1387 - Events. June 2 - John Holland, a maternal half-brother of Richard II of England, is created Earl of Huntingdon. August 23 - Olaf IV of Norway/ Olaf III of Denmark dies. The vacant thrones come under the Regency of his mother Margaret I of Denmark who would soon become Queen in her own right. December 19 - Battle of Radcot Bridge: forces loyal to Richard II defeated by Henry Bolingbroke, Earl of Derby. Geoffrey Chaucer begins writing The Canterbury Tales. Queen Marg ...

Including:

• 1387 - Events
• 1387 - Births
• 1387 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1387: Encyclopedia - 1387

See also:

Olaf II of Norway, Olaf II of Norway - Concerning the king's name, Olaf II of Norway - Reign, Olaf II of Norway - Sainthood, Olaf II of Norway - Christianization, Olaf II of Norway - Olav's dynasty, Olaf II of Norway - Saint Olav

Read more here: » Olaf II of Norway: Encyclopedia II - Olaf II of Norway - Reign

Andover UK’s first mention in history is in 950 when King Edred is recording as having built a royal hunting lodge there. In 962 King Edgar called a meeting of the Saxon 'parliament' his hunting lodge near Andover. Of more importance was the baptism, in 994 of the Viking leader Olaf Trygvason. This was part of a deal with King Ethelred II of England (“The Unready”) whereby he stopped ravaging England and returned home. Olaf became king of Norway in 995 and tried to convert his country to Chr ...

See also:

Andover Hampshire, Andover Hampshire - History, Andover Hampshire - Geography

Read more here: » Andover Hampshire: Encyclopedia II - Andover Hampshire - History

Andover UK’s first mention in history is in 950 when King Edred is recording as having built a royal hunting lodge there. In 962 King Edgar called a meeting of the Saxon 'parliament' his hunting lodge near Andover. Of more importance was the baptism, in 994 of the Viking leader Olaf Trygvason. This was part of a deal with King Ethelred II of England (“The Unready”) whereby he stopped ravaging England and returned home. Olaf became king of Norway in 995 and tried to convert his country to Ch ...

See also:

Andover, Hampshire, Andover, Hampshire - History, Andover, Hampshire - Geography

Read more here: » Andover, Hampshire: Encyclopedia II - Andover, Hampshire - History

The Elven blót was small scale and was celebrated at the homestead and led by its mistress. We don't know much about the rites, since it was surrounded by secrecy and strangers were not welcome during the time of the rituals. However, since the elves were collective powers closely connected with the ancestors we can assume that it had to do with the ancestor cult and the life force of the family. In Austrfaravísur, Sigvatr Þorðarson, the skald of Olaf II of Norway has related an event connected with the blót. Once, ...

See also:

Blót, Blót - Rites and beliefs, Blót - Dates for the blóts, Blót - Locations, Blót - Uppsala Sweden, Blót - Gotland, Blót - Lejre Denmark, Blót - Mære Norway, Blót - Elven blót, Blót - The Völse blót, Blót - Later times, Blót - Sources

Read more here: » Blót: Encyclopedia II - Blót - Elven blót

Völsa þáttr is a short story which is only extant in the Flatey Book, where it is found in a chapter of Ólofs saga Helga. It is probably from the 14th century but takes place in 1029 when Scandinavia was still largely pagan, and it appears to preserve traditions of a pagan phallos cult, the völsi (see also blót). Völsa þáttr - The worship. It relates that an old man and an old woman lived with their brisk son and intelligent daughter on a promontory far from other people. They ...

Including:

• Völsa þáttr - The worship
• Völsa þáttr - Enter king Olaf

Read more here: » Völsa þáttr: Encyclopedia - Völsa þáttr

The Blót was the pagan Germanic sacrifice to Norse gods and Elves. The word is related to the English word bless and they are derived from blood, an important component in the rites. Blót - Rites and beliefs. The verb blóta meant to "strengthen" and the intention was to strengthen the powers (gods and Elves). The most powerful means was the sacrificed object or being. It was usually animals and in particular pigs and horses. The meat was boiled in large cooking pits with heated stone ...

Including:

• Blót - Rites and beliefs
• Blót - Dates for the blóts
• Blót - Locations
• Blót - Uppsala Sweden
• Blót - Gotland
• Blót - Lejre Denmark
• Blót - Mære Norway
• Blót - Elven blót
• Blót - The Völse blót
• Blót - Later times
• Blót - Sources

Read more here: » Blót: Encyclopedia - Blót

1030 - Events. July 29 - Battle of Stiklestad in Norway. Olav Haraldsson loses to his pagan vassals and is wounded. July 30 - Olav Haraldsson dies of his wounds at the Battle of Stiklestad. He is later sainted. The city of Kaunas in Lithuania is founded. The city of Tartu in Estonia is founded. Earliest mention of Thalwil, Switzerland Henry I of France revolts against his father Robert 1030 - Births. July 26 - Stan ...

