Encyclopedia - Ernst Kaltenbrunner: Encyclopedia Ii - Ernst Kaltenbrunner - Nuremberg Trials
At the Nuremberg Trials he was charged with conspiracy to commit crimes against peace, war-crimes and crimes against humanity. His close ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuremberg Trials: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuremberg Trials - Origin Of The Trials
Recently released papers from the British War Cabinet have shown that, as early as December 1942, they had discussed their policy for the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuremberg Trials: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuremberg Trials - Origin Of The Trials
By 1944, victory for the Allies had become inevitable. Advocate groups (who had received detailed information regarding Nazi plans of mas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuremberg Trials: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuremberg Trials - Origin Of The Trials
By 1944, victory for the Allies had become inevitable. Advocate groups (who had received detailed information regarding Nazi plans of mas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1945: Encyclopedia - 1945
1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). 1945 - Events. January 5 - The Soviet Union recog...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Military Tribunal For The Far East: Encyclopedia Ii - International Military Tribunal For The Far East - Sentences
There were 28 defendants tried, mostly military and political leaders. Two defendants (Matsuoka Yosuke and Nagano Osami) died of natural ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Victor's Justice: Encyclopedia Ii - Victor's Justice - Allegations Of Victor's Justice
Claimed examples of victor's justice have included: the actions of the Communists after the October Revolution those of the Brazilian go...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spandau Prison: Encyclopedia Ii - Spandau Prison - Life In The Prison
Spandau Prison - Prison regulation. Every facet of life in the prison was strictly set out by a bloated and intricate prison regulation...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia - The Holocaust
The Holocaust is the name applied to the systematic state-sponsored persecution and genocide of various ethnic, religious and political ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1945: Encyclopedia Ii - 1945 - Events
1945 - January. January 5 - The Soviet Union recognizes the new pro-Soviet government of Poland. January 7 - British General Bernard M...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jackson: Encyclopedia Ii - Jackson - People
Jackson is also a common family name in English speaking countries. Famous Jacksons include: Andrew Jackson, U.S. President Jesse Jackso...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-psychiatry: Encyclopedia - Anti-psychiatry
Beginning in the 1960s, a movement called anti-psychiatry claimed that psychiatric patients do not necessarily have a "mental illness", b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bombing Of Guernica: Encyclopedia - Bombing Of Guernica
The bombing of Guernica was an aerial attack on April 26, 1937, during the Spanish Civil War by the German Luftwaffe squadron known as th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Outlaw: Encyclopedia - Outlaw
An outlaw, a person living the lifestyle of outlawry, meaning literally "outside of the law." In the common law of England, a judgment de...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - War Crime: Encyclopedia - War Crime
A war crime is a punishable offense, under international (criminal) law, for violations of the law of war by any person or persons, milit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wannsee Conference: Encyclopedia - Wannsee Conference
The Wannsee Conference was the discussion by a group of Nazi officials about the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" (Endlösung der ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Allied Control Council: Encyclopedia - Allied Control Council
Image:Smalbldg.jpg The Allied Control Council or Allied Control Authority, known in German as the Alliierter Kontrollrat, was a military ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nazism: Encyclopedia - Nazism
Nazi organizations National Socialist German Workers Party Sturmabteilung Schutzstaffel Hitler Youth Lebensborn National Socialist Motor ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Schutzstaffel: Encyclopedia - Schutzstaffel
The Schutzstaffel ▶ (help·info) ("defense squadron"), or SS, was a large paramilitary organization that was a principal component of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Waffen-ss: Encyclopedia - Waffen-ss
The Waffen-SS ("Armed Protective Squadron") was the combat arm of the Schutzstaffel. Headed by Heinrich Himmler who was ranked Reichsfüh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1946: Encyclopedia - 1946
1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. (see link for calendar) 1946 - Events. 1946 - January. January 2 - Unable to re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chester Nimitz: Encyclopedia - Chester Nimitz
