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nutrient | A Wisdom Archive on nutrient | | nutrient A selection of articles related to nutrient | |
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nutrient, Nutrient, Nutrient - Nutrients and the body, Nutrient - Nutrients and the environment
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO nutrient | | | |  nutrient: Encyclopedia II - Vitamin C - Discovery and historyThe need to include fresh plant food or raw animal flesh in the diet to prevent disease was known from ancient times. Native peoples living in marginal areas incorporated this into their medicinal lore. For example, infusions of spruce needles were used in the temperate zones, or the leaves from species of drought-resistant trees in desert areas. In 1536, the French explorer Jacques Cartier, exploring the St. Lawrence River, used the local natives' knowledge to save his men who were dying of scurvy. He boiled the needles of the arbor vitae tree to make a tea that was later ...
See also:Vitamin C, Vitamin C - Discovery and history, Vitamin C - Sources, Vitamin C - Plant sources, Vitamin C - Animal sources, Vitamin C - Artificial chemical synthesis, Vitamin C - Functions in the body, Vitamin C - Vitamin C deficiency, Vitamin C - Daily requirement, Vitamin C - The Recommended Daily Allowance, Vitamin C - Advocacy amounts, Vitamin C - Food preparation, Vitamin C - Therapeutic uses, Vitamin C - Advocacy arguments, Vitamin C - Known harmful effects, Vitamin C - Other reports of harmful effects, Vitamin C - Footnotes Read more here: » Vitamin C: Encyclopedia II - Vitamin C - Discovery and history |
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| | | | | nutrient: Encyclopedia II - Starvation - Symptoms Starved individuals lose substantial fat and muscle mass as the body turns to these tissues for energy. The skin's pale and dry appearance accompanies this emaciation.
Vitamin deficiency is common, often resulting in anemia, beriberi, pellagra, and scurvy. These diseases collectively may cause diarrhea, skin rashes, edema, and heart failure. Individuals are often irritable, fatigued, and lethargic as a result.
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See also:Starvation, Starvation - Symptoms, Starvation - Treatment, Starvation - Capital punishment Read more here: » Starvation: Encyclopedia II - Starvation - Symptoms |
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| | | | | nutrient: Encyclopedia II - Breastfeeding - History of breastfeeding In the early years of the human species, breastfeeding was as common as it was for other mammals feeding their young. There were no alternative foods for the infants, and the mother, along with other lactating females, would have no choice but to breastfeed the children. This process is still seen in many developing countries and is known as shared breastfeeding.
The Egyptian, Greek and Roman empires saw women only feeding their own children. However, breastfeeding began to be seen as something too common to be done by royalty, ...
See also:Breastfeeding, Breastfeeding - Beginning lactation, Breastfeeding - The let-down reflex, Breastfeeding - Benefits, Breastfeeding - Benefits for the infant, Breastfeeding - Benefits for the mother, Breastfeeding - Bonding, Breastfeeding - Recommendations and research, Breastfeeding - Difficulties with breastfeeding, Breastfeeding - Breast refusal, Breastfeeding - Medical conditions of the infant, Breastfeeding - Medical conditions of the mother, Breastfeeding - When breastfeeding can be harmful to the infant, Breastfeeding - Health and diet, Breastfeeding - Feeding options and requirements, Breastfeeding - Expression, Breastfeeding - Infant formula, Breastfeeding - Tandem extended and shared breastfeeding, Breastfeeding - Breastfeeding method, Breastfeeding - Feeding and positioning, Breastfeeding - Breast and nipple pain, Breastfeeding - Weaning, Breastfeeding - History of breastfeeding, Breastfeeding - Developing alternatives, Breastfeeding - Breastfeeding in Japan, Breastfeeding - Breastfeeding in Canada, Breastfeeding - Breastfeeding in Cuba, Breastfeeding - Publicity promotion and law, Breastfeeding - Recent global uptake, Breastfeeding - Lactation without pregnancy Read more here: » Breastfeeding: Encyclopedia II - Breastfeeding - History of breastfeeding |
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| | | | | nutrient: Encyclopedia II - Cryonics - Obstacles to success
Cryonics - Damage from ice formation and ischemia.
Cryonics has traditionally been dismissed by mainstream cryobiology, of which it is arguably a part. The reason generally given for this dismissal is that the freezing process creates ice crystals, which some scientists have claimed damage cells and cellular structures so as to render any future repair impossible. Cryonicists have long argued, however, that the extent of this damage was greatly exaggerated by the critics, presuming that some reasonable attempt is made to perfuse the body with cryoprotectant chemicals (traditiona ...
