Obesity, especially central obesity (male-type or waist-predomimant obesity), is an important risk factor for the "metabolic syndrome" ("syndrome X"), the clustering of a number of diseases and risk factors that heavily predispose for cardiovascular disease. These are diabetes mellitus type 2, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and triglyceride levels (combined hyperlipidemia). An inflammatory state is present, which — together with the above — has been implicated in the high prevalence of atherosclerosis (fatty lumps in the arterial wall), and a prothrombotic stat ...

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Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence of obesity in American children

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Complications

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Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Complications

Obesity - Culture and obesity. In several human cultures, obesity is associated with attractiveness, strength, and fertility. Some of the earliest known cultural artifacts, known as Venuses, are pocket-sized statuettes representing an obese female figure. Although their cultural significance is unrecorded, their widespread use throughout pre-historic Mediterranean and European cultures suggests a central role for the obese female form in magical rituals, and suggests cult ...

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Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence of obesity in American children

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Cultural and social significance

Obesity is a condition where the natural energy reserve, stored in the fatty tissue of humans and mammals is increased to the point where it may impair health. Obesity in wild animals is relatively rare, but it is common in domestic animals like pigs and household pets who may be overfed and underexercised. In humans it is generally considered to be a leading cause of health problems. Excessive body weight has been shown to predispose to various forms of disease, particularly cardiovascular disease. Interventions, such as weigh ...

Including:

Obesity - Definition Obesity - Etymology Obesity - Cultural and social significance
Obesity - Culture and obesity Obesity - Popular culture
Obesity - Causes
Obesity - Causative factors Obesity - Evolutionary aspects Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms Obesity - Societal causes Obesity - Poverty link
Obesity - Complications Obesity - Therapy Obesity - Controversies
Obesity - Medicalization of obesity Obesity - Health effects of obesity Obesity - Medical responses to obesity Obesity - Prevalence and public interest Obesity - Policy responses to obesity

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia - Obesity

Obesity is a condition where the natural energy reserve, stored in the fatty tissue of humans and mammals is increased to the point where it may impair health. Obesity in wild animals is relatively rare, but it is common in domestic animals like pigs and household pets who may be overfed and underexercised. In humans it is generally considered to be a leading cause of health problems. Excessive body weight has been shown to predispose to various forms of disease, particularly cardiovascular disease. Interventions, such as weigh ...

Including:

Obesity - Definition Obesity - Etymology Obesity - Cultural and social significance
Obesity - Popular culture
Obesity - Causes
Obesity - Causative factors Obesity - Evolutionary aspects Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms Obesity - Societal causes Obesity - Poverty link
Obesity - Complications Obesity - Therapy Obesity - Controversies
Obesity - Medicalization of obesity Obesity - Health effects of obesity Obesity - Medical responses to obesity Obesity - Prevalence and public interest Obesity - Policy responses to obesity

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia - Obesity

Adipose tissue is primarily located beneath the skin, but is also found around internal organs. In the skin, it accumulates in the deepest level, the subcutaneous layer, providing insulation from heat and cold. Around organs, it provides protective padding. It also functions as a reserve of nutrients. In a severely obese person, excess adipose tissue hanging downward from the abdomen is referred to as a panniculus (or pannus). A panniculus complicates surgery of the morbidly obese, and may remain as a literal "apron of skin" if a severely obese person quickly loses large ...

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Adipose tissue, Adipose tissue - Anatomical features, Adipose tissue - Physiology, Adipose tissue - Cultural and social role

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Binge eating disorder is probably the most common eating disorder. Most people with this problem are either overweight or obese (see note), but normal-weight people also can have the disorder. About 2 percent of all adults in the United States (as many as 4 million Americans) have binge eating disorder. About 10 to 15 percent of people who are mildly obese and who try to lose weight on their own or through commercial weight-loss programs have binge eating disorde ...

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Binge eating disorder, Binge eating disorder - Occurrence and risk factors, Binge eating disorder - Causes, Binge eating disorder - Complications, Binge eating disorder - Dieting, Binge eating disorder - Treatment

Read more here: » Binge eating disorder: Encyclopedia II - Binge eating disorder - Occurrence and risk factors

The main use for metformin is for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, especially when it is concomitant with obesity and insulin resistance. It is also being used increasingly in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, two other diseases that feature insulin resistance; these indications are still considered experimental. Metformin is the only anti-diabetic drug that has been proven to reduce the complications of diabetes, as evidenced in a large study of overweight pa ...