Chester William Nimitz (February 24, 1885 – February 20, 1966) was the Commander in Chief of Pacific Forces for the United States and A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alan Bullock: Encyclopedia - Alan Bullock
Alan Louis Charles Bullock, Baron Bullock of Leafield (December 13, 1914 - February 2, 2004), British historian, was the author of an inf...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ahnenerbe: Encyclopedia - Ahnenerbe
The Nazi Ahnenerbe Forschungs und Lehrgemeinschaft organization was founded by Heinrich Himmler, Hermann Wirth, and Walter Darré on July...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alfred Jodl: Encyclopedia - Alfred Jodl
Alfred Jodl (May 10, 1890 - October 16, 1946) was a Wehrmacht officer. During WWII he was Chief of the Operations Staff and deputy to Wil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aerial Bombing Of Cities: Encyclopedia - Aerial Bombing Of Cities
The aerial bombing of cities became a common tactic in World War II. Aerial bombing of cities - Italian-Turkish War of 1911-1912. The v...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spandau Prison: Encyclopedia Ii - Spandau Prison - The Prison
The prison, initially designed for a prison population in the hundreds, was an old brick building enclosed by one wall of 15 feet in heig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Victor's Justice: Encyclopedia Ii - Victor's Justice - Attempts To Ensure The Fairness Of War Crimes Prosecutions
Since then, the accusation of victor's justice has arisen in every subsequent conflict where war crimes prosecutions have been made. Exam...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spandau Prison: Encyclopedia Ii - Spandau Prison - The Spandau Seven
The prisoners, still subject to the petty personal rivalries and battles for prestige that characterized the party politics of the Nazi r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Victor's Justice: Encyclopedia Ii - Victor's Justice - Why Should Victors Be Just?
The concept that a victor should be just appears to be a recent idea, possibly being part of the just war doctrine. In previous times, vi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - October 1: Encyclopedia - October 1
October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in Leap years). There are 91 days remaining. October 1 - Events. 331 BC - Alexander the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Military Tribunal For The Far East: Encyclopedia Ii - International Military Tribunal For The Far East - Criticism
Some have accused the IMTFE of having an American bias, because unlike the Nuremberg Trials, there was only a single prosecution team, wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Universal Jurisdiction: Encyclopedia - Universal Jurisdiction
Universal jurisdiction or universality principle is a controversial principle in international law whereby states claim criminal jurisdic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of Germany: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of Germany - The Holy Roman Empire 843-1806
The Holy Roman Empire emerged from the eastern part of the Carolingian Empire after its division in the Treaty of Verdun of 843, and last...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of War Crimes: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of War Crimes - Alleged And Actual Incidents
1857 Mistreatment of prisoners of war. Approximately 257,000 soldiers were killed. Nothing is ever done until this date, for details se...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jörg Friedrich: Encyclopedia Ii - Jörg Friedrich - Analysis Of Friedrich's Position
As a left wing historian who has written strongly on the horrors committed by the German state under the Nazis, Friedrich's position has,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - National Socialist German Workers Party: Encyclopedia Ii - National Socialist German Workers Party - Party History
National Socialist German Workers Party - Origins. In the beginning of 1918, a party called the Freier Ausschuss für einen deutschen A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gestapo: Encyclopedia Ii - Gestapo - History
The Gestapo was established on April 26, 1933, in Prussia, from the existing organization of the Prussian Secret Police. The Gestapo was ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuremberg: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuremberg - History
Nuremberg - Middle Ages. From 1050 to 1571, the city was a regular stop on the progression of the Holy Roman Emperor, particularly beca...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nineteen Eighty-four: Encyclopedia Ii - Nineteen Eighty-four - The World Of Nineteen Eighty-four
The novel focuses upon one man named Winston Smith who stands, seemingly alone, against the corrupted reality of his world: hence its ori...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nazi Germany: Encyclopedia Ii - Nazi Germany - Pre-war Politics 1933-1939
On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor by President Paul von Hindenburg after attempts by General Kurt von Schleicher...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Henry L. Stimson: Encyclopedia Ii - Henry L. Stimson - Political Career