See also:Cryonics, Cryonics - Obstacles to success, Cryonics - Damage from ice formation and ischemia, Cryonics - Revival process, Cryonics - Financial issues, Cryonics - Head neuro vs. whole-body cryopreservation, Cryonics - History, Cryonics - Culture, Cryonics - Notes Read more here: » Cryonics: Encyclopedia II - Cryonics - Obstacles to success |
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| | | | | | nutrient: Encyclopedia II - Breast milk - Composition The exact integrated properties of breast milk are not entirely understood, but the nutrient content after this period is relatively consistent and draws its ingredients from the mother's food supply. If that supply is found lacking, content is obtained from the mother's bodily stores. The exact composition of breast milk varies from day to day, depending on food consumption and environment, meaning that the ratio of water to fat fluctuates. Foremilk, the milk released at the beginning of a feed, is watery, low in fat and high in carbohydrat ...
See also:Breast milk, Breast milk - Production, Breast milk - Composition, Breast milk - Comparison to other milks, Breast milk - External link Read more here: » Breast milk: Encyclopedia II - Breast milk - Composition |
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| | | | | nutrient: Encyclopedia II - Phosphorus - Notable characteristics Common phosphorus forms a waxy white solid that has a characteristic disagreeable smell similar to that of garlic. Pure forms of the element are colorless and transparent. This nonmetal is not soluble in water, but it is soluble in carbon disulfide. Pure phosphorus ignites spontaneously in air and burns to phosphorus pentoxide.
Phosphorus - Forms.
Phosphorus exists in three allotropic forms: white , red, and black . Other allotropic forms may exist. The most common are red and white phosphorus, both of whi ...
See also:Phosphorus, Phosphorus - Notable characteristics, Phosphorus - Forms, Phosphorus - Applications, Phosphorus - Biological role, Phosphorus - History, Phosphorus - Occurrence, Phosphorus - Precautions, Phosphorus - Isotopes, Phosphorus - Spelling, Phosphorus - Compounds Read more here: » Phosphorus: Encyclopedia II - Phosphorus - Notable characteristics |
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| | | | | nutrient: Encyclopedia II - Coral reef - World-wide distribution of reefs Coral reefs are estimated to cover 284,300 square kilometers, with the Indo-Pacific region (including the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia and the Pacific) accounting for 91.9 percent of the total. Southeast Asia accounts for 32.3 percent of that figure, while the Pacific including Australia accounts for 40.8 percent. Atlantic and Caribbean coral reefs only account for 7.6 percent of the world total (Spalding et al., 2001).
Coral reefs are either restricted or absent from along the west coast of the Americas, as well as the west ...
See also:Coral reef, Coral reef - Coral Reef Biology, Coral reef - Coral Reef Formations, Coral reef - World-wide distribution of reefs, Coral reef - Ecology and biodiversity, Coral reef - Threats to Reefs, Coral reef - Land development and pollution, Coral reef - Live reef fish trade, Coral reef - Coral bleaching, Coral reef - Destruction worldwide, Coral reef - Protection and restoration of reefs, Coral reef - Marine Protected Areas Read more here: » Coral reef: Encyclopedia II - Coral reef - World-wide distribution of reefs |
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| | | | | nutrient: Encyclopedia II - Coral reef - Ecology and biodiversity Coral reefs support an extraordinary amount of biodiversity, although located in nutrient-poor tropical waters. The process of nutrient recycling between corals, zooxanthellae, and other reef organisms provides an explanation for why coral reefs flourish in these waters: recycling ensures that fewer nutrients are needed overall to support the community. Cyanobacteria also provide soluble nitrates for the coral reef through the process of nitrogen fixation. Corals absorb nutrients, including inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, directly from th ...
