Oliver Cromwell - Religious beliefs

Cromwell's understanding of religion and politics were very closely intertwined. Cromwell was a committed "Puritan", Calvinist, Protestant, who deny free-will and believe that salvation is not something earned by works, nor something one chooses or decides but is a gracious gift of God by faith alone in Jesus Christ. He was passionately opposed to the Roman Catholic Church, which he saw as denying the primacy of the Bible in favour of Papal and Clerical authority, and which he blamed for tyranny and persecution of Protestants in Europe. For ...

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Oliver Cromwell, Oliver Cromwell - Family, Oliver Cromwell - Member of Parliament, Oliver Cromwell - Religious beliefs, Oliver Cromwell - Military Commander, Oliver Cromwell - Execution of the king, Oliver Cromwell - Ireland and Scotland, Oliver Cromwell - Political rule, Oliver Cromwell - Death and posthumous execution, Oliver Cromwell - Commemoration, Oliver Cromwell - Quotes, Oliver Cromwell - Miscellaneous, Oliver Cromwell - Footnotes

Read more here: » Oliver Cromwell: Encyclopedia II - Oliver Cromwell - Religious beliefs

See also: Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, Irish Confederate Wars, and Scottish Civil War. Cromwell's actions made him very unpopular in Scotland and Ireland which, as previously independent nations, were effectively conquered by English forces during the civil wars. In particular, Cromwell's brutal suppression of the Royalists in Ireland, during 1649, still has a strong resonance for many Irish people. The most enduring symbol of this brutality is the siege of Drogheda in September 1649. The massacre of nearly 3,500 people in ...

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Oliver Cromwell, Oliver Cromwell - Family, Oliver Cromwell - Member of Parliament, Oliver Cromwell - Religious beliefs, Oliver Cromwell - Military Commander, Oliver Cromwell - Execution of the king, Oliver Cromwell - Ireland and Scotland, Oliver Cromwell - Political rule, Oliver Cromwell - Death and posthumous execution, Oliver Cromwell - Commemoration, Oliver Cromwell - Quotes, Oliver Cromwell - Miscellaneous, Oliver Cromwell - Footnotes

Read more here: » Oliver Cromwell: Encyclopedia II - Oliver Cromwell - Ireland and Scotland

Mr Lely, I desire you would use all your skill to paint your picture truly like me, and not flatter me at all; but remark all these roughness, pimples, warts, and everything as you see me. Otherwise, I will never pay a farthing for it. To the Irish Catholic defenders of New Ross in 1649, while negotiating its surrender: I wish to meddle with no man's conscience, but if by liberty of conscience you mean liberty to exercise the Mass, I think it best to deal in plain speaking, that will not be allowed of.

Cromwell was (likely in absence) called Copper Nose, for a brownish tinge on his nose. In 1989, Monty Python wrote a song called "Oliver Cromwell", which told the entire career of Cromwell to the tune of Frederic Chopin's Polonaise Op.53 in A flat major. It is available on their compilation album Monty Python Sings. The Elvis Costello song Oliver's Army is a named after Cromwell. The Pogues ...

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Oliver Cromwell, Oliver Cromwell - Family, Oliver Cromwell - Member of Parliament, Oliver Cromwell - Religious beliefs, Oliver Cromwell - Military Commander, Oliver Cromwell - Execution of the king, Oliver Cromwell - Ireland and Scotland, Oliver Cromwell - Political rule, Oliver Cromwell - Death and posthumous execution, Oliver Cromwell - Commemoration, Oliver Cromwell - Quotes, Oliver Cromwell - Miscellaneous, Oliver Cromwell - Footnotes

Read more here: » Oliver Cromwell: Encyclopedia II - Oliver Cromwell - Miscellaneous

Cromwell suffered from malaria and from "stone", a common term for urinary/kidney infections. Yet, he was in generally-good health. He was struck by a sudden bout of 'malaria', followed directly by an attack of urinary/kidney symptoms. Although weakened, he was optimistic about the future, as were his attendants. A Venetian diplomat, also a physician, was visiting at the time and tracked Cromwell's final illness. It was his opinion that The Lord Protector's personal physicians ...

