media, Pointe du Hoc - Today

Read more here: » Pointe du Hoc: Encyclopedia II - Pointe du Hoc - The attack

Britain declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939, two days after Hitler had invaded Poland. At the time, Montgomery had only just recently taken command of the 3rd Division and he and his division deployed to Belgium as part of the British Expeditionary Force. The Germans began their invasion of the Low Countries on 8 May 1940 and the BEF eventually withdrew to Dunkirk where Operation Dynamo -- the evacuation of the BEF and French forces to Britain -- began on 26 May. Montgomery was placed in command of II Corps during the evacuation and he was part of over 330,000 British and French troop ...

See also:

Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein - Early life and World War I service, Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein - World War II, Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein - North Africa and Italy, Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein - Normandy, Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein - Removal as Ground Forces Commander, Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein - Later life and controversy, Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein - Quotations

Read more here: » Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein: Encyclopedia II - Bernard Law Montgomery 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein - World War II

Italy declared war on Britain and France on 10 June 1940. O'Connor was appointed Commander of the Western Desert Force, and tasked to protect Egypt and the Suez Canal from Italian attack. To accomplish this, O'Connor planned to use a screen of light tanks and armored cars, supported by artillery, to delay the Italians led by Marshal Rodolfo Graziani. In command of this delaying force was Brigadier General Gott. Meanwhile, the main force was to retreat towards Mersa Matruh and the Baggush Box where strong fixed defences had been prepared. These would stop the Italians long enough for re ...

See also:

Richard O'Connor, Richard O'Connor - Early life and the First World War, Richard O'Connor - Inter-War years, Richard O'Connor - The Italian Offensive and Operation Compass, Richard O'Connor - The tide turns and capture, Richard O'Connor - VIII Corps and Normandy, Richard O'Connor - Operation Market Garden India and afterwards

Read more here: » Richard O'Connor: Encyclopedia II - Richard O'Connor - The Italian Offensive and Operation Compass