open vowel

In phonetics and phonology, vowel height is a feature that shows the vertical position of the tongue relative to the roof of the mouth in a vowel sound. The first formant of a vowel (F1) usually corresponds to vowel height, with a higher F1 corresponding to a lower vowel height and a lower F1 corresponding to a higher vowel height. The International Phonetic Alphabet identifies 7 different vowel heights, although no language distinguishes all 7: open vowel (low vowel) near-open vowel open-mid vowel mid vowel close-mid vowel near-c ...

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 Atlantic-Congo   Volta-Congo     Benue-Congo     Defoid      Yoruboid       Edekiri        Yorùbá  Yoruba (native name Yorúbà) is a dialect continuum of sub-Saharan Africa. The native tongue of the Yoruba people, it is spoken, among other languages, in Nigeria, Benin, and Togo and traces of it are found among communities in Br ...

Including:

• Yoruba language - History
• Yoruba language - Dialects
• Yoruba language - Standard Yoruba
• Yoruba language - Phonology
• Yoruba language - Vowels
• Yoruba language - Consonants
• Yoruba language - Tone
• Yoruba language - Assimilation and elision
• Yoruba language - Grammar
• Yoruba language - Writing system
• Yoruba language - Tone markings
• Yoruba language - Notes and references
• Yoruba language - Notes
• Yoruba language - References

Read more here: » Yoruba language: Encyclopedia - Yoruba language

The close-mid central unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɘ. This is a reversed letter e, and should not be confused with the schwa ə, a turned letter e. Close-mid central unrounded vowel - Features. Its vowel height is close-mid, which means the tongue is positioned hal ...

Including:

• Close-mid central unrounded vowel - Close-mid central unrounded vowel
• Close-mid central unrounded vowel - Features
• Close-mid central unrounded vowel - Occurs in
• Close-mid central unrounded vowel - Mid central unrounded vowel
• Close-mid central unrounded vowel - Features
• Close-mid central unrounded vowel - Occurs in

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The open-mid back unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʌ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is V. The IPA symbol is an inverted letter v and both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as "wedge". Open-mid back unrounded vowel - Features. Its vowel height is open-mid, which means the tongue is posit ...

Including:

• Open-mid back unrounded vowel - Features
• Open-mid back unrounded vowel - Occurs in
• Open-mid back unrounded vowel - Reference

Read more here: » Open-mid back unrounded vowel: Encyclopedia - Open-mid back unrounded vowel

In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by an open configuration of the vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure above the glottis. This contrasts with consonants, which are characterized by a constriction or closure at one or more points along the vocal tract. A vowel is also understood to be syllabic: an equivalent open but non-syllabic sound is called a semivowel. In all languages, vowels form the nucleus or peak of syllables, whereas consonants form the onset and (in languag ...

Including:

• Vowel - Articulation
• Vowel - Height
• Vowel - Backness
• Vowel - Roundedness
• Vowel - Nasalization
• Vowel - Phonation
• Vowel - Tongue root retraction
• Vowel - Secondary narrowings in the vocal tract
• Vowel - Tenseness/checked vowels vs. free vowels
• Vowel - Acoustics
• Vowel - Prosody and intonation
• Vowel - Monophthongs diphthongs triphthongs
• Vowel - Vowels in languages
• Vowel - Vowel systems
• Vowel - Written vowels
• Vowel - Written vowels in writing systems

Read more here: » Vowel: Encyclopedia - Vowel

The standardized phonology of Standard Mandarin is reproduced below. Actual reproduction varies widely among speakers, as everyone (including national leaders) inadvertently introduces elements of his/her own native dialect. By contrast, television and radio announcers are usually chosen for their pronunciation accuracy. Below is the phonology of Standard Mandarin. Standard Mandarin - Initials. The following is the initial inventory of Standard Mandarin as represente ...

