At the Nuremberg Trials he was charged with conspiracy to commit crimes against peace, war-crimes and crimes against humanity. His close control over the RSHA meant that direct knowledge of and responsibility for the following crimes was ascribed to him: Mass murders of civilians of occupied countries by Einsatzgruppen. Screening of prisoner of war camps and executing racial and political undesirables. The taking of recaptured prisoners of war to concentration camps, where in some cases they were ...

See also:

Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Ernst Kaltenbrunner - Early Life, Ernst Kaltenbrunner - Kaltenbrunner rises to a major Nazi figure, Ernst Kaltenbrunner - Nuremberg Trials, Ernst Kaltenbrunner - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Ernst Kaltenbrunner: Encyclopedia II - Ernst Kaltenbrunner - Nuremberg Trials

Recently released papers from the British War Cabinet have shown that, as early as December 1942, they had discussed their policy for the punishment of the leading Nazis if captured. Winston Churchill had then advocated a policy of summary execution, (possibly by electrocution), and was only dissuaded from this by US pressure later in the War. By 1944, victory for the Allies had become inevitable. Advocate groups (who had received detailed information regarding Nazi plans of mass extermination, or the "Final Solution") and governments ...

See also:

Nuremberg Trials, Nuremberg Trials - Origin of the trials, Nuremberg Trials - Creation of the court, Nuremberg Trials - Location, Nuremberg Trials - Participants, Nuremberg Trials - The validity of the court, Nuremberg Trials - The main trial, Nuremberg Trials - Influence on the development of international criminal law, Nuremberg Trials - Endnotes, Nuremberg Trials - Notes

Read more here: » Nuremberg Trials: Encyclopedia II - Nuremberg Trials - Origin of the trials

By 1944, victory for the Allies had become inevitable. Advocate groups (who had received detailed information regarding Nazi plans of mass extermination, or the "Final Solution") and governments in exile became concerned that the Nazis would unleash a final wave of atrocities. To help prevent the escalation of violence, the United Nations War Crimes Commission (UNWCC) was established, an organization which began to compile a list of probable war criminals. However, the Allies did not consolidate these threats (of the possible prosecution of war crimes) against the ...

See also:

Nuremberg Trials, Nuremberg Trials - Origin of the trials, Nuremberg Trials - Creation of the court, Nuremberg Trials - Location, Nuremberg Trials - Participants, Nuremberg Trials - The validity of the court, Nuremberg Trials - The main trial, Nuremberg Trials - Influence on the development of international criminal law, Nuremberg Trials - Notes

Read more here: » Nuremberg Trials: Encyclopedia II - Nuremberg Trials - Origin of the trials

By 1944, victory for the Allies had become inevitable. Advocate groups (who had received detailed information regarding Nazi plans of mass extermination, or the "Final Solution") and governments in exile became concerned that the Nazis would unleash a final wave of atrocities. To help prevent the escalation of violence, the United Nations War Crimes Commission (UNWCC) was established, an organization which began to compile a list of probable war criminals. However, the Allies did not consolidate these threats (of the possible prosecution of war crimes) against the ...

See also:

Nuremberg Trials, Nuremberg Trials - Origin of the trials, Nuremberg Trials - Creation of the court, Nuremberg Trials - Location, Nuremberg Trials - Participants, Nuremberg Trials - The validity of the court, Nuremberg Trials - The main trial, Nuremberg Trials - Influence on the development of international criminal law, Nuremberg Trials - Endnotes, Nuremberg Trials - Notes

Read more here: » Nuremberg Trials: Encyclopedia II - Nuremberg Trials - Origin of the trials

1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). 1945 - Events. January 5 - The Soviet Union recognizes the new pro-Soviet government of Poland. January 7 - British General Bernard Montgomery holds a press conference at Zonhoven describing his contribution to the Battle of the Bulge. January 12 - World War II: The Soviet Union begin a very large offensive in Eastern Europe against the Nazis. January 13 - A Soviet patrol arre ...

