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observational | A Wisdom Archive on observational | | observational A selection of articles related to observational | |
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observational
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO observational | | | |  observational: Encyclopedia II - Science - Science and social concernsA basic understanding of science and technology has become indispensible for anyone living in a city or town, because technology - a product of science - has become an important part of peoples' lives. Science education aims at increasing common knowledge about science and widening social awareness. The process of learning science begins early in life for many people; school students start learning about science as soon as they acquire basic language skills, and science is always an essential part of curriculum. Science education is also a v ...
See also:Science, Science - What is science?, Science - Etymology, Science - Scientific method, Science - Philosophy of science, Science - Mathematics and the scientific method, Science - Goals of science, Science - Where science is practiced, Science - Science and social concerns, Science - Scientific literature, Science - Fields of science, Science - Natural sciences, Science - Social sciences, Science - Holistic interdisciplinary and applied sciences, Science - Environmental sciences, Science - External articles and references, Science - Textbooks, Science - News and articles, Science - Resources, Science - Further reading Read more here: » Science: Encyclopedia II - Science - Science and social concerns |
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| | | | | observational: Encyclopedia II - Science - Fields of science
Science - Natural sciences.
See also: #Social sciences
Physics
Acoustics
Agrophysics
Astrodynamics
Astronomy
Astrophysics
Atomic, Molecular, and Optical physics
Biophysics
Computational physics
Condensed matter physics
Cosmology
Cryogenics
Dynamics
Fluid dynamics
Materials physics
Mathematical physics
Mechanics
Nuclea ...
See also:Science, Science - What is science?, Science - Etymology, Science - Scientific method, Science - Philosophy of science, Science - Mathematics and the scientific method, Science - Goals of science, Science - Where science is practiced, Science - Science and social concerns, Science - Scientific literature, Science - Fields of science, Science - Natural sciences, Science - Social sciences, Science - Holistic interdisciplinary and applied sciences, Science - Environmental sciences, Science - External articles and references, Science - Textbooks, Science - News and articles, Science - Resources, Science - Further reading Read more here: » Science: Encyclopedia II - Science - Fields of science |
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| | | | | observational: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Introduction and definitions Though memeticists do not generally agree on a specific definition, one can roughly define 'meme' as any piece of information transferable from one mind to another. Examples might include thoughts, ideas, theories, practices, habits, songs, dances and moods. Different definitions of meme generally agree, very roughly, that a meme consists of some sort of a self-propagating unit of cultural evolution hav ...
See also:Meme, Meme - Introduction and definitions, Meme - Dawkins genetic analogy, Meme - Meme complexes and horizontal transmission, Meme - Historical usage of the meme concept, Meme - Quotation: Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Internet propagation, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Introduction and definitions |
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| | | | | observational: Encyclopedia II - Science - Where science is practiced Science is practiced in universities and other scientific institutes as well as in the field; as such it is a solid vocation in academia, but is also practiced by amateurs, who typically engage in the observational part of science.
Workers in corporate research laboratories also practice science, although their results are often deemed trade secrets and not published in public journals. Corporate and university scientists often cooperate, with the university scientists focusing on basic research and the corporate scientists applying t ...
See also:Science, Science - What is science?, Science - Etymology, Science - Scientific method, Science - Philosophy of science, Science - Mathematics and the scientific method, Science - Goals of science, Science - Where science is practiced, Science - Science and social concerns, Science - Scientific literature, Science - Fields of science, Science - Natural sciences, Science - Social sciences, Science - Holistic interdisciplinary and applied sciences, Science - Environmental sciences, Science - External articles and references, Science - Textbooks, Science - News and articles, Science - Resources, Science - Further reading Read more here: » Science: Encyclopedia II - Science - Where science is practiced |
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| | | | | observational: Encyclopedia II - Science - Philosophy of science The philosophy of science seeks to understand the nature and justification of scientific knowledge, and its ethical implications. It has proven difficult to provide an account of the scientific method that can serve to distinguish science from non-science.
Science is reasoned analysis of sensation upon our awareness. As such, the scientific method cannot deduce anything about the realm of reality that is beyond what is observable by existing or theoretical means. When a manifestation of our reality previously considered supernatural i ...