In 1906 President Theodore Roosevelt appointed him U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York. Here he made a distinguished reco...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heinz Guderian: Encyclopedia Ii - Heinz Guderian - Biography
Guderian was born in the German West Prussian town of Kulm, now Chełmno, Poland. From 1901 to 1907 Guderian attended various military sc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Karl Dönitz: Encyclopedia Ii - Karl Dönitz - Role In World War Ii
When the war started in 1939, Dönitz had recently been appointed commodore (Kommodore) on January 28 and leader of submarines ("Führer ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Luis Moreno Ocampo: Encyclopedia Ii - Luis Moreno Ocampo - Legal Career
A 1978 graduate of University of Buenos Aires Law School, Moreno Ocampo was a law clerk from 1980 to 1984 to the Argentinian Solicitor Ge...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Katyń Massacre: Encyclopedia Ii - Katyń Massacre - The Massacre
Katyń massacre - Preparations. Approximately 250,000 Polish soldiers had become prisoners of war following the invasion and defeat of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hjalmar Schacht: Encyclopedia Ii - Hjalmar Schacht - Education And Rise To President Of The Reichsbank
Schacht was born in Tinglev, Germany (now in Denmark) to William Leonhard Ludwig Maximillian Schacht and Danish baroness Constanze Justin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Madison Grant: Encyclopedia Ii - Madison Grant - Nordic Theory
Grant is most famously the author of the popular book The Passing of the Great Race in 1916, an elaborate work of racial hygiene detailin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maximilian Von Weichs: Encyclopedia Ii - Maximilian Von Weichs - Notes
Note regarding personal names: Reichsfreiherr is a title, usually translated Baron-of-the-Empire, not a first or middle name. The title...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inquisitorial System: Encyclopedia Ii - Inquisitorial System - Modern Usage In France And Other Civil-law Countries
Inquisitorial system - Criminal justice. The main feature of the inquisitorial system in France (and other countries functioning along ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Katyń Massacre: Encyclopedia Ii - Katyń Massacre - The Massacres
Katyń massacre - Preparations. Some 250,000 Polish soldiers had become prisoners of war following the invasion of Poland on September ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jackie Cochran: Encyclopedia Ii - Jackie Cochran - Contributions To Aviation
Known by her friends as "Jackie," and maintaining the Cochran name, she began competing in both American and international air races, at ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joachim Von Ribbentrop: Encyclopedia Ii - Joachim Von Ribbentrop - Early Career
Ribbentrop was born in Wesel, Niederrhein, the son of the Army officer Richard Ulrich Friedrich Joachim Ribbentrop and Sophie Hartwig. Ri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poland 1939–1945: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poland 1939–1945 - German And Soviet Invasion
The Polish armed forces resisted the German invasion, but their strategic position was hopeless since Poland was surrounded on three side...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Katyn Massacre: Encyclopedia Ii - Katyn Massacre - Cover-up
To the Western Allies, the Katyn Massacre and the resulting Polish-Soviet crisis were beginning to threaten the vital alliance with the S...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hermann Göring: Encyclopedia Ii - Hermann Göring - Göring's Last Days
Göring's last days were spent with Gustave Gilbert, a Jewish German-speaking intelligence officer and psychologist who was granted free ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Henry L. Stimson: Encyclopedia Ii - Henry L. Stimson - Political Career
In 1906 President Theodore Roosevelt appointed him U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York. Here he made a distinguished reco...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Barrow-in-furness: Encyclopedia Ii - Barrow-in-furness - History
The name "Barrow" is supposedly a corruption of the Old Norse meaning "Barren Island", which would have originally referred to Barrow Isl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Black Book: Encyclopedia Ii - Black Book - The Fate Of The Black Book In The Ussr
According to Ehrenburg, the mandatory State literary commission did not commit to publish the Book in October 1944: "Instead of straight ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nineteen Eighty-four: Encyclopedia Ii - Nineteen Eighty-four - The World Of Nineteen Eighty-four
The novel focuses upon one man named Winston Smith who stands, seemingly alone, against the corrupted reality of his world: hence its ori...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Outlaw: Encyclopedia Ii - Outlaw - A Feature Of Older Legal Systems
In British common law, an outlaw was a person who had defied the laws of the realm, by such acts as ignoring a summons to court, or fleei...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baltic German: Encyclopedia Ii - Baltic German - History
