August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 141 days remaining. It is the peak of the Perseid meteor shower. It is also known as the "Glorious Twelfth" in the UK, as it marks the traditional start of the grouse shooting season. August 12 - Events. 490 BC - the Battle of Marathon, in which Athens defeated an invasion army of Persians, may have been fought on this date in the proleptic Julian calendar - but see 12 Septe ...

Including:

• August 12 - Events
• August 12 - Births
• August 12 - Deaths
• August 12 - Holidays and observations

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Alexander Nevsky is a film directed by Sergei Eisenstein and Dmitry Vasiliev released in 1938, during the Stalin era, with Nikolai Cherkasov in the title role. The screenplay is based on the 13th century conflict between the Teutonic Knights and the Russian people of Novgorod. The film follows the knights as they invade Pskov and massacre its population. Alexander Nevsky then rallies the people of Novgorod and at a battle on the surface of the frozen Lake Peipus the outnumbered Novgorodians defeat the Germanic invaders. Setting this historical defeat of Germans by Russians to film was a n ...

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A Birch bark document is a document written on pieces of birch bark. Such documents existed in several cultures. Birch bark document - Russian culture. Russian birch bark writings (Russian: берестяная грамота, berestyanaya gramota) are dated to 11th — 15th centuries. The first one was found on July 26, 1951 during excavations in Novgorod in a layer dated to the 14th-15th century junction. Since then the number of finds is close to 1,000 i ...

Including:

• Birch bark document - Russian culture
• Birch bark document - Oldest Finnic language text
• Birch bark document - Other

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Wipperfürth is a Northrhine-Westfalian municipality in the Oberbergischer Kreis, about 40 km north-east of Cologne, and the eldest town in the Bergischen Land. Wipperfürth - History. The eldest documentary mention dates from 1131. In the Siegburger Mirakelbuch the place is already designated Oppidum(=town). Manner of writing of the first naming: "Weperevorthe". between 1217 and 1222 received Wipperfürth town rights. The management of the town became in 1283 from count Adolf V. regulated from mount ...

Including:

• Wipperfürth - History
• Wipperfürth - The coat of arms of Wipperfürth
• Wipperfürth - Geography
• Wipperfürth - Geographical position
• Wipperfürth - Neighbouring municipalities
• Wipperfürth - Districts
• Wipperfürth - Localities
• Wipperfürth - Culture and places of interest
• Wipperfürth - Spare time and sport
• Wipperfürth - Economy and infrastructure
• Wipperfürth - Traffic
• Wipperfürth - Public facilities
• Wipperfürth - Health service
• Wipperfürth - Education
• Wipperfürth - Personalities
• Wipperfürth - Honorary citizen
• Wipperfürth - In Wipperfürth born
• Wipperfürth - Personalities in connection with the town
• Wipperfürth - Twin town
• Wipperfürth - Further sources of information
• Wipperfürth - Literature German
• Wipperfürth - External links

Read more here: » Wipperfürth: Encyclopedia - Wipperfürth

Ukrainian (украї́нська мо́ва, ukrayins'ka mova, [ukraˈjinsʲka ˈmɔva]) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. It is the official state language of Ukraine. Ukrainian uses a Cyrillic alphabet. It shares some vocabulary with the languages of the neighboring Slavic nations, most notably with Belarusian, Polish, Russian and Slovakian. Ukrainian traces its origins to the Old East Slavic language of the ancient state of ...

Including:

• Ukrainian language - History
• Ukrainian language - Perspective
• Ukrainian language - Origin
• Ukrainian language - Ancient history
• Ukrainian language - Kievan Rus' and Halych-Volhynia
• Ukrainian language - Post-independence: Lithuania/Poland Muscovy/Russia and Austro-Hungary
• Ukrainian language - Soviet era
• Ukrainian language - Independence in the modern era
• Ukrainian language - History of Ukrainian literature
• Ukrainian language - Current usage
• Ukrainian language - Dialects of Ukrainian
• Ukrainian language - Ukrainophone population
• Ukrainian language - Language structure
• Ukrainian language - Comparative grammar
• Ukrainian language - Phonetics
• Ukrainian language - Alphabet

Read more here: » Ukrainian language: Encyclopedia - Ukrainian language

The Varangians (Russian: Variags, Варяги) were Scandinavians who travelled eastwards, mainly from Jutland and Sweden. Promoting trade, piracy and mercenary militarism, they roamed the river systems and portages of what later became Russia, reaching the Caspian Sea and Constantinople. Their name came from Old Norse Væringjar, which may have come from the Old Norse plural noun várar = "pledge, troth". The East Slavs and the Byzantines, however, did not distinguish Scandinavians from other Germa ...

Including:

• Varangian - The Varangian Rus
• Varangian - The Varangian Guard
• Varangian - Primary Sources
• Varangian - Sources
• Varangian - Notes

Read more here: » Varangian: Encyclopedia - Varangian

The Viking Age is the name of the period between 793 and 1066 AD in Scandinavia and Britain, following the Germanic Iron Age (and the Vendel Age in Sweden). During this period, the Vikings, Scandinavian warriors, leidangs and traders, raided and explored most parts of Europe, south-western Asia, northern Africa and north-eastern North America. Apart from exploring Europe by way of its oceans and rivers with the aid of their advanced navigational skills and extending their trading routes across vast parts of the continent, they also en ...

