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open-ended | A Wisdom Archive on open-ended | | open-ended A selection of articles related to open-ended | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO open-ended | | | |  open-ended: Encyclopedia II - Mutual fund - Structure
Mutual fund - Open-end fund.
The term Mutual fund is the common name for an open-end investment company. Being open-ended means that at the end of every day, the investment management company sponsoring the fund issues new shares to investors and buys back shares from investors wishing to leave the fund.
Mutual Funds may be legally structured as corporations or business trusts but in either instance are classed as open-end investment companies by the SEC.
Other funds have a limited number of shares these are either closed-end fund or unit investment ...
See also:Mutual fund, Mutual fund - Usage, Mutual fund - Structure, Mutual fund - Open-end fund, Mutual fund - Exchange-traded funds, Mutual fund - Net asset value, Mutual fund - Share class, Mutual fund - Turnover, Mutual fund - Load, Mutual fund - History, Mutual fund - Picking a mutual fund, Mutual fund - Scandals, Mutual fund - Criticism of mutual funds Read more here: » Mutual fund: Encyclopedia II - Mutual fund - Structure |
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| | | | open-ended: Encyclopedia II - Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Puzzle descriptions Many of the puzzles featured in Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates bear striking resemblance to established puzzle games, with some small changes in mechanics. The following list describes each puzzle game, as well as the game(s), if applicable, each was derived from.
Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Multiplayer puzzles.
Interpersonal puzzles can be played between two or more players, and may be wagered on. Swordfighting is also played during a Sea Battle. Tournaments, funded by players and seeded by the ...
See also:Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Oceans and Payment Methods, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Subscription Oceans, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Doubloon Oceans, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Puzzle descriptions, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Multiplayer puzzles, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Parlour Games, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Crafting puzzles, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Duty puzzles, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Economy, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Game Gardens Read more here: » Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates: Encyclopedia II - Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Puzzle descriptions |
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| | | | open-ended: Encyclopedia II - Exchange-traded fund - ETFs vs. open-ended funds An advantage of mutual funds is that they have lower costs if you only invest a little bit of money, or invest small monthly or quarterly amounts. Since ETFs are traded on the stock market, every trade has commission costs. Many mutual funds do not have such costs. If an investor likes to invest, say, $100 or $500 every month, mutual funds are likely to cost less.
There are many advantages to ETFs, and these advantages will likely increase over time. Most ETFs have a lower expense ratio than comparable mutual funds. Mutual funds can c ...
See also:Exchange-traded fund, Exchange-traded fund - Creation and redemption of shares, Exchange-traded fund - Usage, Exchange-traded fund - History, Exchange-traded fund - ETFs vs. open-ended funds, Exchange-traded fund - Top U.S. ETFs, Exchange-traded fund - Top Republic of Korea ETFs Read more here: » Exchange-traded fund: Encyclopedia II - Exchange-traded fund - ETFs vs. open-ended funds |
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| | | | open-ended: Encyclopedia II - Frontier computer game - Game play In Frontier, you play the part of one of Commander Jameson's grandchildren, having inherited from your grandfather one hundred credits and an Eagle Long Range Fighter Mk.III. By the game’s standards, this is incredibly modest, and is used as a spur to encourage you to earn money by whatever means you feel are appropriate.
As with Elite, much of Frontier is concerned with trading: you can buy and sell much—from food and computer parts to guns and slaves—with the intent of making the most profit from ea ...
See also:Frontier computer game, Frontier computer game - Game play, Frontier computer game - Compared with Elite, Frontier computer game - Music, Frontier computer game - Box Contents, Frontier computer game - Bugs, Frontier computer game - Frontier in the media, Frontier computer game - Trivia, Frontier computer game - Successors Read more here: » Frontier computer game: Encyclopedia II - Frontier computer game - Game play |
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| | | | open-ended: Encyclopedia II - Frontier computer game - Bugs Frontier’s development was running behind schedule near its slated release date, and, to meet their advertised release date, Gametek published the game before it was totally completed. As a result, there were some bugs left in the first release.