Including:

• 1945 - Events
• 1945 - February
• 1945 - March
• 1945 - April
• 1945 - May
• 1945 - June
• 1945 - July
• 1945 - August
• 1945 - September
• 1945 - October
• 1945 - November
• 1945 - December
• 1945 - Unknown date
• 1945 - Ongoing events
• 1945 - Science and technology
• 1945 - Births
• 1945 - January
• 1945 - February
• 1945 - March
• 1945 - April
• 1945 - May
• 1945 - June
• 1945 - July
• 1945 - August
• 1945 - September-October
• 1945 - November-December
• 1945 - Deaths
• 1945 - January
• 1945 - February
• 1945 - March
• 1945 - April
• 1945 - May
• 1945 - June-August
• 1945 - September
• 1945 - October
• 1945 - November
• 1945 - December
• 1945 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1945: Encyclopedia - 1945

There were 28 defendants tried, mostly military and political leaders. Two defendants (Matsuoka Yosuke and Nagano Osami) died of natural causes during the trial. Okawa Shumei had a nervous breakdown during the trial and was removed. Seven others were sentenced to death by hanging for war crimes and crimes against humanity. They were executed at Sugamo Prison in Ikebukuro on December 23, 1948: General Doihara Kenji, spy (later Air Force commander) Baron Hirota Koki, foreign minister General Itagaki Seishi ...

See also:

International Military Tribunal for the Far East, International Military Tribunal for the Far East - Prosecutors, International Military Tribunal for the Far East - Judges, International Military Tribunal for the Far East - Charges, International Military Tribunal for the Far East - Sentences, International Military Tribunal for the Far East - Criticism

Read more here: » International Military Tribunal for the Far East: Encyclopedia II - International Military Tribunal for the Far East - Sentences

Claimed examples of victor's justice have included: the actions of the Communists after the October Revolution those of the Brazilian government after the Canudos insurrection around 1900 After World War II, there were calls for vengeance on Nazi Germany. The Western Allies made a self-conscious decision to carry out war crimes trials, and to set up the Marshall Plan (a program to finance economic restructuring of Europe by providing grants and loans), rather than to simply executing their enemies, and imposing reparations on the Germ ...

See also:

Victor's justice, Victor's justice - Why should victors be just?, Victor's justice - Allegations of victor's justice, Victor's justice - Attempts to ensure the fairness of war crimes prosecutions, Victor's justice - Current allegations of victor's justice

Read more here: » Victor's justice: Encyclopedia II - Victor's justice - Allegations of victor's justice

Spandau Prison - Prison regulation. Every facet of life in the prison was strictly set out by a bloated and intricate prison regulation scheme that was designed prior to the prisoners' arrival by the Four Powers -- France, Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Compared to other established prison regulations at the time, Spandau's rules were quite strict. The prisoners' outgoing letters to family were at first limited to 1 page every month, talking with fellow prisoners was prohibited, newspapers were ...

See also:

Spandau Prison, Spandau Prison - The prison, Spandau Prison - Garden, Spandau Prison - Controversy, Spandau Prison - Life in the prison, Spandau Prison - Prison regulation, Spandau Prison - Daily life, Spandau Prison - The Spandau Seven, Spandau Prison - Trivia, Spandau Prison - Resources, Spandau Prison - Notes, Spandau Prison - References

Read more here: » Spandau Prison: Encyclopedia II - Spandau Prison - Life in the prison

The Holocaust is the name applied to the systematic state-sponsored persecution and genocide of various ethnic, religious and political groups during World War II by Nazi Germany and collaborators. Early elements of the Holocaust include the Kristallnacht pogrom and the T-4 Euthanasia Program, progressing to the later use of killing squads and extermination camps in a massive and centrally organized effort to murder every possi ...