See also:Coral reef, Coral reef - Coral Reef Biology, Coral reef - Coral Reef Formations, Coral reef - World-wide distribution of reefs, Coral reef - Ecology and biodiversity, Coral reef - Threats to Reefs, Coral reef - Land development and pollution, Coral reef - Live reef fish trade, Coral reef - Coral bleaching, Coral reef - Destruction worldwide, Coral reef - Protection and restoration of reefs, Coral reef - Marine Protected Areas Read more here: » Coral reef: Encyclopedia II - Coral reef - Ecology and biodiversity |
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| | | | | nutrient: Encyclopedia II - Breastfeeding - The let-down reflex The let-down reflex, also known as the milk ejection reflex, is caused by the release of the hormone, oxytocin. Oxytocin stimulates the muscles of the breast to squeeze out the milk. Breastfeeding mothers describe the sensation differently, with some feeling a slight tingling, some feeling immense amounts of pressure and slight pain/discomfort, and still others not feeling anything different.
The reflex is not always consistent, especially at first. The thought of nursing or the sound of any baby can stimulate the let-do ...
See also:Breastfeeding, Breastfeeding - Beginning lactation, Breastfeeding - The let-down reflex, Breastfeeding - Benefits, Breastfeeding - Benefits for the infant, Breastfeeding - Benefits for the mother, Breastfeeding - Bonding, Breastfeeding - Recommendations and research, Breastfeeding - Difficulties with breastfeeding, Breastfeeding - Breast refusal, Breastfeeding - Medical conditions of the infant, Breastfeeding - Medical conditions of the mother, Breastfeeding - When breastfeeding can be harmful to the infant, Breastfeeding - Health and diet, Breastfeeding - Feeding options and requirements, Breastfeeding - Expression, Breastfeeding - Infant formula, Breastfeeding - Tandem extended and shared breastfeeding, Breastfeeding - Breastfeeding method, Breastfeeding - Feeding and positioning, Breastfeeding - Breast and nipple pain, Breastfeeding - Weaning, Breastfeeding - History of breastfeeding, Breastfeeding - Developing alternatives, Breastfeeding - Breastfeeding in Japan, Breastfeeding - Breastfeeding in Canada, Breastfeeding - Breastfeeding in Cuba, Breastfeeding - Publicity promotion and law, Breastfeeding - Recent global uptake, Breastfeeding - Lactation without pregnancy Read more here: » Breastfeeding: Encyclopedia II - Breastfeeding - The let-down reflex |
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| | | | | nutrient: Encyclopedia II - Coral reef - Protection and restoration of reefs The coral reefs of the Indonesian islands are the most diverse in the world as well as one of the most difficult natural phenomenons to restore. In 1991 Indonesian and Philippine governments made a move to decentralize the capacities of enforcement authorities with regards to coastal management. This led to a lack of national support and funding and a great challenge for smaller sectors in facing the destruction of Southeast Asian coral reefs (Courtney 42). Though in 2002, 18% of the regions reefs were officially destroyed and 85% were calle ...
See also:Coral reef, Coral reef - Coral Reef Biology, Coral reef - Coral Reef Formations, Coral reef - World-wide distribution of reefs, Coral reef - Ecology and biodiversity, Coral reef - Threats to Reefs, Coral reef - Land development and pollution, Coral reef - Live reef fish trade, Coral reef - Coral bleaching, Coral reef - Destruction worldwide, Coral reef - Protection and restoration of reefs, Coral reef - Marine Protected Areas Read more here: » Coral reef: Encyclopedia II - Coral reef - Protection and restoration of reefs |
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| | | | | nutrient: Encyclopedia II - Breast milk - Comparison to other milks All mammal species produce milk, but the composition of milk for each species varies widely and other kinds of milk are often very different from human breast milk.
Whole cow's milk does not contain sufficient Vitamin E, iron, or essential fatty acids, which can make infants fed on cow's milk anaemic. Whole cow's milk also contains excessive amounts of protein, sodium, and potassium which may put a strain on an infant's immature kidneys. In addition, the protein and fat in whole cow's milk are more difficult for an infant to digest an ...
See also:Breast milk, Breast milk - Production, Breast milk - Composition, Breast milk - Comparison to other milks, Breast milk - External link Read more here: » Breast milk: Encyclopedia II - Breast milk - Comparison to other milks |
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| | | | | | nutrient: Encyclopedia II - Phosphorus - History Phosphorus (Greek phosphoros, meaning "light bearer" which was the ancient name for the planet Venus) was discovered by German alchemist Hennig Brand in 1669 through a preparation from urine. Working in Hamburg, Brand attempted to distill salts by evaporating urine, and in the process produced a white material that glowed in the dark and burned brilliantly. Since that time, phosphorescence has been used to describe substances t ...