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Oliver Cromwell, Oliver Cromwell - Family, Oliver Cromwell - Member of Parliament, Oliver Cromwell - Religious beliefs, Oliver Cromwell - Military Commander, Oliver Cromwell - Execution of the king, Oliver Cromwell - Ireland and Scotland, Oliver Cromwell - Political rule, Oliver Cromwell - Death and posthumous execution, Oliver Cromwell - Commemoration, Oliver Cromwell - Quotes, Oliver Cromwell - Miscellaneous, Oliver Cromwell - Footnotes

Read more here: » Oliver Cromwell: Encyclopedia II - Oliver Cromwell - Death and posthumous execution

In the wake of the Army's 1648 recapture of the King, the monarchy was abolished; and between 1649 and 1653 the country became nominally a "republic", a rarity in Europe at that time. The republic was known as the Commonwealth of England. However, (at least in the eyes of his detractors), Cromwell ruled in practice as a military dictator. Many of Cromwell's actions upon gaining power were decried by some commentators as "harsh, unwise, and tyrannical". He was often ruthless (though perhaps no more than was then expected) in putting do ...

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Oliver Cromwell, Oliver Cromwell - Family, Oliver Cromwell - Member of Parliament, Oliver Cromwell - Religious beliefs, Oliver Cromwell - Military Commander, Oliver Cromwell - Execution of the king, Oliver Cromwell - Ireland and Scotland, Oliver Cromwell - Political rule, Oliver Cromwell - Death and posthumous execution, Oliver Cromwell - Commemoration, Oliver Cromwell - Quotes, Oliver Cromwell - Miscellaneous, Oliver Cromwell - Footnotes

Read more here: » Oliver Cromwell: Encyclopedia II - Oliver Cromwell - Political rule

Cromwell's influence as a military commander and politician during the English Civil War dramatically altered the military and the political landscape of the British Isles. Having joined the Parliamentary Army with no military experience at the age of 43, he recruited a cavalry unit, and gained experience and victories in a succession of battles in East Anglia. Cromwell famously recruited his officers based upon merit rather than on the basis of noble birth, saying: "I would rather have a plain russet-coated captain who knows what ...

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Oliver Cromwell, Oliver Cromwell - Family, Oliver Cromwell - Member of Parliament, Oliver Cromwell - Religious beliefs, Oliver Cromwell - Military Commander, Oliver Cromwell - Execution of the king, Oliver Cromwell - Ireland and Scotland, Oliver Cromwell - Political rule, Oliver Cromwell - Death and posthumous execution, Oliver Cromwell - Commemoration, Oliver Cromwell - Quotes, Oliver Cromwell - Miscellaneous, Oliver Cromwell - Footnotes

Read more here: » Oliver Cromwell: Encyclopedia II - Oliver Cromwell - Military Commander

Oliver Cromwell descended from Catherine Cromwell (born circa 1483), an older sister of Tudor statesman Thomas Cromwell. Catherine was married to Morgan ap Williams, son of William ap Yevan and Joan Tudor. There is speculation that Joan was an illegitimate daughter of Jasper Tudor, 1st Duke of Bedford. Although Catherine married, her children kept her name; possibly to maintain their connection with their famous uncle. The family line continued through Richard Cromwell (c. 1500–1544), Henry Cromwell (c. 1524–January 6, 1603), then ...

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Oliver Cromwell, Oliver Cromwell - Family, Oliver Cromwell - Member of Parliament, Oliver Cromwell - Religious beliefs, Oliver Cromwell - Military Commander, Oliver Cromwell - Execution of the king, Oliver Cromwell - Ireland and Scotland, Oliver Cromwell - Political rule, Oliver Cromwell - Death and posthumous execution, Oliver Cromwell - Commemoration, Oliver Cromwell - Quotes, Oliver Cromwell - Miscellaneous, Oliver Cromwell - Footnotes

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Having decided against following an uncle to Virginia, Cromwell instead became the Member of Parliament for Huntingdon in the Parliament of 1628–1629. His maiden speech was the defence of a radical democrat, who had argued in an unauthorised pamphlet in favour of "giving the vote to all men". Oliver was also prominent in defending the people of The Fens from wealthy landowners, who wanted to drive them off their land. Charles I ruled without a Parliament for the next eleven years (having dissolved Parliament), and alienated many peo ...

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Oliver Cromwell, Oliver Cromwell - Family, Oliver Cromwell - Member of Parliament, Oliver Cromwell - Religious beliefs, Oliver Cromwell - Military Commander, Oliver Cromwell - Execution of the king, Oliver Cromwell - Ireland and Scotland, Oliver Cromwell - Political rule, Oliver Cromwell - Death and posthumous execution, Oliver Cromwell - Commemoration, Oliver Cromwell - Quotes, Oliver Cromwell - Miscellaneous, Oliver Cromwell - Footnotes

Read more here: » Oliver Cromwell: Encyclopedia II - Oliver Cromwell - Member of Parliament