The most famous of these was the “wormhole” bug: Normally a ship’s hyperdrive has a range of about 15 light years at most, so planetary systems dozens of light years away are too far to reach in one hyperspace jump. However, if the player happened to find a system 655.36 to 670. ...
See also:Frontier computer game, Frontier computer game - Game play, Frontier computer game - Compared with Elite, Frontier computer game - Music, Frontier computer game - Box Contents, Frontier computer game - Bugs, Frontier computer game - Frontier in the media, Frontier computer game - Trivia, Frontier computer game - Successors Read more here: » Frontier computer game: Encyclopedia II - Frontier computer game - Bugs |
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| | | | open-ended: Encyclopedia II - Frontier computer game - Frontier in the media Frontier was generally well received by the media. Most magazines were awestruck by its sheer volume and accurate depiction of real-world physics, and gave it similar awesomely high ratings they had originally given Elite.
One notable exception was Amiga Power, who viewed the game not as a successor to Elite’s throne, but as a space flying game on its own right, and were disappointed by its lack of action. This made them dismiss the game as boring, rating it 65% (75% for A1200 users) ranking #100 in their top 10 ...
See also:Frontier computer game, Frontier computer game - Game play, Frontier computer game - Compared with Elite, Frontier computer game - Music, Frontier computer game - Box Contents, Frontier computer game - Bugs, Frontier computer game - Frontier in the media, Frontier computer game - Trivia, Frontier computer game - Successors Read more here: » Frontier computer game: Encyclopedia II - Frontier computer game - Frontier in the media |
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| | | | open-ended: Encyclopedia II - Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Oceans and Payment Methods Players may pay for Puzzle Pirates in one of two ways: Subscription or Doubloon oceans - an "Ocean" being the Puzzle Pirate equivalent of a "Server".
Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Subscription Oceans.
As of September 2005, the cost to play on a subscription ocean is approximately US$10.00 per month: $9.95/month, $19.95 for an initial quarterly subscription and $24.95/quarter afterwards, and $74.95/year. Downloading the client and registering an account allows a player free play, though a payment must be ...
See also:Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Oceans and Payment Methods, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Subscription Oceans, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Doubloon Oceans, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Puzzle descriptions, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Multiplayer puzzles, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Parlour Games, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Crafting puzzles, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Duty puzzles, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Economy, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Game Gardens Read more here: » Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates: Encyclopedia II - Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Oceans and Payment Methods |
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| | | | open-ended: Encyclopedia II - Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Economy Puzzle Pirates features a market economy. Basic resources, such as wood and iron are produced by the game on each island, and are sold to the highest bidder. Commodities are processed by player-run shops, using player-supplied labour, into refined goods such as swords, ships and rum, or into intermediate items such as cloth or enamel.
With the exception of ships (which may be sunk in only certain circumstances), all manufactured items in Puzzle Pirates either decay or are consumed in everyday use. Cannon-balls are shot during battle, ...
See also:Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Oceans and Payment Methods, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Subscription Oceans, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Doubloon Oceans, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Puzzle descriptions, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Multiplayer puzzles, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Parlour Games, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Crafting puzzles, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Duty puzzles, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Economy, Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Game Gardens Read more here: » Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates: Encyclopedia II - Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates - Economy |
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| | | | open-ended: Encyclopedia II - Frontier computer game - Music Perhaps taking a cue from the film 2001, the game used a selection of classical music to provide background. Pieces (in fact, MIDI-reinterpretations) by Wagner, Mussorgsky, Grieg joined Strauss’s “The Blue Danube”, the latter being played during any space station docking sequence, as in 2001.
David Lowe also provided two original classical style pieces, one for the intro sequence.
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See also:Frontier computer game, Frontier computer game - Game play, Frontier computer game - Compared with Elite, Frontier computer game - Music, Frontier computer game - Box Contents, Frontier computer game - Bugs, Frontier computer game - Frontier in the media, Frontier computer game - Trivia, Frontier computer game - Successors Read more here: » Frontier computer game: Encyclopedia II - Frontier computer game - Music |
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| | | | open-ended: Encyclopedia II - Mutual fund - Criticism of mutual funds The primary criticism of actively managed mutual funds comes from the historical fact that, over long periods of time, most have not returned as much buying an index fund.
