The experience curve effect is broader in scope than the learning curve effect encompassing far more than just labour time. It states that the more often a task is performed, the lower will be the cost of doing it. The task can be the production of any good or service. Each time cumulative volume doubles, value added costs (including administration, marketing, distribution, and manufacturing) fall by a constant and predictable percentage. This broader effect was first noticed in the late 1960s by Bruce Henderson at the Boston Consulting Group (BCG). Research by BCG in the 1970s observed experience ...

See also:

Experience curve effects, Experience curve effects - The learning curve effect, Experience curve effects - The experience curve effect, Experience curve effects - Reasons for the effect, Experience curve effects - Experience curve discontinuities, Experience curve effects - Strategic consequences of the effect, Experience curve effects - Criticisms, Experience curve effects - Books and articles

Read more here: » Experience curve effects: Encyclopedia II - Experience curve effects - The experience curve effect

The Transcendental Argument for the existence of God differs from the arguments offered by Aquinas who posits a God to avoid an infinite regress of causes or motions. TAG posits the existence of God to halt an endless inquiry into deeper and deeper precursors of natural or moral laws. One formulation of the TAG follows: We observe regularities of succession in the cosmos, such as the principles of biology, and we discern that biology is rooted deeper in the principles of chemistry. Probing further, we learn that chemistry is rooted in ...

See also:

Transcendental argument for the existence of God, Transcendental argument for the existence of God - Transcendental reasoning, Transcendental argument for the existence of God - The argument, Transcendental argument for the existence of God - TAG teleology, Transcendental argument for the existence of God - TAG ethics, Transcendental argument for the existence of God - TAG and Christianity, Transcendental argument for the existence of God - More information

Read more here: » Transcendental argument for the existence of God: Encyclopedia II - Transcendental argument for the existence of God - The argument

There are substantial differences between online poker gaming and conventional, in-person gaming. One obvious difference is that players do not sit right across from each other, removing any ability to observe others' reactions and body language. Instead, online poker players learn to focus more keenly on betting patterns, reaction time and other behavior tells that are not physical in nature. Since poker is a game that requires adaptability, ...

See also:

Online poker, Online poker - Overview, Online poker - Legality, Online poker - Integrity and fairness, Online poker - Differences between online and conventional poker, Online poker - Tracking play, Online poker - Online poker portal

Read more here: » Online poker: Encyclopedia II - Online poker - Differences between online and conventional poker

Third eye Tien's third eye has numerous capabilities. Enhanced sight: Tien has significantly better vision than normal. This does, however, make him weak against the Taiyô-ken technique. Kousengan: A thin laser-like energy beam shot from Tien's third eye. It can stun his opponents. Copy Attack: Tien can observe and learn the attacks of his opponents. During the 22nd Tenka'ichi Budôkai, he used this ability to mimic Yamcha's Kamehameha in his battle against Jackie Chun. He also uses it later to learn the Mafuba t ...

See also:

Tenshinhan, Tenshinhan - Biography, Tenshinhan - Dragon Ball, Tenshinhan - Dragon Ball Z, Tenshinhan - Dragon Ball GT, Tenshinhan - Special abilities, Tenshinhan - Fighting techniques, Tenshinhan - Differences in the anime from the manga

Read more here: » Tenshinhan: Encyclopedia II - Tenshinhan - Special abilities

World of cause-awakened ones

(Jpn.: engaku-kai)

Also, realm of cause-awakened ones or world of realization. The eighth of the Ten Worlds and one of the four noble worlds. Cause-awakened ones (Skt pratyekabuddha ) are those who awaken to the impermanence of all phenomena by perceiving the twelve-linked chain of causation or by observing natural phenomena. While they seek personal emancipation, they tend not to share it with others. For this reason, various sutras describe them as being reprimanded by Shakyamuni Buddha.

When viewed as a state of life, the world of cause-awakened ones is a condition in which one perceives the transience of all things and strives to free oneself from the sufferings of the six paths, seeking to learn the way to self-improve-ment through personal effort and direct observation of the world. In this world, a sense of the impermanence of all things causes one to aspire for something eternal and unchanging. The world of cause-awakened ones and that of voice-hearers constitute the two vehicles. In The Object of Devotion for Observing the Mind, Nichiren states: "The fact that all things in this world are transient is perfectly clear to us. Is this not because the worlds of the two vehicles are present in the human world?".

(See also: World of cause-awakened ones, Enlightenment, Buddhism Enlightenment, Buddhism Enlightenment Dictionary)

Simulations in education are somewhat like training simulations. They focus on specific tasks. In the past,video has been used for teachers and education students to observe, problem solve and role play; however, a more recent use of simulations in education include animated narrative vignettes (ANV). ANVs are cartoon-like video narratives of hypothetical and reality-based stories involving classroom teaching and learning. ANVs have been used to assess knowledge, problem solving skills and dispositions ...

