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Novgorod | A Wisdom Archive on Novgorod | | Novgorod A selection of articles related to Novgorod | |
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novgorod, Novgorod, Novgorod - History, Novgorod - Sights, Novgorod - Sister Cities, Novgorod Republic, Old Novgorod dialect, Birch bark documents
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Novgorod | | | | | | |  Novgorod: Encyclopedia II - Nicholas II of Russia - Family background and early lifeNicholas was born in Saint Petersburg, the eldest son of Emperor Alexander III and his Empress Maria Fyodorovna (born Princess Dagmar of Denmark). His paternal grandparents were Alexander II of Russia and his first consort Maximilienne Wilhelmine Marie of Hesse and the Rhine. His maternal grandparents were Christian IX of Denmark and Louise of Hesse.
Nicholas was seen as too soft by his hard, demanding father who, not anticipating his own premature death, did nothing to prepare his son for the crown. Nicholas fell in love with Princes ...
See also:Nicholas II of Russia, Nicholas II of Russia - Family background and early life, Nicholas II of Russia - Family, Nicholas II of Russia - Relationship with the Duma, Nicholas II of Russia - Tsarevich Alexei's illness, Nicholas II of Russia - The Great War, Nicholas II of Russia - Revolution and abdication, Nicholas II of Russia - Death, Nicholas II of Russia - Sainthood, Nicholas II of Russia - Footnotes Read more here: » Nicholas II of Russia: Encyclopedia II - Nicholas II of Russia - Family background and early life |
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| | | | | | Novgorod: Encyclopedia II - Russia - History
Russia - Ancient Rus.
This section covers the pre-Russ ancient history of present Russia and its early medieval period, which is historically referred to as Ancient Rus.
The vast lands of present Russia were home to disunited tribes who were variously overwhelmed by invading Goths, Huns, and Turkish Avars between the third and sixth centuries AD. The Iranian Scythians populated the southern steppes, and a Turkic people, the Khazars, ruled the western portion of these lands ...
See also:Russia, Russia - History, Russia - Ancient Rus, Russia - Imperial Russia, Russia - Russia as part of Soviet Union, Russia - Post-Soviet Russia, Russia - Politics, Russia - Subdivisions, Russia - Geography and Climate, Russia - Borders, Russia - Spatial extent, Russia - Cities, Russia - Economy, Russia - Demographics, Russia - Culture, Russia - Name, Russia - Miscellaneous topics Read more here: » Russia: Encyclopedia II - Russia - History |
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| | | | | Novgorod: Encyclopedia II - Yury Dolgoruky - Activities in Rostov and Suzdal Yury, or rather George in English, was the sixth son of Vladimir Monomakh. Although his birthdate is uncertain, some chronicles report that Yury's elder brother, Vyacheslav, said to him: "I am much older than you; I was already bearded when you were born." Since Vyacheslav was born in the early 1080s, this pushes Yury's birth to c. 1099/1100.
In 1108, Yury was sent by his father to govern the vast Rostov-Suzdal province in the north-east of Kievan Rus'. In 1121, he quarelled with the boyars of Rostov and moved the capital of his lands ...
See also:Yury Dolgoruky, Yury Dolgoruky - Activities in Rostov and Suzdal, Yury Dolgoruky - Struggle for Kiev Read more here: » Yury Dolgoruky: Encyclopedia II - Yury Dolgoruky - Activities in Rostov and Suzdal |
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| | | | | Novgorod: Encyclopedia II - Yuri Dolgoruki - Activities in Rostov and Suzdal Yuri, or rather George in English, was the sixth son of Vladimir Monomakh. Although his birthdate is uncertain, some chronicles report that Yuri's elder brother, Viacheslav, said to him: "I am much older than you; I was already bearded when you were born." Since Viacheslav was born in the early 1080s, this pushes Yury's birth to c. 1099/1100.
In 1108, Yuri was sent by his father to govern the vast Rostov-Suzdal province in the north-east of Kievan Rus'. In 1121, he quarelled with the boyars of Rostov and moved the capital of his lands ...
See also:Yuri Dolgoruki, Yuri Dolgoruki - Activities in Rostov and Suzdal, Yuri Dolgoruki - Struggle for Kiev Read more here: » Yuri Dolgoruki: Encyclopedia II - Yuri Dolgoruki - Activities in Rostov and Suzdal |
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| | | | | Novgorod: Encyclopedia II - Yuan Dynasty - Birth of the Yuan
Yuan Dynasty - Founding an Empire.