See also:

Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin - History, Standard Mandarin - Phonology, Standard Mandarin - Initials, Standard Mandarin - Finals, Standard Mandarin - Tones, Standard Mandarin - Romanization, Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and Beijing dialect, Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and other dialects, Standard Mandarin - Accents, Standard Mandarin - Role of standard Mandarin

Read more here: » Standard Mandarin: Encyclopedia II - Standard Mandarin - Phonology

The standardized phonology of Standard Mandarin is reproduced below. Actual reproduction varies widely among speakers, as everyone (including national leaders) inadvertently introduces elements of his/her own native dialect. By contrast, television and radio announcers are usually chosen for their pronunciation accuracy. Below is the phonology of Standard Mandarin. Standard Mandarin - Initials. The following is the initial inventory of Standard Mandarin as represente ...

See also:

Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin - History, Standard Mandarin - Phonology, Standard Mandarin - Initials, Standard Mandarin - Finals, Standard Mandarin - Tones, Standard Mandarin - Romanization, Standard Mandarin - Grammar, Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and Beijing dialect, Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and other dialects, Standard Mandarin - Accents, Standard Mandarin - Role of standard Mandarin

Read more here: » Standard Mandarin: Encyclopedia II - Standard Mandarin - Phonology

The three possible syllable structures of Yoruba are consonant+vowel (CV), vowel alone (V), and syllabic nasal (N). Every syllable bears one of the three tones: high  ́, mid  ̄ (generally left unmarked), and low  ̀. The sentence 'n̄ ò lọ' I didn't go provides examples of the three syllable types: n̄ — [ŋ̄] — I ò — See also:

Yoruba language, Yoruba language - History, Yoruba language - Dialects, Yoruba language - Standard Yoruba, Yoruba language - Phonology, Yoruba language - Vowels, Yoruba language - Consonants, Yoruba language - Tone, Yoruba language - Assimilation and elision, Yoruba language - Grammar, Yoruba language - Writing system, Yoruba language - Tone markings, Yoruba language - Notes and references, Yoruba language - Notes, Yoruba language - References

Read more here: » Yoruba language: Encyclopedia II - Yoruba language - Phonology

The articulatory features that distinguish different vowels in a language are said to determine the vowel's quality. Daniel Jones developed the cardinal vowel system to describe vowels in terms of the common features height (vertical dimension), backness (horizontal dimension) and roundedness (lip position). These three parameters are indicated in the schematic IPA vowel diagram on right. There are however still more possible features of vowel quality, such the velum position (nasality), type of vocal fold vibration (phonation), and tongue root position.

See also:

Vowel, Vowel - Articulation, Vowel - Height, Vowel - Backness, Vowel - Roundedness, Vowel - Nasalization, Vowel - Phonation, Vowel - Tongue root retraction, Vowel - Secondary narrowings in the vocal tract, Vowel - Tenseness/checked vowels vs. free vowels, Vowel - Acoustics, Vowel - Prosody and intonation, Vowel - Monophthongs diphthongs triphthongs, Vowel - Vowels in languages, Vowel - Vowel systems, Vowel - Written vowels, Vowel - Written vowels in writing systems

Read more here: » Vowel: Encyclopedia II - Vowel - Articulation

The close-mid central unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɘ. This is a reversed letter e, and should not be confused with the schwa ə, a turned letter e. Close-mid central unrounded vowel - Features. Its vowel height is close-mid, which means the tongue is positioned hal ...

See also:

Close-mid central unrounded vowel, Close-mid central unrounded vowel - Close-mid central unrounded vowel, Close-mid central unrounded vowel - Features, Close-mid central unrounded vowel - Occurs in, Close-mid central unrounded vowel - Mid central unrounded vowel, Close-mid central unrounded vowel - Features, Close-mid central unrounded vowel - Occurs in

Read more here: » Close-mid central unrounded vowel: Encyclopedia II - Close-mid central unrounded vowel - Close-mid central unrounded vowel

A vowel sound whose quality doesn't change over the duration of the vowel is called a monophthong. Monophthongs are sometimes called "pure" or "stable" vowels. A vowel sound that glides from one quality to another is called a diphthong, and a vowel sound that glides between three qualities is a triphthong. All languages have monophthongs and many languages have diphthongs, but triphthongs or vowel sounds with even more target qualities are relatively rare cross-linguistically. English has all three types: the vowel sound in hit ...