See also:Science, Science - What is science?, Science - Scientific method, Science - Philosophy of science, Science - Mathematics and the scientific method, Science - Goals of science, Science - Locations of science, Science - Science and social concerns, Science - Scientific literature, Science - Fields of science, Science - Natural sciences, Science - Social sciences, Science - Holistic interdisciplinary and applied sciences, Science - Environmental sciences, Science - Etymology, Science - External articles and references, Science - Textbooks, Science - News and articles, Science - Resources, Science - Further reading Read more here: » Science: Encyclopedia II - Science - Philosophy of science |
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| | | | | observational: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Memetics Memetics, the study of memes, remains a controversial field among many scientists and skeptics. Memetics originated when Richard Dawkins reduced the process of biological genetic evolution to its most fundamental unit: the replicator (or gene). Dawkins, in a search for parallels and other things that he might classify as replicators, suggested that the information and ideas in brains — culture, for example — could function as replicators as well. Computer software may represent another form of replicator with which evolution may eventually build grand things, whether socially as in the open source movement, or through th ...
See also:Meme, Meme - Basic introduction, Meme - History of the concept of the meme, Meme - Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples of memes, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Memetics |
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| | | | | observational: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Memetic engineering Memetic engineering consists of the process of developing memes, through meme-splicing and memetic synthesis, with the intent of altering the behavior of others. It consists of the process of creating and developing theories or ideologies based on an analytical study of societies, their ways of thinking and the evolution of the minds that comprise them.
Memes in themselves appear morally neutral; not necessarily good or bad. However the application of memes can have moral implications, such as controlling the thinking of others in cat ...
See also:Meme, Meme - Basic introduction, Meme - History of the concept of the meme, Meme - Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples of memes, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Memetic engineering |
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| | | | | observational: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Memetic evolution Memetic evolution, like genetic evolution, cannot happen without mutation. Mutation produces the essential variations, whereupon those variations that prove "better" at replication will become more common and therefore have a greater chance at replication again. However, unlike genetic evolution, memetic evolution seems to have no separate underlying genotype. If, for example, a mouse loses its tail or a bodybuilder lifts weights, the genetic information in their genotype, stored on their DNA, will remain unchanged, and when that genetic inf ...
See also:Meme, Meme - Basic introduction, Meme - History of the concept of the meme, Meme - Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples of memes, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Memetic evolution |
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| | | | | observational: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Ideas have a life of their own The old saying "Ideas have a life of their own" clearly encapsulates the "meme about memes". Keith Henson has traced this quote back to 1910 where an unknown interviewer of Gilbert Keith Chesterton used it - apparently as an old saying at that time. (Reported in alt.quotations [2])
This saying could possibly be traceable back to 1831, when Victor Hugo wrote the following: "...every thought, either philosophical or religious, is interested in perpetuating itself..." in his book Notre Dame de Paris (translated into English as ...
See also:Meme, Meme - Basic introduction, Meme - History of the concept of the meme, Meme - Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples of memes, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Ideas have a life of their own |
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| | | | | observational: Encyclopedia II - Meme - History of the concept of the meme The concept of the meme has a long history. Plato used the term eidos to speak of the immutable and eternal nature of an existing thing. The human mind acted upon this eidos, according to Plato, when reasoning about the world around it. Aristotle rejected this notion in favor of an abstraction and categorization of the world as perceived by the observer.
Descartes enquired into the nature and verifiablity of truth, uttering his famous expository phrase "Cogito ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am). John Locke and Da ...
See also:Meme, Meme - Basic introduction, Meme - History of the concept of the meme, Meme - Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples of memes, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - History of the concept of the meme |
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| | | | | observational: Encyclopedia II - Dane Cook - Talk Show Appearances He made his stand-up television debut on The Late Show with David Letterman on August 28, 1997. It would be the first of many notable appearances on late-night talk shows.
He co-hosted Jimmy Kimmel Live for a week in January 2004.
At one point on an appearance on May 27, 2005, he parodied Tom Cruise jumping the couch on Jimmy Kimmel's late-night show, showing off his "tattoo" of Katie Holmes (actually a picture taped to his back) and barging into the women's restroom to get her.