There are also other criticisms levied against mutual funds as a consequence of the first criticism. One critique covers the concept of the sales load, an upfront or deferred fee as high as 8.5 percent of the amount invested in a fund. Firstly, some critics do not believe that this should be charged on a percentage basis instead of a flat fee basis. A so-called flat ...
See also:Mutual fund, Mutual fund - Usage, Mutual fund - Structure, Mutual fund - Open-end fund, Mutual fund - Exchange-traded funds, Mutual fund - Net asset value, Mutual fund - Share class, Mutual fund - Turnover, Mutual fund - Load, Mutual fund - History, Mutual fund - Picking a mutual fund, Mutual fund - Scandals, Mutual fund - Criticism of mutual funds Read more here: » Mutual fund: Encyclopedia II - Mutual fund - Criticism of mutual funds |
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| | | | open-ended: Encyclopedia II - Mutual fund - Criticism of mutual funds The primary criticism of actively managed mutual funds comes from the historical fact that, over long periods of time, most have not returned as much buying an index fund.
There are also other criticisms levied against mutual funds as a consequence of the first criticism. One critique covers the concept of the sales load, an upfront or deferred fee as high as 8.5 percent of the amount invested in a fund. Firstly, some critics do not believe that this should be charged on a percentage basis instead of a flat fee basis. Secondly this pa ...
See also:Mutual fund, Mutual fund - Usage, Mutual fund - Structure, Mutual fund - Open-end fund, Mutual fund - Exchange-traded funds, Mutual fund - Net asset value, Mutual fund - Share class, Mutual fund - Turnover, Mutual fund - Load, Mutual fund - History, Mutual fund - Picking a mutual fund, Mutual fund - Scandals, Mutual fund - Criticism of mutual funds Read more here: » Mutual fund: Encyclopedia II - Mutual fund - Criticism of mutual funds |
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| | | | open-ended: Encyclopedia II - Exchange-traded fund - Top U.S. ETFs Most current U.S. ETFs are based on some index; for example, Spiders are based on the S&P 500 index. The index is generally determined by an independent company; for example, Spiders are run by State Street, while the S&P 500 is calculated by Standard & Poor's. Sometimes, a proprietary index is used.
The first, and most widely held (as of November 2004) ETF is the Standard & Poor's Depositary Receipt, abbreviated SPDR. Shares of SPDR, called "spiders", are traded on the American Stock Exchange under the ticker SPY. Also popular and well known are the ETFs that track the NASDAQ-100 index ("qube ...
See also:Exchange-traded fund, Exchange-traded fund - Creation and redemption of shares, Exchange-traded fund - Usage, Exchange-traded fund - History, Exchange-traded fund - ETFs vs. open-ended funds, Exchange-traded fund - Top U.S. ETFs, Exchange-traded fund - Top Republic of Korea ETFs Read more here: » Exchange-traded fund: Encyclopedia II - Exchange-traded fund - Top U.S. ETFs |
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| | | | open-ended: Encyclopedia II - Mutual fund - Usage Mutual funds can invest in many different kinds of securities. The most common are cash, stock, and bonds, but there are hundreds of sub-categories. Stock funds, for instance, can invest primarily in the shares of a particular industry, such as technology or utilities. These are known as sector funds. Bond funds can vary according to risk (high yield or junk bonds, investment-grade corporate bonds), type of issuers (government agencies, corporations, or municipalities), or maturity of the bonds (short or long term). Both stock and bond funds ...