See also:

Simulation, Simulation - Physical and interactive simulation, Simulation - Simulation in training, Simulation - Medical Simulators, Simulation - City Simulators / Urban Simulation, Simulation - Flight simulators, Simulation - Simulation and games, Simulation - Engineering simulation, Simulation - Computer simulation, Simulation - Simulation in computer science, Simulation - Simulation in education

Read more here: » Simulation: Encyclopedia II - Simulation - Simulation in education

Simulations in education are somewhat like training simulations. They focus on specific tasks. In the past,video has been used for teachers and education students to observe, problem solve and role play; however, a more recent use of simulations in education include animated narrative vignettes (ANV). ANVs are cartoon-like video narratives of hypothetical and reality based stories involving classroom teaching and learning. ANVs have been used to assess knowledge, problem solving skills and disposit ...

See also:

Simulation, Simulation - Physical and interactive simulation, Simulation - Simulation in training, Simulation - Medical Simulators, Simulation - City Simulators / Urban Simulation, Simulation - Flight simulators, Simulation - Simulation and games, Simulation - Engineering simulation, Simulation - Computer simulation, Simulation - Simulation in computer science, Simulation - Simulation in education

Read more here: » Simulation: Encyclopedia II - Simulation - Simulation in education

Isane wears her silver-purple hair short with some long loose strands and beads. She wears the standard shinigami uniform. She appears to be adept at kidō (demon arts), possibly being the second best healer in Soul Society, and she was able to track and inform all seated shinigami and the drifters (Ichigo and his company) about the location of Sōsuke Aizen when she and Retsu Unohana learned of his treachery. She is the older sister of Kiyone Kotetsu, one of the two third seats in the 13th division. Unlike Kiyone, she is generally quiet and observant, but also shares her sister's sense of loyalty. ...

See also:

Isane Kotetsu, Isane Kotetsu - Character outline, Isane Kotetsu - Itegumo

Read more here: » Isane Kotetsu: Encyclopedia II - Isane Kotetsu - Character outline

Color represents diversity and a depth of feeling beyond that which the majority of society enjoys. In The Giver, however, objects do not "gain" color through intense emotional experiences on the part of their observers; rather, Jonas learns to see the colors which objects intrinsically possess. Apparently, the transition to Sameness involved removing color vision from the people, although the Giver implies that genetic engineers also attempted (without total success) to remove the variability in the human population (even li ...

See also:

The Giver, The Giver - Synopsis, The Giver - Themes, The Giver - Characters, The Giver - Origins, The Giver - History and critical reception, The Giver - Reviews and awards, The Giver - Classroom use, The Giver - Inspirations and Adaptations, The Giver - Controversy

Read more here: » The Giver: Encyclopedia II - The Giver - Themes

The Order first appears in Small Gods where they are described as having the responsibility of observing significant events so that they become history, instead of just things happening. They also have responsibility to see history follows the right track, as set out in the huge History Books. In Thief of Time we learn this is a simplification, and the main role of the monastery is to ensure anything happens at all. To do this, they have a number of methods for moving and storing time, namely one by means of spinning cyl ...

See also:

History Monks, History Monks - The role of The Order, History Monks - Members, History Monks - Lu-Tze, History Monks - Lobsang Ludd, History Monks - Other members

Read more here: » History Monks: Encyclopedia II - History Monks - The role of The Order

When Hitler declared war against the United States on December 11, 1941, that country was in a fortunate position. Where the other combatants had already lost thousands of trained sailors and airmen, and were experiencing shortages of ships and aircraft, the USA was at full strength. America had had the opportunity to learn about modern naval warfare by observing the conflicts in the North Sea and the Mediterranean, and through a close relationship with the United Kingdom. The US Navy already gained significant experience countering U-boats ...

See also:

Second happy time, Second happy time - Background, Second happy time - Opening moves

Read more here: » Second happy time: Encyclopedia II - Second happy time - Background

Gregory is the only pope between the 5th and the 11th centuries whose correspondence and writings have survived enough to form a comprehensive corpus. "His character strikes us as an ambiguous and enigmatic one," Norman F. Cantor observed (Cantor, 1993, p. 157). "On the one hand he was an able and determined administrator, a skilled and clever diplomat, a leader of the greatest sophistication and vision; but on the other hand, he appears in his writings as a superstitious and credulous monk, hostile to learning, crudely limited as a t ...