On October 4, 2005, he literally kissed Charlize Theron's butt after she allowed him ...
See also:Dane Cook, Dane Cook - Career, Dane Cook - 2005, Dane Cook - The Super Finger, Dane Cook - Talk Show Appearances, Dane Cook - Discography/Videography, Dane Cook - Filmography Read more here: » Dane Cook: Encyclopedia II - Dane Cook - Talk Show Appearances |
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| | | | | observational: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Basic introduction Though memeticists do not generally agree on a specific definition, one can roughly define 'meme' as any piece of information transferable from one mind to another. Examples might include thoughts, ideas, theories, practices, habits, songs, dances and moods.
Memes supposedly have, as their fundamental property, evolution via natural selection in a way very similar to Charles Darwin's ideas concerning biological evolution, on the premise that replication, mutation, survival and competition influence them. For example, while one idea ma ...
See also:Meme, Meme - Basic introduction, Meme - History of the concept of the meme, Meme - Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples of memes, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Basic introduction |
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| | | | | observational: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain In 1981 biologists Charles J. Lumsden and Edward Osborne Wilson published a theory of gene-culture coevolution in the book Genes, Mind, and Culture: The Coevolutionary Process. They pointed out that the fundamental biological units of culture must correspond to neuronal networks that function as nodes of semantic memory. Wilson later adopted the term 'meme' as the best existing name for the fundamental unit of cultural inheritance and elaborated upon the fundamental role of memes in unifying the natural and social sciences in his book Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge.
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See also:Meme, Meme - Basic introduction, Meme - History of the concept of the meme, Meme - Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples of memes, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain |
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| | | | | observational: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Examples of memes Crudely-stated versions of some common memes include:
Technology: cars, paper-clips, etc. Technology clearly demonstrates mutation as well, which memetic (or genetic) progress requires. Many paper-clip designs have emerged throughout history, for example, with varying degrees of longevity, fecundity and copying fidelity (i.e., memetic "success"). An often-cited example of "technology as meme" involves the building of a fire.
Jingles: advertising slogans set to an engaging melody
Earworms: songs that one can't s ...
See also:Meme, Meme - Basic introduction, Meme - History of the concept of the meme, Meme - Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples of memes, Meme - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Examples of memes |
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| | | | | observational: Encyclopedia II - Science - Science and social concerns A basic understanding of science and technology has become indispensible for anyone living in a city or town, because technology - a product of science - has become an important part of peoples' lives. Science education aims at increasing common knowledge about science and widening social awareness. The process of learning science begins early in life for many people; school students start learning about science as soon as they acquire basic language skills, and science is always an essential part of curriculum. Science education is also a v ...
See also:Science, Science - What is science?, Science - Scientific method, Science - Philosophy of science, Science - Mathematics and the scientific method, Science - Goals of science, Science - Locations of science, Science - Science and social concerns, Science - Scientific literature, Science - Fields of science, Science - Natural sciences, Science - Social sciences, Science - Holistic interdisciplinary and applied sciences, Science - Environmental sciences, Science - Etymology, Science - External articles and references, Science - Textbooks, Science - News and articles, Science - Resources, Science - Further reading Read more here: » Science: Encyclopedia II - Science - Science and social concerns |
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| | | | | observational: Encyclopedia II - Science - Fields of science
Science - Natural sciences.
See also: #Social sciences
Physics
Acoustics
Agrophysics
Astrodynamics
Astronomy
Astrophysics
Atomic, Molecular, and Optical physics
Biophysics
Computational physics
Condensed matter physics
Cosmology
Cryogenics
Dynamics
Fluid dynamics
Materials physics
Mathematical physics
Mechanics
Nuclea ...
See also:Science, Science - What is science?, Science - Scientific method, Science - Philosophy of science, Science - Mathematics and the scientific method, Science - Goals of science, Science - Locations of science, Science - Science and social concerns, Science - Scientific literature, Science - Fields of science, Science - Natural sciences, Science - Social sciences, Science - Holistic interdisciplinary and applied sciences, Science - Environmental sciences, Science - Etymology, Science - External articles and references, Science - Textbooks, Science - News and articles, Science - Resources, Science - Further reading Read more here: » Science: Encyclopedia II - Science - Fields of science |
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| | | | | observational: Encyclopedia II - Science - Locations of science Science is practiced in universities and other scientific institutes as well as in the field; as such it is a solid vocation in academia, but is also practiced by amateurs, who typically engage in the observational part of science.