See also:Phosphorus, Phosphorus - Notable characteristics, Phosphorus - Forms, Phosphorus - Applications, Phosphorus - Biological role, Phosphorus - History, Phosphorus - Occurrence, Phosphorus - Precautions, Phosphorus - Isotopes, Phosphorus - Spelling, Phosphorus - Compounds Read more here: » Phosphorus: Encyclopedia II - Phosphorus - History |
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| | | | | nutrient: Encyclopedia II - Signal transduction - Intracellular signal transduction Intracellular signal transduction is largely carried out by second messenger molecules.
Signal transduction - Ca2+ as a second messenger.
Ca2+ acts as a signal molecule within the cell. This works by tightly limiting the time and space when Ca2+ is free (and thus active). Therefore, the concentration of free Ca2+ within the cell is usually very low; it is stored within organelles, usually the endoplasmic reticulum (sarcoplasmic reticulum in ...
See also:Signal transduction, Signal transduction - Overview, Signal transduction - Stimuli, Signal transduction - Responses, Signal transduction - Types of signals, Signal transduction - Extracellular, Signal transduction - Intracellular, Signal transduction - Intercellular, Signal transduction - Hormones, Signal transduction - Types of receptors, Signal transduction - Transmembrane receptors, Signal transduction - Nuclear receptors, Signal transduction - Signal amplification, Signal transduction - Signal amplification at the transmembrane hormone receptor, Signal transduction - Intracellular signal transduction, Signal transduction - Ca2+ as a second messenger, Signal transduction - Lipophilic second messenger molecules, Signal transduction - Nitric oxide NO as second messenger, Signal transduction - Research questions, Signal transduction - Further information, Signal transduction - Bibliography, Signal transduction - Sources used in article or earlier version, Signal transduction - External links Read more here: » Signal transduction: Encyclopedia II - Signal transduction - Intracellular signal transduction |
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| | | | | nutrient: Encyclopedia II - Signal transduction - Signal amplification A principle of signal transduction is the signal amplification. The binding of one or a few neurotransmitter molecules can enable the entry of millions of ions. The binding of one or just a few hormone molecules can induce an enzymatic reaction that affect many substrates. The amplification can occur at several points of the signal pathway.
Signal transduction - Signal ...
See also:Signal transduction, Signal transduction - Overview, Signal transduction - Stimuli, Signal transduction - Responses, Signal transduction - Types of signals, Signal transduction - Extracellular, Signal transduction - Intracellular, Signal transduction - Intercellular, Signal transduction - Hormones, Signal transduction - Types of receptors, Signal transduction - Transmembrane receptors, Signal transduction - Nuclear receptors, Signal transduction - Signal amplification, Signal transduction - Signal amplification at the transmembrane hormone receptor, Signal transduction - Intracellular signal transduction, Signal transduction - Ca2+ as a second messenger, Signal transduction - Lipophilic second messenger molecules, Signal transduction - Nitric oxide NO as second messenger, Signal transduction - Research questions, Signal transduction - Further information, Signal transduction - Bibliography, Signal transduction - Sources used in article or earlier version, Signal transduction - External links Read more here: » Signal transduction: Encyclopedia II - Signal transduction - Signal amplification |
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| | | | | nutrient: Encyclopedia II - Phosphorus - Occurrence Due to its reactivity to air and many other oxygen containing substances, phosphorus is not found free in nature but it is widely distributed in many different minerals. Phosphate rock, which is partially made of apatite (an impure tri-calcium phosphate mineral) is an important commercial source of this element. Large deposits of apatite are in Russia, Morocco, Florida, Idaho, Tennessee, Utah, and elsewhere. There are however concerns over how long these phosphorus deposits will last. USA will deplete their deposits around 2035. China and Mo ...
See also:Phosphorus, Phosphorus - Notable characteristics, Phosphorus - Forms, Phosphorus - Applications, Phosphorus - Biological role, Phosphorus - History, Phosphorus - Occurrence, Phosphorus - Precautions, Phosphorus - Isotopes, Phosphorus - Spelling, Phosphorus - Compounds Read more here: » Phosphorus: Encyclopedia II - Phosphorus - Occurrence |
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| | | | | nutrient: Encyclopedia II - Phosphorus - Biological role Phosphorus is a key element in all known forms of life. Inorganic phosphorus in the form of the phosphate PO43- plays a major role in biological molecules such as DNA and RNA where it forms part of the structural backbone of these molecules. Living cells also utilize phosphate to transport cellular energy via adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Nearly every cellular process that uses energy gets it in the form of ATP. ATP is also important for phosphorylation, a key regulatory event in cells. Phospholipids are the main struct ...