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Metformin, Metformin - Uses, Metformin - Mechanism of action, Metformin - Side-effects, Metformin - Contraindications, Metformin - History, Metformin - Sources

Read more here: » Metformin: Encyclopedia II - Metformin - Uses

Hypertension - Essential hypertension. Age. Over time, the number of collagen fibres in artery and arteriole walls increases, making blood vessels stiffer. With the reduced elasticity comes a smaller cross-sectional area in systole, and so a raised mean arterial blood pressure. High salt intake Sedentary lifestyle Tobacco smoking Alcohol abuse High levels of saturated fat in the diet Obesity. In obese subjects, losing a kilogram of mass generally reduces blood pressure by 2 mmHg. Stress Low birth-weight Diabetes mellit ...

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Hypertension, Hypertension - Definition, Hypertension - Etiology, Hypertension - Essential hypertension, Hypertension - Secondary hypertension, Hypertension - Pathophysiology, Hypertension - Signs and symptoms, Hypertension - Hypertensive urgencies and emergencies, Hypertension - Complications, Hypertension - Pregnancy, Hypertension - Diagnosis, Hypertension - Measuring blood pressure, Hypertension - Distinguishing primary vs. secondary hypertension, Hypertension - Blood tests commonly performed in a newly diagnosed hypertension patient, Hypertension - Epidemiology, Hypertension - Treatment, Hypertension - Lifestyle modification, Hypertension - Medications

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Most women with endometrial cancer have a history of unopposed and increased levels of estrogen. One of estrogen's normal functions is to stimulate the buildup of the endometrial lining of the uterus. Excess estrogen administered to laboratory animals can produce endometrial hyperplasia, which is a precursor for cancer. Increased estrogen may be due to: obesity (> 30 lb or 14 kg ...

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Endometrial cancer, Endometrial cancer - Epidemiology, Endometrial cancer - Risk Factors, Endometrial cancer - Symptoms, Endometrial cancer - Diagnosis, Endometrial cancer - Pathology, Endometrial cancer - Evaluation, Endometrial cancer - Stages of endometrial cancer, Endometrial cancer - Treatment, Endometrial cancer - Support Groups, Endometrial cancer - Expectations, Endometrial cancer - Survival rates, Endometrial cancer - Complications

Read more here: » Endometrial cancer: Encyclopedia II - Endometrial cancer - Risk Factors

People with binge eating disorder can get sick because they may not be getting the right nutrients. They usually eat large amounts of fats and sugars, which don't have a lot of vitamins or minerals. People with binge eating disorder are usually very upset by their binge eating and may become very depressed. People who are obese and also have binge eating disorder are at risk for diabetes high blood pressure high blood cholesterol levels gallbladder disease heart disease certain types of cancer errosion ...

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Binge eating disorder, Binge eating disorder - Occurrence and risk factors, Binge eating disorder - Causes, Binge eating disorder - Complications, Binge eating disorder - Dieting, Binge eating disorder - Treatment

Read more here: » Binge eating disorder: Encyclopedia II - Binge eating disorder - Complications

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) have recommended the following criteria for bariatric surgery, which includes gastric bypass procedures: People who have a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 40 or higher. Or, People with a BMI of 35 or higher with one or more related comorbid conditions (there are 30 comorbidities that are connected with morbid obesity and a full list can be found at the American Society of Bariatric Surgeons' website) Generally, it is for people who are ...

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Gastric bypass surgery, Gastric bypass surgery - Indications, Gastric bypass surgery - Techniques, Gastric bypass surgery - How it works, Gastric bypass surgery - Complications, Gastric bypass surgery - Post-Surgery Expectations, Gastric bypass surgery - Risks, Gastric bypass surgery - Gastric Bypass Among Celebrities

Read more here: » Gastric bypass surgery: Encyclopedia II - Gastric bypass surgery - Indications

SLE is a chronic disease with no cure. There are, however, some medications, such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressants which can control the disease and prevent flares. Flares are typically treated with steroids, with DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheutmatic drugs) to suppress the disease process, reduce steroid needs and prevent flares. DMARDs commonly in use are the antimalarials (e.g. hydroxychloroquine) and azathioprine. Cyclophosphamide is used for severe nephritis or other organ-damaging complications. Patients who require steroids frequently may develop obesity, diabetes and osteopor ...