Workers in corporate research laboratories also practice science, although their results are often deemed trade secrets and not published in public journals. Corporate and university scientists often cooperate, with the university scientists focusing on basic research and the corporate scientists applying t ...
See also:Science, Science - What is science?, Science - Scientific method, Science - Philosophy of science, Science - Mathematics and the scientific method, Science - Goals of science, Science - Locations of science, Science - Science and social concerns, Science - Scientific literature, Science - Fields of science, Science - Natural sciences, Science - Social sciences, Science - Holistic interdisciplinary and applied sciences, Science - Environmental sciences, Science - Etymology, Science - External articles and references, Science - Textbooks, Science - News and articles, Science - Resources, Science - Further reading Read more here: » Science: Encyclopedia II - Science - Locations of science |
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| | | | | observational: Encyclopedia II - Science - Goals of science Despite popular impressions of science, it is not the goal of science to answer all questions. The goal of the physical sciences is to answer only those that pertain to reality. Also, science cannot possibly address nonsensical, or untestable questions, so the choice of which questions to answer becomes important. Science does not and can not produce absolute and unquestionable truth. Rather, physical science often tests hypotheses about some aspect of the physical world, and when necessary revises or repla ...
See also:Science, Science - What is science?, Science - Scientific method, Science - Philosophy of science, Science - Mathematics and the scientific method, Science - Goals of science, Science - Locations of science, Science - Science and social concerns, Science - Scientific literature, Science - Fields of science, Science - Natural sciences, Science - Social sciences, Science - Holistic interdisciplinary and applied sciences, Science - Environmental sciences, Science - Etymology, Science - External articles and references, Science - Textbooks, Science - News and articles, Science - Resources, Science - Further reading Read more here: » Science: Encyclopedia II - Science - Goals of science |
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| | | | | observational: Encyclopedia II - Science - Mathematics and the scientific method Mathematics is essential to many sciences. The most important function of mathematics in science is the role it plays in the expression of scientific models. Observing and collecting measurements, as well as hypothesizing and predicting, often require mathematical models and extensive use of mathematics. Mathematical branches most often used in science include calculus and statistics, although virtually every branch of mathematics has applications, even "pure" areas such as number theory and topology. Mathematics is most prevalent in phys ...
See also:Science, Science - What is science?, Science - Scientific method, Science - Philosophy of science, Science - Mathematics and the scientific method, Science - Goals of science, Science - Locations of science, Science - Science and social concerns, Science - Scientific literature, Science - Fields of science, Science - Natural sciences, Science - Social sciences, Science - Holistic interdisciplinary and applied sciences, Science - Environmental sciences, Science - Etymology, Science - External articles and references, Science - Textbooks, Science - News and articles, Science - Resources, Science - Further reading Read more here: » Science: Encyclopedia II - Science - Mathematics and the scientific method |
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| | | | | observational: Encyclopedia II - Science - Etymology The word science comes from the Latin word, scientia, which means knowledge; thus the phrase scientia potentia est: knowledge is power.
Until the Enlightenment, the word science (or its Latin cognate) meant any systematic or exact, recorded knowledge. Science therefore had the same sort of very broad meaning that philosophy had at that time. It should be noted that in (at least) German, Finnish, and Scandinavian languages, the word corresponding "science" (German Wissenschaft) st ...
See also:Science, Science - What is science?, Science - Scientific method, Science - Philosophy of science, Science - Mathematics and the scientific method, Science - Goals of science, Science - Locations of science, Science - Science and social concerns, Science - Scientific literature, Science - Fields of science, Science - Natural sciences, Science - Social sciences, Science - Holistic interdisciplinary and applied sciences, Science - Environmental sciences, Science - Etymology, Science - External articles and references, Science - Textbooks, Science - News and articles, Science - Resources, Science - Further reading Read more here: » Science: Encyclopedia II - Science - Etymology |
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