Temujin, later to be more prominently known as Genghis Khan, was the first in the line of Yuan rulers. He was the son of Yesügei, the tribal chief of the Kiyad — a tribe in fractured Mongolia. His father was killed in his early life by a rival tribe, the [[heir. This led to bitterness on the part of Senggum, Wang's former heir, who planned to assassinate Temüjin. Temüjin learned of Senggum's intentions however, and a large civil war broke out among the Mong ...
See also:Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty - Birth of the Yuan, Yuan Dynasty - Founding an Empire, Yuan Dynasty - Aspirations to China, Yuan Dynasty - Northern Conquest, Yuan Dynasty - Golden Age of the Yuan, Yuan Dynasty - Establishment of the Yuan, Yuan Dynasty - Early Rule, Yuan Dynasty - Impact, Yuan Dynasty - Downfall of the Yuan, Yuan Dynasty - Civil Unrest, Yuan Dynasty - Loss of China, Yuan Dynasty - Northern Yuan Read more here: » Yuan Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Yuan Dynasty - Birth of the Yuan |
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| | | | | | | Novgorod: Encyclopedia II - Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin - Works Derzhavin is best remembered for his odes, dedicated to the Empress and other courtiers. He paid little attention to the prevailing system of genres, and many a time would fill an ode with elegiac, humorous or satiric contents. In his grand ode to the Empress, for instance, he mentions searching for fleas in his wife's hair and compares his own poetry with lemonade.
Unlike other Classicist poets, Derzhavin found delight in the carefully chosen details, like a colour of wallpaper in his bedroom or a poetical inventary of his daily meal ...
See also:Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin, Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin - Life, Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin - Works, Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin - Memorable lines, Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin - Lines found at Derzhavin's table after his death Read more here: » Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin: Encyclopedia II - Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin - Works |
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| | | | | Novgorod: Encyclopedia II - False Dmitriy I - Background of the pretender This would-be Dmitriy appears in history circa 1600, when his learning and assurance seem to have greatly impressed the Muscovite patriarch Jove. Tsar Boris, however, ordered him to be seized and examined, whereupon he fled to Prince Constantine Ostrogsky at Ostrog (modern Ostroh), and subsequently entered the service of another Lithuanian family, Wisniowiecki's. Princes Adam and Michał Wiśniowiecki, accepted him for what he pretended to be, as this would present a very interesti ...
See also:False Dmitriy I, False Dmitriy I - Background of the pretender, False Dmitriy I - Way to the Russian throne, False Dmitriy I - His policies as a tsar, False Dmitriy I - Portrayals in literature Read more here: » False Dmitriy I: Encyclopedia II - False Dmitriy I - Background of the pretender |
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| | | | | Novgorod: Encyclopedia II - Watford - Transport Watford is within the M25 motorway with Watford Metropolitan Line station at the outer edge of the London Underground system. There are faster trains to central and north London from Watford Junction and Bushey stations. The Metropolitan Line branch is due to be diverted to Watford Junction via the disused Croxley Green branch.
Watford also has its own airport, listed as Watford Regional Airport, but known locally and offically as Elstree Aerodrome. Many private charters, and well as occasional holiday charters take off from here, wit ...
See also:Watford, Watford - Transport, Watford - Politics, Watford - Nightlife, Watford - North of Watford, Watford - People, Watford - Twinning, Watford - Other Watfords, Watford - Sport Read more here: » Watford: Encyclopedia II - Watford - Transport |
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| | | | | Novgorod: Encyclopedia II - Tsar - Russia In 1547, Ivan IV of Russia, of the Moscovian dynasty, changed his title from "Veliki Kniaz (Grand Duke) of the whole Rus" to "tsar of the whole Rus" as a symbol of change in the nature of the Russian state. In 1721 Peter I adopted the title Emperor (Император [Imperator]), by which he and his heirs were recognised, and which continued to be used informally as a synonym of Tsar.
Actually, the new style was adopted precisely to underline a claim that Russia, by now a rising major power in Europe, invoking a marria ...
See also:Tsar, Tsar - Etymology and spelling, Tsar - History of usage, Tsar - Bulgaria, Tsar - Russia, Tsar - Full title of Russian tsars, Tsar - Titles in the Russian Royal/Imperial family, Tsar - Notes, Tsar - Serbia, Tsar - Metaphorical uses, Tsar - Sources and References Read more here: » Tsar: Encyclopedia II - Tsar - Russia |
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| | | | | Novgorod: Encyclopedia II - Kven - The people The term Kven (a.k.a. Kveeni, Kvaen, Cwen, Quen, Quain, Qwaen) - Kainulainen in Finnish) - refers to the northern Scandinavian people, who are of a pre 20th century Finnish origin. In modern terminology, however, only those of Finnish background living in Northern Norway are refered to as Kvens.