Baltic German - Middle Ages. Ethnic proto-Germans began to settle in the Baltic region in the 12th century when traders and missionarie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nazi Germany: Encyclopedia Ii - Nazi Germany - Pre-war Politics 1933-1939
In the wake of the First World War and subsquent economic depression, many German voters began turning their support towards Adolf Hitler...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nineteen Eighty-four: Encyclopedia Ii - Nineteen Eighty-four - The World Of Nineteen Eighty-four
The novel focuses upon one man named Winston Smith who stands, seemingly alone, against the corrupted reality of his world: hence its ori...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dulwich College: Encyclopedia Ii - Dulwich College - History
Edward Alleyn, who owned the then manorial estate of Dulwich, decided to create a foundation dedicated to charity and education. It would...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scientific Racism: Encyclopedia Ii - Scientific Racism - History
Scientific racism - Early studies of racial differences. Regular scientific examinations of race and other differences between people o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Waffen-ss: Encyclopedia Ii - Waffen-ss - Foreign Volunteers And Conscripts
Himmler, wishing to expand the Waffen-SS, advocated the idea of SS controlled foreign legions. The Reichsführer, with his penchant for m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rudolf Hess: Encyclopedia Ii - Rudolf Hess - Speculation On His Flight To Britain
Hess's journey to Britain was one of the odder events of World War II. In The Man Who Was M: The Life of Charles Henry Maxwell Knight (IS...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Commando Order: Encyclopedia Ii - Commando Order - Background
Hitler was known to have particular animosity for Allied commandos and paratroopers due to their unpredictability, their effect on German...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genocide: Encyclopedia Ii - Genocide - Genocide As A Crime Under International Law
In the wake of the Nazi perpetrated Holocaust, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws, definin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - A Few Good Men: Encyclopedia Ii - A Few Good Men - Plot Synopsis
An inexperienced Navy lawyer, Lt. Daniel Kaffee, son of Lionel Kaffee who held the positions of Attorney General and Navy Judge Advocate ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Population Transfer: Encyclopedia Ii - Population Transfer - Cases Of Population Transfer
Population transfer - United States: Native American relocations. In the nineteenth century, the United States government removed a num...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genocide: Encyclopedia Ii - Genocide - Genocide As A Crime Under International Law
In the wake of the Nazi perpetrated Holocaust, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws, definin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hermann Göring: Encyclopedia Ii - Hermann Göring - Göring's Last Days
Göring's last days were spent with Gustave Gilbert, a Jewish German-speaking intelligence officer and psychologist who was granted free ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persecution Of Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Persecution Of Jews - Christian
Christianity, which has its roots in Jewish teachings about the Messiah, has often had a contentious relationship with Judaism, giving ri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Universal Jurisdiction: Encyclopedia Ii - Universal Jurisdiction - Debate Over Universal Jurisdiction & Progress Of International Law
War crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and torture may be subjected to universal jurisdiction. However, it remains a controversial...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Examination Of Holocaust Denial: Encyclopedia Ii - Examination Of Holocaust Denial - Evidence Of The Holocaust
Evidence of the existence of the Holocaust was well documented by the heavily bureaucratic German government itself. It was further well ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Historical Interpretations
As with any historical event, scholars continue to argue over what exactly happened and why. The Holocaust - Who was directly involved i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1945: Encyclopedia Ii - 1945 - Events
1945 - January. January 5 - The Soviet Union recognizes the new pro-Soviet government of Poland. January 7 - British General Bernard M...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arthur Seyss-inquart: Encyclopedia Ii - Arthur Seyss-inquart - Reichskommissar In The Netherlands
Following the capitulation of the Low Countries he was appointed Reichskommissar for the Occupied Netherlands in May 1940, charged with d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Area Bombardment: Encyclopedia Ii - Area Bombardment - World War Ii
Area bombing in WW2 begun with German bombings of Warsaw, Frampol, Wielun during September Campaign in Poland, where whole cities have be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ex Post Facto Law: Encyclopedia Ii - Ex Post Facto Law - Ex Post Facto Laws Internationally
The Nuremberg Trials and other post-World War II laws that prosecuted former members of the Nazi party are often accused of being ex post...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Henry T. King: Encyclopedia Ii - Henry T. King - Life And Work