Including:

• 1030 - Events
• 1030 - Births
• 1030 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1030: Encyclopedia - 1030

It relates that an old man and an old woman lived with their brisk son and intelligent daughter on a promontory far from other people. They also had a male and a female thrall. When the thrall had butchered a horse and was to throw away the penis, the boy ran past, took it and went to the place where his mother, sister and the slave woman were sitting. There he joked at the slave woman telling her that the organ would not be dull between her legs, whereupon the slave woman laughed. The daughter asked her brother to throw away the disg ...

See also:

Völsa þáttr, Völsa þáttr - The worship, Völsa þáttr - Enter king Olaf

Read more here: » Völsa þáttr: Encyclopedia II - Völsa þáttr - The worship

Germanic paganism - Tacitus. The first description of Germanic religion is Tacitus' Germania, dating to the 1st century. Tacitus describes both animal and human sacrifice. The chief Germanic god he identifies with Roman Mercury, who on certain days receives human sacrifices, while gods identified by Tacitus with Hercules and Mars receive animal sacrifice. The Suebians also make ...

See also:

Germanic paganism, Germanic paganism - Proto-Germanic religion, Germanic paganism - Pre-Migration Period, Germanic paganism - Tacitus, Germanic paganism - Migration Age, Germanic paganism - Viking Age, Germanic paganism - Middle Ages

Read more here: » Germanic paganism: Encyclopedia II - Germanic paganism - Pre-Migration Period

Bjarkamál is an ancient verse: in battle, Bjarki slays a major enemy of the Danes, Agnarr Ingjaldsson, and as a reward he is offered Hrút, the sister of the viking king Rolf Kraki, in marriage. In an ambush on Lejre led by the deceitful Hjörvarðr, Bjarki, his king and warriors are slain. This is most likely part of history i.e. tales depicting the bloody feud between the Danes and the Hadbards. ...

See also:

Bjarkamál, Bjarkamál - Ancient mythform, Bjarkamál - Second mythform, Bjarkamál - Earliest mythform

Read more here: » Bjarkamál: Encyclopedia II - Bjarkamál - Ancient mythform

Halfdan the Old - Hyndluljód. The eddic poem Hyndluljód states in verses 14–16: "Of old the noblest     of all was Áli, Before him Halfdan,     foremost of Skjöldungs [Skjǫldungar]; Famed were the battles     the hero fought, To the corners of heaven     his deeds were carried. "Strengthened by Eymund [Eymundr],     the strongest of men, Sigtrygg [Sigtryggr] he slew     ...

See also:

Halfdan the Old, Halfdan the Old - Halfdan the Old ancestor of many lineages, Halfdan the Old - Hyndluljód, Halfdan the Old - Skáldskaparmál, Halfdan the Old - Ættartolur, Halfdan the Old - Halfdan the Old of Gór's lineage, Halfdan the Old - Variant spellings

Read more here: » Halfdan the Old: Encyclopedia II - Halfdan the Old - Halfdan the Old ancestor of many lineages

A swung dash (~) is used to indicate where the personal name occurs in the nickname; thus "~ the Accursed" means "Sviatopolk the Accursed". List of monarchs by nickname - A. "~ the Accursed": Sviatopolk I of Kiev (Russian: Святопо́лк Окая́нный) "~ (the) Ætheling" (Old English, "Princeling"): Edgar Ætheling of England (Old English Eadgar Æþeling) "~ the Affable": Charles VIII of France (Frenc ...

See also:

List of monarchs by nickname, List of monarchs by nickname - Cognomen, List of monarchs by nickname - A, List of monarchs by nickname - B, List of monarchs by nickname - C, List of monarchs by nickname - D, List of monarchs by nickname - E, List of monarchs by nickname - F, List of monarchs by nickname - G, List of monarchs by nickname - H, List of monarchs by nickname - I, List of monarchs by nickname - J, List of monarchs by nickname - K, List of monarchs by nickname - L, List of monarchs by nickname - M, List of monarchs by nickname - N, List of monarchs by nickname - O, List of monarchs by nickname - P, List of monarchs by nickname - Q, List of monarchs by nickname - R, List of monarchs by nickname - S, List of monarchs by nickname - T, List of monarchs by nickname - U, List of monarchs by nickname - V, List of monarchs by nickname - W, List of monarchs by nickname - Y, List of monarchs by nickname - Sobriquets

Read more here: » List of monarchs by nickname: Encyclopedia II - List of monarchs by nickname - Cognomen

During the 8th Century, Norway was controlled by several local strong kings having control over their regional areas. At the end of the century, King Harald Fairhair (ON Haraldr Hárfagri) managed, in no little part due to the military superiority gained by his alliance with Sigurd Ladejarl of Nidaros, to subjugate these mini-kingdoms, and created the first unified Norwegian state. This alliance folded after Harald's death, together with the infant state. The Lade family and various decendants of Harald Fairhair would spend the ...