Including:

• The Holocaust - Etymology and usage of the term
• The Holocaust - Features of the Nazi Holocaust
• The Holocaust - Premeditation
• The Holocaust - Efficiency
• The Holocaust - Scale
• The Holocaust - Cruelty
• The Holocaust - Victims
• The Holocaust - Jews
• The Holocaust - Slavs
• The Holocaust - Roma Sinti and Manush 'Gypsies'
• The Holocaust - Gay men
• The Holocaust - Jehovah's Witnesses
• The Holocaust - Disabled people
• The Holocaust - Others
• The Holocaust - Death toll
• The Holocaust - Searching for records of victims
• The Holocaust - Execution of the Holocaust
• The Holocaust - Concentration and Labor Camps 1933-1945
• The Holocaust - Pogroms 1938-1941
• The Holocaust - Euthanasia 1939-1941
• The Holocaust - Ghettos 1940-1945
• The Holocaust - Death Squads 1941-1943
• The Holocaust - Extermination camps 1942-1945
• The Holocaust - Death Marches and liberation 1944-1945
• The Holocaust - Resistance and Rescuers
• The Holocaust - Resistance
• The Holocaust - Rescuers
• The Holocaust - Historical interpretations
• The Holocaust - Who was directly involved in the killings?
• The Holocaust - Why did people participate in authorize or tacitly accept the killing?
• The Holocaust - Revisionists and deniers
• The Holocaust - Aftermath
• The Holocaust - Displaced Persons and the State of Israel
• The Holocaust - Legal proceedings against Nazis
• The Holocaust - Legal action against genocide
• The Holocaust - Impact on culture
• The Holocaust - Holocaust theology
• The Holocaust - Art and literature
• The Holocaust - Holocaust Memorial Day
• The Holocaust - Notes
• The Holocaust - Resources

Read more here: » The Holocaust: Encyclopedia - The Holocaust

1945 - January. January 5 - The Soviet Union recognizes the new pro-Soviet government of Poland. January 7 - British General Bernard Montgomery holds a press conference at Zonhoven describing his contribution to the Battle of the Bulge. January 12 - World War II: The Soviet Union begin a very large offensive in Eastern Europe against the Nazis. January 13 - A Soviet patrol arrests Raoul Wallenberg in Hungary. January 16 - Adolf Hitler moves into his underground bunker, th ...

See also:

1945, 1945 - Events, 1945 - January, 1945 - February, 1945 - March, 1945 - April, 1945 - May, 1945 - June, 1945 - July, 1945 - August, 1945 - September, 1945 - October, 1945 - November, 1945 - December, 1945 - Unknown date, 1945 - Ongoing events, 1945 - Science and technology, 1945 - Births, 1945 - January, 1945 - February, 1945 - March, 1945 - April, 1945 - May, 1945 - June, 1945 - July, 1945 - August, 1945 - September-October, 1945 - November-December, 1945 - Deaths, 1945 - January, 1945 - February, 1945 - March, 1945 - April, 1945 - May, 1945 - June-August, 1945 - September, 1945 - October, 1945 - November, 1945 - December, 1945 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1945: Encyclopedia II - 1945 - Events

Jackson is also a common family name in English speaking countries. Famous Jacksons include: Andrew Jackson, U.S. President Jesse Jackson, civil rights leader The members of the musical Jackson family from Gary, Indiana: Michael Jackson Janet Jackson Jermaine Jackson LaToya Jackson Tito Jackson Marlon Jackson Randy Jackson (musician) Jackie Jackson Rebbie Jackson The Jackson 5 Joseph Jackson

Beginning in the 1960s, a movement called anti-psychiatry claimed that psychiatric patients do not necessarily have a "mental illness", but in fact are individuals who do not ascribe to the same conventional belief system, or consensus reality, shared by most people in their particular culture. Adherents of this movement sometimes refer to "the myth of mental illness", after Dr. Thomas Szasz's controversial book, The Myth of Mental Illness. Anti-psychiatry - Origins of anti-psychiatry. The term "anti ...

