Open-pit mining

Open-pit mining: Encyclopedia II - Open-pit mining - Extraction

Open Cut mines are dug on benches, which describe horizontal levels of the mine. These benches are usually on 3 metre or 6 metre levels, depending on the size of the machinery being used. Quarries rarely use benches, as the majority of quarries are dug using (relatively) small-scale machinery. The walls of the pit are generally dug on an angle less than vertical, to prevent and minimise damage and danger from rock falls. This depends on how weathered the rocks are, and the type of rock, and also how many structural weaknesses occur within the rocks, ...

Open-pit mining: Encyclopedia - Quarry

A quarry is a type of open-pit mine from which rock or minerals are extracted. Quarries are generally used for extracting building materials, such as dimension stone. Quarries are usually shallower than other types of open-pit mines. People in some English-speaking countries are unlikely to make the distinction between this type of mine and any other type of open-pit or open-cast borrow or gravel pit mining operation. Quarries in level areas often have special engineering problems for drainage. The coquina quarry at the ...

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Open-pit mining: Encyclopedia - Berkeley Pit

The Berkeley Pit is a gigantic former open pit copper mine located in Butte, Montana, and is the largest Superfund site. It was opened in 1955 and operated by the Anaconda Mining Company and later by ARCO the Atlantic Richfield Company, until its closure in 1982. When the pit was closed, the water pumps at the bottom were also turned off, which caused groundwater from the surrounding basin to leak into the pit. The water seeped through metal deposits, causing it to become heavily acidic and laden with heavy metals and dangerous chemic ...

Open-pit mining: Encyclopedia - Bisbee Blue

Bisbee Blue refers to the turquoise that comes from copper mines located in the vicinity of Bisbee, Arizona. It is also called Bisbee turquoise. Though small amounts were found in the Campbell shaft mine, as well as in streambeds in the Mule Mountains, the vast majority of Bisbee turquoise surfaced when the Phelps Dodge Corporation started open pit mining operations at the location now known as the Lavender Pit, especially the eastern side of the pit. Large amounts of a conglomerate rock bed needed to be removed before t ...

Open-pit mining: Encyclopedia - Coal mining

Coal mining is the extraction of coal from the Earth for use as fuel. Coal mining - Methods of extraction. The most economical of methods of coal extraction from coal seams depends on the depth and quality of the seams, and also the geology and environmental factors of the area being mined. If the coal seams are near the surface, the coal is extracted by strip mining. Strip mining exposes the coal by the advancement of an open pit or strip. As the coal is exposed and extracted, the overburden from th ...

Including:

Coal mining - Methods of extraction

Coal mining - History

Coal mining - Dangers to miners

Coal mining - Environmental impacts

Coal mining - External link

Open-pit mining: Encyclopedia - Clay pit

A clay pit is an open mine for the extraction of clay, which is generally used for manufacturing bricks. The brick factory is often located alongside the clay pit to reduce the transport costs of the raw material. Former claypits are sometimes filled with water and used for recreational purposes such as sailing and scuba diving. ...

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Open-pit mining: Encyclopedia - Borehole mining

Borehole Mining (BHM) is a remote operated method of extracting (mining) of mineral resources through boreholes by means of high pressure water jets. This process can be carried-out from land surface, open pit floor, underground mine or floating platform or vessel through pre-drilled boreholes. Borehole mining - The process. A borehole is drilled from land surface to a desired depth, where then an actual borehole mining will take a place. A casing column is lowered down the hole. Since BHM ta ...

Including:

Borehole mining - The process

Borehole mining - Description of a BHM tool

Borehole mining - Advantages of BHM

Borehole mining - External link

Open-pit mining: Encyclopedia - Cassiar British Columbia

Cassiar is a ghost town in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It was a small company-owned mining town nestled in the Cassiar Mountain Range of Northern British Columbia. After forty years of operation, the mine was unexpectedly forced to close in 1992. The closure was driven by a combination of factors including diminished demand for asbestos and expensive complications faced after converting from an open-pit ...

Open-pit mining: Encyclopedia - Chuquicamata

Chuquicamata, or, "Chuqui," as it is commonly called, is the largest open pit copper mine in the world. It is located at (22°17′S 68°54′W), 15 km north of the city of Calama in Chile. The mine is elliptical in form, with a surface of almost 8,000,000 m2, and it is 680 m deep. The place has been exploited since pre-Hispanic times. The word Chuquicamata comes from the Aymara language and refers to the first inhabitants of the zone. The territory where the mine is located passed to Chilean control and sovereignty due to ...

Including:

Chuquicamata - External link

Open-pit mining: Encyclopedia - Coal

Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by underground mining or open-pit mining (strip mining). It is a readily combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock. It is composed primarily of carbon along with assorted other elements, including sulfur. Often associated with the Industrial Revolution, coal remains an enormously important fuel and is the largest single source of electricity world-wide. In the United States, for example, the burning of coal generates 50% of the electricity consumed. Coal - Etymol ...

Including:

Coal - Etymology and folklore

Coal - Coking and use of coke

Coal - Harmful effects of coal burning

Coal - Coal fires

Coal - World coal reserves

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Open-pit mining: Encyclopedia II - List of open source software packages - Document editing

List of open source software packages - Office suite. Gnome Office KOffice OpenOffice.org — similar functionality to Microsoft Office, including file compatibility NeoOffice — fork of OpenOffice.org to produce a Mac OS X version List of open source software packages - Word processing. AbiWord KWord OpenOffice.org Writer List of open source software packages - Notetaking. F ...

Including:

Centralia Pennsylvania - History

Centralia Pennsylvania - The mine fire

Centralia Pennsylvania - Centralia today

Centralia Pennsylvania - Mineral rights

Centralia Pennsylvania - Geography

Centralia Pennsylvania - Demographics

Centralia Pennsylvania - Sources

Open-pit mining: Encyclopedia - Castleton

Castleton is a village in the Derbyshire Peak District, in England. The village lies at the western end of the Hope Valley, on the Peakshole Water stream. Castleton originally grew around the Norman Peveril Castle at around 1198, and later prospered from lead mining (see Derbyshire lead mining history). This created and enlarged local caverns, four of which are now open to the public as The Devil's Arse or Peak Cavern, Blue John Cavern, Speedwell Cavern and Treak Cliff Cavern. A l ...

Open-pit mining: Encyclopedia - Veld

For information on the town of Veldt, see Veldt Township, Minnesota Veld or Veldt, is a field, an open area of land, typically in South Africa or southern Africa, comparable to the Australian outback. It is often used for agriculture or mining. The word is taken from the Afrikaans and Dutch languages meaning 'field'. Veld - Highveld and lowveld. Much of southern Africa consists of high plateau areas known as highveld. These higher, cooler and wetter areas (gener ...