See also:Mutual fund, Mutual fund - Usage, Mutual fund - Structure, Mutual fund - Open-end fund, Mutual fund - Exchange-traded funds, Mutual fund - Net asset value, Mutual fund - Share class, Mutual fund - Turnover, Mutual fund - Load, Mutual fund - History, Mutual fund - Picking a mutual fund, Mutual fund - Scandals, Mutual fund - Criticism of mutual funds Read more here: » Mutual fund: Encyclopedia II - Mutual fund - Usage |
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| | | | open-ended: Encyclopedia II - Mutual fund - History The first open-end mutual fund, Massachusetts Investors Trust was founded on March 21, 1924 and after one year had 200 shareholders and $392,000 in assets. The entire industry, which included a few closed-end funds, represented less than $10 million in 1924.
The stock market crash of 1929 slowed the growth of mutual funds. In response to the stock market crash, Congress passed the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These laws require that a fund be registered with the SEC and provide prospective inv ...
See also:Mutual fund, Mutual fund - Usage, Mutual fund - Structure, Mutual fund - Open-end fund, Mutual fund - Exchange-traded funds, Mutual fund - Net asset value, Mutual fund - Share class, Mutual fund - Turnover, Mutual fund - Load, Mutual fund - History, Mutual fund - Picking a mutual fund, Mutual fund - Scandals, Mutual fund - Criticism of mutual funds Read more here: » Mutual fund: Encyclopedia II - Mutual fund - History |
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| | | | open-ended: Encyclopedia II - Exchange-traded fund - Creation and redemption of shares Rather than the fund manager dealing directly with shareholders, institutional investors will create a portfolio of shares identical to the ETF and loan them to the fund manager. The portfolio is then incorporated in the ETF and ETF shares are created, typically a creation unit consists of 50,000 shares.
ETF shares are sold and resold freely among large investors on the open market. If they purchase a sufficient amount of shares, the investor can exchange one full creation unit of ETF shares for the underlying shares of stock. The ETF creation unit ...
See also:Exchange-traded fund, Exchange-traded fund - Creation and redemption of shares, Exchange-traded fund - Usage, Exchange-traded fund - History, Exchange-traded fund - ETFs vs. open-ended funds, Exchange-traded fund - Top U.S. ETFs, Exchange-traded fund - Top Republic of Korea ETFs Read more here: » Exchange-traded fund: Encyclopedia II - Exchange-traded fund - Creation and redemption of shares |
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| | | | open-ended: Encyclopedia II - Mutual fund - Picking a mutual fund Picking a mutual fund from among the thousands offered is not easy. The following is just a rough guide, with some common pitfalls.
Check with your tax advisor prior to investing in a tax-exempt or tax-managed fund.
Match the term of the investment to the time you expect to keep it invested. Money you may need right away (for example, if your car breaks down) should be in a money market account. Money you will not need until you retire in decades(or for a newborn's college education) should be in longer-term investments ...
See also:Mutual fund, Mutual fund - Usage, Mutual fund - Structure, Mutual fund - Open-end fund, Mutual fund - Exchange-traded funds, Mutual fund - Net asset value, Mutual fund - Share class, Mutual fund - Turnover, Mutual fund - Load, Mutual fund - History, Mutual fund - Picking a mutual fund, Mutual fund - Scandals, Mutual fund - Criticism of mutual funds Read more here: » Mutual fund: Encyclopedia II - Mutual fund - Picking a mutual fund |
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| | | | open-ended: Encyclopedia II - Frontier computer game - Compared with Elite Frontier has better graphics than Elite, but this is mostly due to the differences in the underlying computer platforms—the Amiga, Atari ST and IBM PC offer much more power than the BBC Micro and Commodore 64.
The graphics engine was advanced for its time, featuring curved polygons, and texture mapping in the PC version. The range of scales covered is surpassed only by the yet to be released Spore. It was, for example, possible to do realistic gravitational slingshots around supermassive stars, and in the same engine fly close enoug ...
See also:Frontier computer game, Frontier computer game - Game play, Frontier computer game - Compared with Elite, Frontier computer game - Music, Frontier computer game - Box Contents, Frontier computer game - Bugs, Frontier computer game - Frontier in the media, Frontier computer game - Trivia, Frontier computer game - Successors Read more here: » Frontier computer game: Encyclopedia II - Frontier computer game - Compared with Elite |
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