Including:

• Anti-psychiatry - Origins of anti-psychiatry
• Anti-psychiatry - Arguments against anti-psychiatry
• Anti-psychiatry - Responses
• Anti-psychiatry - Variations in prevalence
• Anti-psychiatry - Arguments from precedent
• Anti-psychiatry - Insanity defense
• Anti-psychiatry - Institutionalization and coercive treatment
• Anti-psychiatry - Psychiatry a pseudo-science?
• Anti-psychiatry - State of modern-day psychiatry
• Anti-psychiatry - Parodies
• Anti-psychiatry - Quotes

Read more here: » Anti-psychiatry: Encyclopedia - Anti-psychiatry

The bombing of Guernica was an aerial attack on April 26, 1937, during the Spanish Civil War by the German Luftwaffe squadron known as the Condor Legion against the Basque city of Guernica. It was the first aerial bombardment in history in which a civilian population was attacked with the apparent intent of producing total destruction. Bombing of Guernica - Guernica. Even before the bombardment, Guernica was a place of great significance to the Basque people. The Biscayne assembly traditionally met there un ...

Including:

• Bombing of Guernica - Guernica
• Bombing of Guernica - The first five waves of bombardment
• Bombing of Guernica - The Condor Legion attacks
• Bombing of Guernica - Consequences of the attack
• Bombing of Guernica - Motivation of the attack
• Bombing of Guernica - Symbolic importance
• Bombing of Guernica - External link

Read more here: » Bombing of Guernica: Encyclopedia - Bombing of Guernica

An outlaw, a person living the lifestyle of outlawry, meaning literally "outside of the law." In the common law of England, a judgment declaring someone an outlaw was one of the harshest penalties in the legal system. An example of such criminals would would the famous Xodus and Snyper who became famous after years of being chased by the law and never being caught. However, romanticised outlaws became stock characters in several fictional settings, particularly in Western movies. Outlaw - A feature of older legal ...

Including:

• Outlaw - A feature of older legal systems
• Outlaw - Famous outlaws
• Outlaw - Western outlaws
• Outlaw - Depression-era Public Enemy outlaws
• Outlaw - Vikings
• Outlaw - Medieval
• Outlaw - Bandits
• Outlaw - Australian bushrangers
• Outlaw - Fugitives: Contemporary Outlaws
• Outlaw - Others
• Outlaw - The Outlaw movie

Read more here: » Outlaw: Encyclopedia - Outlaw

A war crime is a punishable offense, under international (criminal) law, for violations of the law of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. Every violation of the law of war in an inter-state conflict is a war crime, while violations in internal conflicts don't necessarily amount to war crimes. War crimes include violations of established protections of the laws of war, but also include failures to adhere to norms of procedure and rules of battle, such as attacking those displaying a flag of truce, or using tha ...

Read more here: » War crime: Encyclopedia - War crime

The Wannsee Conference was the discussion by a group of Nazi officials about the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" (Endlösung der Judenfrage). It took place on January 20, 1942 in the Wannsee Villa overlooking the Wannsee lake in southwestern Berlin and would lead to the Holocaust. The meeting is noted as the first discussion of the 'Final Solution' and also because the records and minutes of the meeting were found intact by the Allies at the ...

Including:

• Wannsee Conference - Dramatization

Read more here: » Wannsee Conference: Encyclopedia - Wannsee Conference

Image:Smalbldg.jpg The Allied Control Council or Allied Control Authority, known in German as the Alliierter Kontrollrat, was a military occupation governing body of Germany after the end of World War II in Europe; the members were the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union. France was later added with a vote but had no duties. The Allied Control Council was based in Berlin-Schöneberg. Allied Control Council - Creation. After the death of Adolf Hitler, Karl Dönitz bec ...