See also:

Vowel, Vowel - Articulation, Vowel - Height, Vowel - Backness, Vowel - Roundedness, Vowel - Nasalization, Vowel - Phonation, Vowel - Tongue root retraction, Vowel - Secondary narrowings in the vocal tract, Vowel - Tenseness/checked vowels vs. free vowels, Vowel - Acoustics, Vowel - Prosody and intonation, Vowel - Monophthongs, diphthongs, triphthongs, Vowel - Vowels in languages, Vowel - Vowel systems, Vowel - Written vowels, Vowel - Written vowels in writing systems

Read more here: » Vowel: Encyclopedia II - Vowel - Monophthongs, diphthongs, triphthongs

Since ancient history, the Chinese language has always consisted of a wide variety of dialects; hence prestige dialects and lingua francas have always been needed. Confucius, for example, used yǎyán (雅言)), or "elegant speech", rather than colloquial regional dialects; text during the Han Dynasty also referred to tōngyǔ (通语), or "common language". Rime books, which were written since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, may also have reflected one or more systems of standard pronunciation during those times. However, ...

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Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin - History, Standard Mandarin - Phonology, Standard Mandarin - Initials, Standard Mandarin - Finals, Standard Mandarin - Tones, Standard Mandarin - Romanization, Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and Beijing dialect, Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and other dialects, Standard Mandarin - Accents, Standard Mandarin - Role of standard Mandarin

Read more here: » Standard Mandarin: Encyclopedia II - Standard Mandarin - History

From an official point of view, standard Mandarin is theoretically something like a lingua franca — a way for Han Chinese and non-Han ethnic groups speaking a wide variety of mutually unintelligible of languages to communicate with each other. The very name of "Putonghua", or "ordinary speech", reinforces this idea. In implementation, however, standard Mandarin is sometimes given the aura of the "only right language", and other languages or dialects, both Chinese and non-Chinese, have shown signs of greatly losing ground to stan ...

See also:

Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin - History, Standard Mandarin - Phonology, Standard Mandarin - Initials, Standard Mandarin - Finals, Standard Mandarin - Tones, Standard Mandarin - Romanization, Standard Mandarin - Grammar, Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and Beijing dialect, Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and other dialects, Standard Mandarin - Accents, Standard Mandarin - Role of standard Mandarin

Read more here: » Standard Mandarin: Encyclopedia II - Standard Mandarin - Role of standard Mandarin

The national standard can be very different from a local Mandarin speech, to the point of being unintelligible. In addition, since standard Mandarin is taught as a second language across all China, it is also very common for two people who both believe themselves to be speaking standard Mandarin to require a translator. Nevertheless, efforts by the PRC, ROC, and Singapore to promote standard Mandarin as the stan ...

See also:

Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin - History, Standard Mandarin - Phonology, Standard Mandarin - Initials, Standard Mandarin - Finals, Standard Mandarin - Tones, Standard Mandarin - Romanization, Standard Mandarin - Grammar, Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and Beijing dialect, Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and other dialects, Standard Mandarin - Accents, Standard Mandarin - Role of standard Mandarin

Read more here: » Standard Mandarin: Encyclopedia II - Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and other dialects

The features of vowel prosody are often described independently from vowel quality. In non-linear phonetics, they are located on parallel layers. The features of vowel prosody are usually considered not to apply to the vowel itself, but to the syllable, as some languages do not contrast vowel length separately from syllable length. Intonation encompasses the changes in pitch, intensity, and speed of an utterance over time. In tonal languages, in most cases the tone of a syllable is carried by the vowel, meaning that the relative pitch ...