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Lupus erythematosus, Lupus erythematosus - Signs and symptoms, Lupus erythematosus - Dermatological manifestations, Lupus erythematosus - Musculoskeletal manifestations, Lupus erythematosus - Hematological manifestations, Lupus erythematosus - Cardiac manifestations, Lupus erythematosus - Renal involvement, Lupus erythematosus - Neurological manifestations, Lupus erythematosus - T-cell abnormalities, Lupus erythematosus - Diagnosis, Lupus erythematosus - Classification, Lupus erythematosus - Etiology, Lupus erythematosus - Genetics, Lupus erythematosus - Environmental causes, Lupus erythematosus - Drug-induced lupus, Lupus erythematosus - Pathophysiology, Lupus erythematosus - Abnormalities in apoptosis, Lupus erythematosus - Complement pathway, Lupus erythematosus - Treatment, Lupus erythematosus - Epidemiology, Lupus erythematosus - Prognosis, Lupus erythematosus - History

Read more here: » Lupus erythematosus: Encyclopedia II - Lupus erythematosus - Treatment

SLE is a chronic disease with no cure. There are, however, some medications, such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressants which can control the disease and prevent flares. Flares are typically treated with steroids, with DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs) to suppress the disease process, reduce steroid needs and prevent flares. DMARDs commonly in use are the antimalarials (e.g. hydroxychloroquine) and azathioprine. Cyclophosphamide is used for severe nephritis or other organ-damaging complications. Patients who require steroids frequently may develop obesity, diabetes and osteopor ...

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Lupus erythematosus, Lupus erythematosus - Signs and symptoms, Lupus erythematosus - Dermatological manifestations, Lupus erythematosus - Musculoskeletal manifestations, Lupus erythematosus - Hematological manifestations, Lupus erythematosus - Cardiac manifestations, Lupus erythematosus - Renal involvement, Lupus erythematosus - Neurological manifestations, Lupus erythematosus - T-cell abnormalities, Lupus erythematosus - Diagnosis, Lupus erythematosus - Classification, Lupus erythematosus - Etiology, Lupus erythematosus - Genetics, Lupus erythematosus - Environmental causes, Lupus erythematosus - Drug-induced lupus, Lupus erythematosus - Pathophysiology, Lupus erythematosus - Abnormalities in apoptosis, Lupus erythematosus - Complement pathway, Lupus erythematosus - Treatment, Lupus erythematosus - Epidemiology, Lupus erythematosus - Prognosis, Lupus erythematosus - History

Read more here: » Lupus erythematosus: Encyclopedia II - Lupus erythematosus - Treatment

Obesity - Causative factors. When energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, fat cells (and to a lesser extent muscle and liver cells) throughout the body take in the energy and store it as fat. In its simplest conception, therefore, obesity is only made possible when the lifetime energy intake exceeds lifetime energy expenditure by more than it does for individuals of "normal weight." In all individuals, the excess energy utilized to generate fat reserves is minute relative to the total number of calories ...

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Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence of obesity in American children

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Causes

Obesity - Causative factors. Obesity is believed to be caused by excessive caloric intake accompanied with insufficient caloric expenditure. Factors that may contribute to this imbalance include: Limited exercise and sedentary lifestyle Genetic predisposition A high glycemic diet (i.e. a diet that consists of meals that give high postprandial blood sugar) Weight cycling, caused by repeated attempts to lose weight by dieting Underlying illness (e.g. hypothyroidism)< ...

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Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Causes

Obesity is a concept that is being continually redefined. In humans, the most common statistical estimate of excess fat mass is the body mass index (BMI), calculated by dividing the weight by the height squared; its unit is therefore kg/m2, although no actual surface is implied. The BMI was created in the 19th century by the Belgian statistician Adolphe Quetelet. Interpretation of the BMI: A BMI over 25.0 kg/m2 is categorized as overweight. A BMI over 30.0 kg/m2 is c ...

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Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence of obesity in American children

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Definition

The mainstay of treatment for obesity is an energy-limited diet and increased exercise. In studies, diet and exercise programs have consistently produced an average weight loss of approximately 8% of total body mass on average (excluding study drop-outs). While not all dieters will be satisfied with this outcome, studies have shown that a loss of as little as 5% of body mass can create enormous health benefits. A more intractable therapeutic problem appears to be weight loss maintenance. Of dieters who manage to lose 10% or more of th ...

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Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence of obesity in American children

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Therapy

There is continuous debate over obesity, at several levels. While scientific evidence for particular risks and treatments is fairly firm, the evidence informing debates on exact causation, social impact and necessary policy responses is much less clear-cut. In the area of policy and public debate, statistics demonstrating correlations are typically misinterpreted as demonstrating causation, a fallacy known as the spurious relationship. As much of the data is open to interpretation, there have been many "experts" taking positions, as well as policy pressure groups, influencing the debate from various angles. Ob ...

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Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence of obesity in American children

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Controversies

Obesity - Culture and obesity. In several human cultures, obesity is associated with attractiveness, strength, and fertility. Some of the earliest known cultural artifacts, known as Venuses, are pocket-sized statuettes representing an obese female figure. Although their cultural significance is unrecorded, their widespread use throughout pre-historic Mediterranean and European cultures suggests a central role for the obese female form in magical rituals, and implies cult ...

See also:

Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Cultural and social significance