See also:

Pope Gregory I, Pope Gregory I - Confrontation with Eutychius, Pope Gregory I - Gregory as pope, Pope Gregory I - Lombards, Pope Gregory I - Servus servorum Dei, Pope Gregory I - Works, Pope Gregory I - Bibliography

Read more here: » Pope Gregory I: Encyclopedia II - Pope Gregory I - Works

The imperial crown was offered to, and refused by, Enrico Dandolo, Doge of Venice. The choice then lay between Baldwin and Boniface of Montferrat. Baldwin was elected on May 9, 1204, and crowned on May 16. He was young, gallant, pious, and virtuous, one of the few who interpreted and observed his crusading vows strictly; the most popular leader in the host. Baldwin's wife Marie, unaware of these events, had sailed to Acre. There she learned of her husband's election as emperor, but ...

See also:

Baldwin I of Constantinople, Baldwin I of Constantinople - Early life, Baldwin I of Constantinople - Count of Flanders and Hainaut, Baldwin I of Constantinople - Latin Emperor, Baldwin I of Constantinople - Children and Successors, Baldwin I of Constantinople - The False Baldwin

Read more here: » Baldwin I of Constantinople: Encyclopedia II - Baldwin I of Constantinople - Latin Emperor

One writer for the " alternative" journalism collaborative, the Independent Media Center, writes the following in a call to action: Classic tenets of journalism call for objectivity and neutrality. These are antiquated principles no longer universally observed.... We must absolutely not feel bound by them. If we are ever to create meaningful change, advocacy journalism will be the single most crucial element to enable the necessary organizing. It is therefore very important that we learn how to be successful advocacy journalists. For many ...

See also:

Advocacy journalism, Advocacy journalism - Advocacy journalism and U.S. media bias, Advocacy journalism - Perspectives from advocacy journalists, Advocacy journalism - History, Advocacy journalism - Objectivity, Advocacy journalism - Investigative reporting, Advocacy journalism - Criticism of advocacy journalism

Read more here: » Advocacy journalism: Encyclopedia II - Advocacy journalism - Perspectives from advocacy journalists

In the early 1800s, the Norwegian Army decided that the nature of warfare was changing away from the massed ranks firing in volleys towards smaller units advancing and firing independently. This conclusion was reached after having observed the American Revolutionary War, the Napoleonic Wars and the short Swedish campaign against Norway in 1814. Lessons were also learned from the Gunboat War, where small, mobile gunboats outmaneuvered larger, more heavily armed ships. It was decided that a breech loaded rifle was needed, more accurate than th ...

See also:

Kammerlader, Kammerlader - Development, Kammerlader - Design features, Kammerlader - Ammunition, Kammerlader - Modification to rimfire, Kammerlader - Models, Kammerlader - Fate of the kammerladers, Kammerlader - Comparison with contemporary rifles, Kammerlader - Norwegian rifles, Kammerlader - Contemporary rifles, Kammerlader - Earlier breechloading rifles, Kammerlader - Notes

Read more here: » Kammerlader: Encyclopedia II - Kammerlader - Development

The research methods used in educational psychology tend to be drawn from psychology and other social sciences. There is also a history of significant methodological innovation by educational psychologists, or psychologists investigating educational problems. Research methods address problems in both research design and data analysis. Research design informs the planning of experiments and observational studies to ensure that their results have internal, external and ecological validity. Data analysis encompasses methods for processing both ...

See also:

Educational psychology, Educational psychology - Social moral and cognitive development, Educational psychology - Individual differences and disabilities, Educational psychology - Learning and cognition, Educational psychology - Behavioral perspective, Educational psychology - Cognitive perspective, Educational psychology - Social cognitive theory, Educational psychology - Constructivist perspective, Educational psychology - Motivation, Educational psychology - Research methods, Educational psychology - Educational psychology for teaching, Educational psychology - Educational psychology for instructional design and technology, Educational psychology - History of educational psychology, Educational psychology - Careers in educational psychology, Educational psychology - Influential educational psychologists and theorists, Educational psychology - Research journals, Educational psychology - Sources

Read more here: » Educational psychology: Encyclopedia II - Educational psychology - Research methods

Educational psychology cannot claim priority in the systematic analysis of educational processes. Philosophers of education such as Democritus, Quintilian, Vives and Comenius, had examined, classified and judged the methods of education centuries before the beginnings of psychology in the late 1800s. Instead, aspirations of the new discipline rested on the application of the scientific methods of observation and experimentation to educational problems. Even in the earliest years of the discipline, educational psychologists recognized the lim ...