See also:Phosphorus, Phosphorus - Notable characteristics, Phosphorus - Forms, Phosphorus - Applications, Phosphorus - Biological role, Phosphorus - History, Phosphorus - Occurrence, Phosphorus - Precautions, Phosphorus - Isotopes, Phosphorus - Spelling, Phosphorus - Compounds Read more here: » Phosphorus: Encyclopedia II - Phosphorus - Biological role |
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| | | | | nutrient: Encyclopedia II - Banksia - Distribution and Habitat All but one of the Banksia species are endemic to Australia. The exception is the Tropical Banksia, B. dentata, which occurs throughout northern Australia, and on islands to the north including New Guinea and the Aru Islands. The other species occur in two distinct geographical regions: southwest Western Australia and eastern Australia. Southwest Western Australia is the main centre of biodiversity; over three quarters of Banksia species occur only there. Eastern Australia has far fewer species, but these include so ...
See also:Banksia, Banksia - Description, Banksia - Distribution and Habitat, Banksia - Ecological aspects, Banksia - Taxonomy, Banksia - Uses and cultural references, Banksia - Gallery Read more here: » Banksia: Encyclopedia II - Banksia - Distribution and Habitat |
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| | | | | nutrient: Encyclopedia II - Banksia - Uses and cultural references Banksias are popular garden plants in Australia because of their large, showy flower heads, and because the large amounts of nectar they produce attracts birds and small mammals. Popular garden species include the Wallum Banksia, B. aemula, the Saw Banksia, B. serrata, and the cultivar Banksia 'Giant Candles'. Banksia species are easily propagated by seed, and many can be propagated by cutting. They require little maintenance. If fertilised, only slow-release, low-phosphorus fertilizer should be used, as the proteoid r ...
See also:Banksia, Banksia - Description, Banksia - Distribution and Habitat, Banksia - Ecological aspects, Banksia - Taxonomy, Banksia - Uses and cultural references, Banksia - Gallery Read more here: » Banksia: Encyclopedia II - Banksia - Uses and cultural references |
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| | | | | nutrient: Encyclopedia II - Hydroponics - Uses Hydroponics is useful to us in two main ways. First, it provides a more controlled environment for plant growth than soil thereby removing many unknowns from experiments. Second, many plant species produce more in less time and sometimes of higher quality, which under certain economic and environmental conditions, makes hydroponics growing more profitable to the farmer. With hydroponics there are no soil-borne diseases, weeds to pull, or soil to till, and plants can be placed very close to one another. This allows a large amount of food to b ...
See also:Hydroponics, Hydroponics - Uses, Hydroponics - History, Hydroponics - Techniques, Hydroponics - Passive hydroponics, Hydroponics - Flood and Drain or Ebb and Flow, Hydroponics - Deep Water Culture DWC, Hydroponics - Drip feeding, Hydroponics - Wick feeding, Hydroponics - Raft cultivation, Hydroponics - Nutrient film technique NFT, Hydroponics - Aeroponics, Hydroponics - Media, Hydroponics - Expanded Clay, Hydroponics - Rockwool, Hydroponics - Coco Coir, Hydroponics - Perlite, Hydroponics - Vermiculite, Hydroponics - Oasis Root Cubes, Hydroponics - Nutrient Solutions, Hydroponics - Commercial, Hydroponics - Problems with hydroponics, Hydroponics - Present and future Read more here: » Hydroponics: Encyclopedia II - Hydroponics - Uses |
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| | | | | nutrient: Encyclopedia II - Banksia - Ecological aspects Banksias are heavy producers of nectar, and so are important sources of food for nectariferous animals, including honeyeaters and small mammals such as honey possums, pygmy possums and bats . Many of these animals play a role in pollination of Banksia.
Other associated fauna include the larvae of moths and weevils, which burrow into the "cones" to eat the seeds and pupate in the follicles; and birds such as cockatoos, who break off the "cones ...
See also:Banksia, Banksia - Description, Banksia - Distribution and Habitat, Banksia - Ecological aspects, Banksia - Taxonomy, Banksia - Uses and cultural references, Banksia - Gallery Read more here: » Banksia: Encyclopedia II - Banksia - Ecological aspects |
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