The towns and communities around the Varanger Fjord in notheastern Norway still today possess the most visible and strong Kven (Cwen, Kveeni) culture, traditio ...
See also:Kven, Kven - The people, Kven - History, Kven - Wars in Kvenland, Kven - Varangian and other Viking connections, Kven - Kvens today - the Finns of Northern Norway, Kven - Languages in the territory of Kvenland today, Kven - Historical usage of the term Read more here: » Kven: Encyclopedia II - Kven - The people |
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| | | | | Novgorod: Encyclopedia II - Bogomilism - Doctrine From the imperfect and conflicting data which are available one positive result can be gathered: that the Bogomils were both Adoptionists and Manichaeans. They had accepted the teaching of Paul of Samosata, though at a later period the name of Paul was believed to be that of the Apostle; and they were not quite free from the Dualistic principle of the Gnostics, at a later period too much identified with the teaching of Mani, by Photius, Petrus Siculus, and other authors. Both Paulicians and Manichaeans were dualists, but the former ascribed ...
See also:Bogomilism, Bogomilism - The Origin, Bogomilism - Doctrine, Bogomilism - History, Bogomilism - Name Read more here: » Bogomilism: Encyclopedia II - Bogomilism - Doctrine |
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| | | | | | Novgorod: Encyclopedia II - Book of Veles - Authenticity There exist divided opinions about the authenticity of the book. Many scholars consider it a forgery given the lack of agreement as to the book's authorship and the time it was written. History of the book can be reliably traced only as far as mid-1950s, when the transcribed book and the photograph of one of the planks first surfaced in a San Francisco-based, Russian emigrant newspaper. Some scholars believe that the entire book was a product of collaboration of the editors of this newspaper and Yuriy Mirolyubov, who later claimed to have fo ...
See also:Book of Veles, Book of Veles - Authenticity, Book of Veles - The planks, Book of Veles - History of the book's discovery, Book of Veles - An alternative history of a forgery, Book of Veles - Excerpts, Book of Veles - Plank 2/B, Book of Veles - From Plank 7/A, Book of Veles - Plank 11/A, Book of Veles - From Plank 26/B Read more here: » Book of Veles: Encyclopedia II - Book of Veles - Authenticity |
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| | | | | Novgorod: Encyclopedia II - Rurik - Disputed origin Even though Rurik was probably legendary, there is a controversy about his ethnic origins in Eastern Europe.
According to the Primary Chronicle Rurik was one of the Rus, a Varangian tribe likened by the chronicler to Danes, Swedes, English and Gotlanders (Goths) and usually identified with the Varangians of Roslagen. See Rus' (people) for detailed discussion of the Rus' provenance.
In the 20th century, archaeologists partly corroborated the chronicle's version of events. It was discovered that the settlement of Ladoga, whose fo ...
See also:Rurik, Rurik - Name, Rurik - History, Rurik - Disputed origin, Rurik - Hrörek of Dorestad Read more here: » Rurik: Encyclopedia II - Rurik - Disputed origin |
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| | | | | Novgorod: Encyclopedia II - Birch bark document - Russian culture Russian birch bark writings (Russian: берестяная грамота, berestyanaya gramota) are dated to 11th — 15th centuries.
The first one was found on July 26, 1951 during excavations in Novgorod in a layer dated to the 14th-15th century junction. Since then the number of finds is close to 1,000 in several other historical Russian and other East Slavic towns: Staraya Russa, Smolensk, Torzhok, Pskov, Tver, Moscow, Ryazan, Zvenigorod Volynsky (Ukraine), Vitsebsk (Belarus), Mstislavl (Belarus). These findings considerably changed the understand ...
See also:Birch bark document, Birch bark document - Russian culture, Birch bark document - Oldest Finnic language text, Birch bark document - India Read more here: » Birch bark document: Encyclopedia II - Birch bark document - Russian culture |
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| | | | | Novgorod: Encyclopedia II - Aleksei Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin - Grand Chancellor of the Russian Empire Bestuzhev's chance came when the empress Elizabeth, immediately after her accession (December 6, 1741), summoned him back to court, and appointed him vice-chancellor. For the next twenty years, during a period of exceptional difficulty, he practically controlled the foreign policy of Russia.
Bestuzhev at this time judged France the natural enemy of Russia. The interests of the two states in Turkey, Poland and Sweden clashed diametrically, and Russia needed always to fear the intrigues of France in these three borderlands. All the enem ...
See also:Aleksei Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Aleksei Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin - Early life and career, Aleksei Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin - Grand Chancellor of the Russian Empire, Aleksei Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin - Anti-Prussian coalition Read more here: » Aleksei Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin: Encyclopedia II - Aleksei Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin - Grand Chancellor of the Russian Empire |
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