See also:

Educational psychology, Educational psychology - Social moral and cognitive development, Educational psychology - Individual differences and disabilities, Educational psychology - Learning and cognition, Educational psychology - Behavioral perspective, Educational psychology - Cognitive perspective, Educational psychology - Social cognitive theory, Educational psychology - Constructivist perspective, Educational psychology - Motivation, Educational psychology - Research methods, Educational psychology - Educational psychology for teaching, Educational psychology - Educational psychology for instructional design and technology, Educational psychology - History of educational psychology, Educational psychology - Careers in educational psychology, Educational psychology - Influential educational psychologists and theorists, Educational psychology - Research journals, Educational psychology - Sources

Read more here: » Educational psychology: Encyclopedia II - Educational psychology - History of educational psychology

EUTONY

Derived from eu, meaning good, and tonus meaning tone or tension, eutony was developed by Gerda Alexander of Germany (1908–1984) during her work in Denmark. It is based on the theory that there is a constant interaction between muscular tone and psychic activity.

Acting upon muscle tone can affect the whole being and regulate the breathing, circulation, etc. The client learns how to adjust his own tonus through the observation of his sensations in various situations. He will explore the body’s perceptions - from the skin to the bones - in movement, in relaxation, during activity, and at rest. Professional training is an individual process lasting four years, the last year being devoted to practicum and exams.

(See also: EUTONY, Alternative Health, Massage, Bodywork, Body Mind and Soul)

Despite this dramatic result, Semmelweis refused to communicate his method officially to the learned circles of Vienna, nor was he eager to explain it on paper. Ferdinand von Hebra finally wrote two articles in his behalf but although foreign physicians and the leading members of the Viennese school were impressed by Semmelweis' apparent discovery the papers failed to generate widespread support. His observations went against the current scientific opinion of the time, which blamed diseases (among other quite odd causes) on an imbalance of t ...

See also:

Ignaz Semmelweis, Ignaz Semmelweis - Early history, Ignaz Semmelweis - Discovery of the importance of hygiene, Ignaz Semmelweis - Rejection by the medical establishment, Ignaz Semmelweis - Breakdown and death

Read more here: » Ignaz Semmelweis: Encyclopedia II - Ignaz Semmelweis - Rejection by the medical establishment

Believing they are only worth what they contribute, Fives have learned to withdraw, to watch with keen eyes and speak only when they can shake the world with their observations. Sometimes they do just that. Sometimes, instead, they withdraw from the world, becoming reclusive hermits and fending off social contact with abrasive cynicism. ...

See also:

Five Enneagram, Five Enneagram - Basic Description, Five Enneagram - 'Fuels' that drive the type focus of attention, Five Enneagram - Levels of Development, Five Enneagram - Childhood, Five Enneagram - Wings, Five Enneagram - Five With A Four Wing: The Iconoclast, Five Enneagram - Five With A Six Wing: The Problem Solver, Five Enneagram - Instinctual Variants of Type Five, Five Enneagram - Self-Preservational Instinctual Variant, Five Enneagram - Social Instinctual Variant, Five Enneagram - Sexual Instinctual Variant, Five Enneagram - Antidotes for personal growth

Read more here: » Five Enneagram: Encyclopedia II - Five Enneagram - Basic Description

Adrishta (Sanskrit) (from a not + the verbal root dris to see, learn, perceive with the mind or intuition)

Unseen, unforeseen, invisible; an unforeseen danger. In philosophy, that which is beyond the reach or observation of the percipient consciousness. W. Q. Judge defines it as "the merit or demerit attaching to a man's conduct in a former incarnation, and the corresponding (apparently arbitrary) punishment or reward in the present or a future incarnation" (WG 2). This is clearly seen in the compound term adrishta-phala (unseen fruit), karma not yet come into force. Hence the connotation of fate, luck (sometimes bad luck) that is attached to adrishta. (BCW 5:580 connects with Kanada as "unseen force"; 4:61 with Nyayas as invisible principle)

(See also: Adrishta, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

To be considered a bonafide agent, an agent (software, hardware or otherwise) must exhibit the behavioural qualities of agenthood. Essentially this means perceiving the software environment through sensors and acting on the environment through actuators. This must be accomplished autonomously. Agents are one of the most prominent and attractive technologies in computer science at the beginning of the new millennium. The technologies, methods, and theories of agents and multiagent systems are currently contributing to many diver ...

See also:

Agent environment, Agent environment - Agents, Agent environment - Environments, Agent environment - Observable & partially observable, Agent environment - Deterministic stochastic & strategic, Agent environment - Episodic & sequential, Agent environment - Static & dynamic, Agent environment - Discrete & continuous, Agent environment - Single-agent & multiple agent, Agent environment - Overview of environments, Agent environment - Reference

Read more here: » Agent environment: Encyclopedia II - Agent environment - Agents