See also:

Battle of Stiklestad, Battle of Stiklestad - History, Battle of Stiklestad - Evaluation

Read more here: » Battle of Stiklestad: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Stiklestad - History

Under his son and successor Olof, surnamed Skötkonung, Christianity was fully established in Sweden. Olaf Tryggvason, the king of Norway, had married his sister Ingibiorg to Ragnvald, earl of Westrogothia, on condition that he should receive baptism, and the Swedish king’s wife was also a Christian, though he himself was not baptized until 1008 by Sigfrid at Husaby. A quarrel arose in the last years of the 10th century between Olaf Skötkonung and Olaf Tryggvason. The latter had applied for the hand of Sigrid, the widow of Eric the Victor ...

See also:

Early Swedish history, Early Swedish history - 9th century, Early Swedish history - 10th century, Early Swedish history - Christianization and struggle for power, Early Swedish history - The first union of Sweden and Norway, Early Swedish history - Kalmar Union

Read more here: » Early Swedish history: Encyclopedia II - Early Swedish history - Christianization and struggle for power

Germanic paganism - Caesar. The earliest forms of Germanic religion can only be speculated on based on archaeological evidence and comparative religion. The first written description is in Julius Caesar's Commentarii de Bello Gallico. He contrasts the elaborate religious custom of the Gauls with the primitive German traditions. The Germans differ much from these usages, for they have neither Druids to preside over sacred offices, nor do they pay great regard to sacrifices. They rank in the ...

See also:

Germanic paganism, Germanic paganism - Sources, Germanic paganism - Pre-Migration Period, Germanic paganism - Caesar, Germanic paganism - Tacitus, Germanic paganism - Reconstruction, Germanic paganism - Migration Age, Germanic paganism - Viking Age, Germanic paganism - Middle Ages

Read more here: » Germanic paganism: Encyclopedia II - Germanic paganism - Pre-Migration Period

The verb blóta meant to "strengthen" and the intention was to strengthen the powers (gods and Elves). The most powerful means was the sacrificed object or being. It was usually animals and in particular pigs and horses. The meat was boiled in large cooking pits with heated stones, either indoors or outdoors. The blood was considered to contain special powers and it was sprinkled on the statues of the gods, on th ...

See also:

Blót, Blót - Rites and beliefs, Blót - Dates for the blóts, Blót - Locations, Blót - Uppsala Sweden, Blót - Gotland, Blót - Lejre Denmark, Blót - Mære Norway, Blót - Elven blót, Blót - The Völse blót, Blót - Later times, Blót - Sources

Read more here: » Blót: Encyclopedia II - Blót - Rites and beliefs

Snorri Sturluson relates of a meeting between the peasants of Trøndelag and king Haakon I of Norway, a meeting which ended in a religious feud centered around the blót. Haakon was raised at the Christian English court and had returned to claim the throne of his father Harald Fairhair (the unifier of Norway) and intended to Christianize the country. In spite of the fact that the peasants had elected Haakon king at the Ting they opposed his religious ideas. It was an old custom, that when there was to be sacrifice all the bon ...

See also:

Blót, Blót - Rites and beliefs, Blót - Dates for the blóts, Blót - Locations, Blót - Uppsala, Sweden, Blót - Gotland, Blót - Lejre, Denmark, Blót - Mære, Norway, Blót - Elven blót, Blót - The Völse blót, Blót - Later times, Blót - Sources

Read more here: » Blót: Encyclopedia II - Blót - Mære, Norway

Main articles: Old Uppsala and Temple at Uppsala. The German chronicler Adam of Bremen has described how it was done at the Temple at Uppsala at Old Uppsala in Sweden, ca 1070: Thor was the most powerful god and ruled over thunder and lightning, wind and rain, sunshine and crops. He sat in the centre with a sceptre (Mjolnir) in his hand, and on each side were Odin, the god of war, in full armour and Frey, the god of peace and love, attributed with an enormous erected phallus. All the pagan gods have their priests w ...

See also:

Blót, Blót - Rites and beliefs, Blót - Dates for the blóts, Blót - Locations, Blót - Uppsala, Sweden, Blót - Gotland, Blót - Lejre, Denmark, Blót - Mære, Norway, Blót - Elven blót, Blót - The Völse blót, Blót - Later times, Blót - Sources

Read more here: » Blót: Encyclopedia II - Blót - Uppsala, Sweden

In 1000 AD, Iceland became nominally Christian, although continuation of pagan worship in private was tolerated. Most of Scandinavia was Christianized during the 11th century. Adam von Bremen gives the last report of vigorous Norse paganism. Sometimes, the subjects of a lord who converted to Christianity refused to follow his lead (this happened to the Swedish kings Olof of Sweden, Anund Gårdske and Ingold I) and would sometimes force the lord ...

See also:

Germanic paganism, Germanic paganism - Sources, Germanic paganism - Pre-Migration Period, Germanic paganism - Caesar, Germanic paganism - Tacitus, Germanic paganism - Reconstruction, Germanic paganism - Migration Age, Germanic paganism - Viking Age, Germanic paganism - Middle Ages

Read more here: » Germanic paganism: Encyclopedia II - Germanic paganism - Middle Ages