King graduated from Yale College and Yale Law School. After the Second World War, he worked as a prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials from ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Examination Of Holocaust Denial: Encyclopedia Ii - Examination Of Holocaust Denial - Evidence Of The Holocaust
Evidence of the existence of the Holocaust was well documented by the heavily bureaucratic German government itself. It was further well ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-psychiatry: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-psychiatry - Arguments Against Anti-psychiatry
Most of the scientific and medical communities view anti-psychiatry as a fringe movement that loses credibility as evidence is gathered t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Profiles In Courage: Encyclopedia Ii - Profiles In Courage - The Writing Of The Book And Its Aftermath
Kennedy himself was a senator from Massachusetts from 1952 until he was elected president in 1960. Kennedy, with help from research assis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - R. Walther Darré: Encyclopedia Ii - R. Walther Darré - Early Life
He was born in Belgrano, a Buenos Aires neighbourhood, Argentina to a German father and half-Swedish, half-German mother. His father was ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Allied Control Council: Encyclopedia Ii - Allied Control Council - Creation
After the death of Adolf Hitler, Karl Dönitz became president of Germany in accordance with Hitler's last political testament. He author...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Responses Of Germany And Japan To World War Ii Crimes: Encyclopedia Ii - Responses Of Germany And Japan To World War Ii Crimes - Japan
Japan has also attempted to make up for its role in World War II. Japan established a private consolation fund for comfort women who clai...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pioneer Fund: Encyclopedia Ii - Pioneer Fund - Current Funding
Most of the Pioneer Fund's grants go to scientific research, including to researchers at 38 universities, and a smaller amount has gone t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bombing Of Guernica: Encyclopedia Ii - Bombing Of Guernica - Motivation Of The Attack
The Condor Legion was assigned aerial missions throughout Spain, as Nazi Germany's prime contribution to Francisco Franco's forces. It wo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Victims
The victims of the Holocaust were Jews, Polish, Russian, Communists, homosexuals, Roma (also known as gypsies), the mentally ill and the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Outlaw: Encyclopedia Ii - Outlaw - A Feature Of Older Legal Systems
In British common law, an outlaw was a person who had defied the laws of the realm, by such acts as ignoring a summons to court, or fleei...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Atomic Bombings Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki: Encyclopedia Ii - Atomic Bombings Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki - Debate Over The Decision To Drop The Bombs
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki - Support for use of atomic bombs. Although supporters of the bombing concede that the civili...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aerial Bombing Of Cities: Encyclopedia Ii - Aerial Bombing Of Cities - Is Aerial Bombardment State Terrorism?
Some argue that these acts qualify as state terrorism. Others state that there were valid military reasons for the attacks on these parti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sook Ching Massacre: Encyclopedia Ii - Sook Ching Massacre - The Massacre
When the Japanese occupied Singapore, the Japanese military authorities became concerned about the local Chinese population. The Japanese...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vasily Grossman: Encyclopedia Ii - Vasily Grossman - Biography
Born Iosif Solomonovich Grossman in Berdichev, Ukraine into an emancipated Jewish family, he did not receive a traditional Jewish educati...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William Jowitt 1st Earl Jowitt: Encyclopedia Ii - William Jowitt 1st Earl Jowitt - Lawyer And Mp
William Jowitt was born in Stevenage, the son of the village rector. At the age of nine he was sent to Northaw Place, a preparatory schoo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Tribunal On Iraq: Encyclopedia Ii - World Tribunal On Iraq - Tribunal Legitimacy And Scope
World Tribunal on Iraq - Legal basis and structure. Being confronted with the paradox that people supporting or participating in the WT...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nazism: Encyclopedia Ii - Nazism - Nazi Theory
Alfred Rosenberg's racial philosophy wholly embraced the Aryan Invasion Theory, which traced Aryan peoples in ancient Iran invading the I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The 20th Century In Review: Encyclopedia Ii - The 20th Century In Review - Major Events
The 20th century was marked by a period of change. With inventions such as the light bulb, the automobile, and the telephone in the late ...   » Read the article