See also:

Vowel, Vowel - Articulation, Vowel - Height, Vowel - Backness, Vowel - Roundedness, Vowel - Nasalization, Vowel - Phonation, Vowel - Tongue root retraction, Vowel - Secondary narrowings in the vocal tract, Vowel - Tenseness/checked vowels vs. free vowels, Vowel - Acoustics, Vowel - Prosody and intonation, Vowel - Monophthongs diphthongs triphthongs, Vowel - Vowels in languages, Vowel - Vowel systems, Vowel - Written vowels, Vowel - Written vowels in writing systems

Read more here: » Vowel: Encyclopedia II - Vowel - Prosody and intonation

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See also:

Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin - History, Standard Mandarin - Phonology, Standard Mandarin - Initials, Standard Mandarin - Finals, Standard Mandarin - Tones, Standard Mandarin - Romanization, Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and Beijing dialect, Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and other dialects, Standard Mandarin - Accents, Standard Mandarin - Role of standard Mandarin

Read more here: » Standard Mandarin: Encyclopedia II - Standard Mandarin - Romanization

From an official point of view, standard Mandarin is theoretically something like a lingua franca — a way for Han Chinese and non-Han ethnic groups speaking a wide variety of mutually unintelligible of languages to communicate with each other. The very name of "Putonghua", or "ordinary speech", reinforces this idea. In implementation, however, standard Mandarin is sometimes given the aura of the "only right language", and other languages or dialects, both Chinese and non-Chinese, have shown signs of greatly losing ground to stan ...

See also:

Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin - History, Standard Mandarin - Phonology, Standard Mandarin - Initials, Standard Mandarin - Finals, Standard Mandarin - Tones, Standard Mandarin - Romanization, Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and Beijing dialect, Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and other dialects, Standard Mandarin - Accents, Standard Mandarin - Role of standard Mandarin

Read more here: » Standard Mandarin: Encyclopedia II - Standard Mandarin - Role of standard Mandarin

The national standard can be very different from a local Mandarin speech, to the point of being unintelligible. In addition, since standard Mandarin is taught as a second language across all China, it is also very common for two people who both believe themselves to be speaking standard Mandarin to require a translator. Nevertheless, efforts by the PRC, ROC, and Singapore to promote standard Mandarin as the stan ...

See also:

Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin - History, Standard Mandarin - Phonology, Standard Mandarin - Initials, Standard Mandarin - Finals, Standard Mandarin - Tones, Standard Mandarin - Romanization, Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and Beijing dialect, Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and other dialects, Standard Mandarin - Accents, Standard Mandarin - Role of standard Mandarin

Read more here: » Standard Mandarin: Encyclopedia II - Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and other dialects

By the official definition of the People's Republic of China, standard Mandarin uses: The phonology or sound system of Beijing. A distinction should be made between the sound system of a dialect or language and the actual pronunciation of words in it. The pronunciations of words chosen for Standard Mandarin -- a standardized speech -- do not necessarily reproduce those of the Beijing dialect. The pronunciation of words is a standardization choice and occasional standardization differenc ...

See also:

Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin - History, Standard Mandarin - Phonology, Standard Mandarin - Initials, Standard Mandarin - Finals, Standard Mandarin - Tones, Standard Mandarin - Romanization, Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and Beijing dialect, Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and other dialects, Standard Mandarin - Accents, Standard Mandarin - Role of standard Mandarin

Read more here: » Standard Mandarin: Encyclopedia II - Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and Beijing dialect

By the official definition of the People's Republic of China, standard Mandarin uses: The phonology or sound system of Beijing. A distinction should be made between the sound system of a dialect or language and the actual pronunciation of words in it. The pronunciations of words chosen for Standard Mandarin -- a standardized speech -- do not necessarily reproduce those of the Beijing dialect. The pronunciation of words is a standardization choice and occasional standardization differenc ...

See also:

Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin - History, Standard Mandarin - Phonology, Standard Mandarin - Initials, Standard Mandarin - Finals, Standard Mandarin - Tones, Standard Mandarin - Romanization, Standard Mandarin - Grammar, Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and Beijing dialect, Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and other dialects, Standard Mandarin - Accents, Standard Mandarin - Role of standard Mandarin

Read more here: » Standard Mandarin: Encyclopedia II - Standard Mandarin - Standard Mandarin and Beijing dialect