Including:

• Allied Control Council - Creation
• Allied Control Council - Operation
• Allied Control Council - The building
• Allied Control Council - Bibliography
• Allied Control Council - Notes

Read more here: » Allied Control Council: Encyclopedia - Allied Control Council

Nazi organizations National Socialist German Workers Party Sturmabteilung Schutzstaffel Hitler Youth Lebensborn National Socialist Motor Corps Nazism in history Early Nazi Timeline Beer Hall Putsch Nuremberg rally Third Reich Night of the Long Knives Nur für Deutsche Nazi concepts Glossary of the Third Reich National Socialist Program Racial policy of Nazi Germany Führerprinzip Lebensraum V ...

Including:

• Nazism - Ideological theory
• Nazism - Nazi Theory
• Nazism - Nazi mysticism
• Nazism - Key elements of the Nazi ideology
• Nazism - Nazism and romanticism
• Nazism - Ideological competition
• Nazism - Support of anti-Communists for Fascism and Nazism
• Nazism - Nazism and Persians
• Nazism - Economic practice
• Nazism - Effects
• Nazism - Backlash effects
• Nazism - People and history
• Nazism - Nazism in relation to other concepts
• Nazism - The role of the nation
• Nazism - Factors which promoted the success of Nazism
• Nazism - Nazi / Third Reich terminology in popular culture
• Nazism - Holy sites

Read more here: » Nazism: Encyclopedia - Nazism

The Schutzstaffel ▶ (help·info) ("defense squadron"), or SS, was a large paramilitary organization that was a principal component of the Nazi party. The SS was led by Heinrich Himmler from 1929 until it was disbanded in 1945 with the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II. The Nazis regarded the SS as an elite unit, the Party's "praetorian guard", with all SS personnel selected on racial and ideological grounds. The SS was distinguished from the ...

Including:

• Schutzstaffel - History
• Schutzstaffel - Origins
• Schutzstaffel - Development
• Schutzstaffel - Fall of the SS
• Schutzstaffel - Postwar activity
• Schutzstaffel - SS leaders
• Schutzstaffel - The SS before World War II
• Schutzstaffel - 1925–1928
• Schutzstaffel - 1929–1931
• Schutzstaffel - 1931–1933
• Schutzstaffel - 1933–1934
• Schutzstaffel - 1934–1936
• Schutzstaffel - 1936–1939
• Schutzstaffel - Austrian SS
• Schutzstaffel - The SS during World War II
• Schutzstaffel - SS and Police Leaders
• Schutzstaffel - Headquarters offices
• Schutzstaffel - General SS
• Schutzstaffel - Waffen-SS
• Schutzstaffel - Concentration camp service
• Schutzstaffel - Special action groups
• Schutzstaffel - Order Police
• Schutzstaffel - SS Medical Corps
• Schutzstaffel - SS and police courts
• Schutzstaffel - Helferin Corps
• Schutzstaffel - Future visions

Read more here: » Schutzstaffel: Encyclopedia - Schutzstaffel

The Waffen-SS ("Armed Protective Squadron") was the combat arm of the Schutzstaffel. Headed by Heinrich Himmler who was ranked Reichsführer-SS (National Leader of the SS), the Waffen-SS saw action throughout the Second World War. After humble beginnings as a protection unit for the NSDAP leadership, the Waffen-SS eventually grew into a force of thirty-eight combat divisions comprising over 950,000 men, and including a number of elite units. In the Nuremberg Trials, the Waffen-SS was condemned as part of a criminal organisation ...

Including:

• Waffen-SS - Early history; LSSAH SS-VT
• Waffen-SS - Concept training
• Waffen-SS - Trial by fire
• Waffen-SS - Classic SS divisions
• Waffen-SS - Foreign volunteers and conscripts
• Waffen-SS - War crimes and atrocities

Read more here: » Waffen-SS: Encyclopedia - Waffen-SS