Including:

• Viking Age - Timeline
• Viking Age - Geography
• Viking Age - British Isles
• Viking Age - Iceland
• Viking Age - Greenland
• Viking Age - Southern and Eastern Europe
• Viking Age - America
• Viking Age - Technology
• Viking Age - Religion and Archaelogy
• Viking Age - Trading Cities
• Viking Age - Place names

Read more here: » Viking Age: Encyclopedia - Viking Age

Tsar (Bulgarian and Serbian цар, Russian царь ▶ (help·info)), often spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English), was the title used for the autocratic monarchs of Bulgaria in 913-1396/1422 and 1908-1946, Serbia in the middle of the 14th century, and Russia from 1547 to 1917 (although this usage is only technically correct until 1721). Tsar - History of usage. "Tsar" is ...

Including:

• Tsar - History of usage
• Tsar - Etymology and spelling
• Tsar - Imperium maius
• Tsar - Russia
• Tsar - Full title of Russian tsars
• Tsar - Titles for Russian Tsar's family
• Tsar - Notes

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Danylo of Galicia (Ukrainian: Данило Галицький, Danylo Halyts’kyi), (1201-1264) was the 1st King of Galicia, Knyaz of Halych (1205–1206, 1211–1212, 1229–1231, 1233–1235, 1238–1255), Peremyshl (1211), and Volodymyr-Volynsky (1212–1231). He was crowned by a papal archbishop in Dorohychyn 1253/1255 as the 1st King of Galicia (1253–1264). Danylo of Halych - Biography. In 1205, after the death of his father, Roman Mstyslavyc ...

Including:

• Danylo of Halych - Biography
• Danylo of Halych - Family
• Danylo of Halych - Mother
• Danylo of Halych - Father
• Danylo of Halych - Wives
• Danylo of Halych - Brother
• Danylo of Halych - Sisters
• Danylo of Halych - Sons
• Danylo of Halych - Daughters

Read more here: » Danylo of Halych: Encyclopedia - Danylo of Halych

Batu Khan (Russian: Batyi, Батый) (c. 1205 - 1255) was a Mongol ruler, founder of the Kipchak Khanate. The term "Kipchak" came from the Kipchak Turks in the Mongol forces. Batu was a son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan. Although Genghis Khan recognized Jochi as his son, his parentage was always a question, as his mother Börte, Genghis Khan's wife, had been captured and raped, so that Jochi was born exactly nine months after her recovery by Genghis Khan. During the lifetime of Genghis, this issue was public knowledge ...

Including:

• Batu Khan - Invasion of Rus
• Batu Khan - Invasion of Central Europe

Read more here: » Batu Khan: Encyclopedia - Batu Khan

1136 - Events. Completion of the Saint Denis Basilica in Paris Peter Abelard writes the Historia Calamitatum, detailing his relationship with Heloise People of Novgorod rebel against the hereditary prince Vsevolod and depose him. Owain Gwynedd of Wales defeats the Normans at Crug Mawr. 1136 - Births. Amalric I of Jerusalem William of Newburgh, English historian (died 1198) 1136 - DeathsIncluding:

• 1136 - Events
• 1136 - Births
• 1136 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1136: Encyclopedia - 1136

1323 - Events. Canonization of Saint Thomas Aquinas Lithuania: Vilnius becomes capital August 12 - The Treaty of Nöteborg between Sweden and Novgorod (Russia) is signed, regulating the border for the first time Pharos of Alexandria Lighthouse (one of the Seven Wonders of the world) is destroyed by a series of earthquakes 1323 - Births. Constance of Penafiel, daughter of Juan Manuel "El Scritor" de Castile (die ...

Including:

• 1323 - Events
• 1323 - Births
• 1323 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1323: Encyclopedia - 1323

1478 - Events. February 18 - George, Duke of Clarence, convicted of treason against his older brother Edward IV of England, is privately executed in the Tower of London. April 26 - The Pazzi attack Lorenzo de' Medici and kill his brother Giuliano during High Mass in the Florence Cathedral. December 28 - Battle of Giornico - Swiss troops defeat the Milanese. Lorenzo de' Medici becomes sole ruler of Florence Grand Prince Ivan III of Moscow conquers Novgorod Vladisl ...

Including:

• 1478 - Events
• 1478 - Births
• 1478 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1478: Encyclopedia - 1478

862 - Events. Rurik gained control of Novgorod. Fan Chuo finishes his Manchu ("book of the southern tribes"). First written record of Murom. 862 - Births. 862 - Deaths. July 2 - St. Swithun, English bishop Category: 862 ...

Including:

• 862 - Events
• 862 - Births
• 862 - Deaths

Read more here: » 862: Encyclopedia - 862

White Russia is a name that was historically applied to different regions in Eastern Europe, most often to the region that roughly corresponds to the present-day Belarus. Many languages today continue to use this obsolete name when referring to Belarus, see wiktionary:Belarus. Because of its association with perceived Russian and Soviet imperialism, some consider the name derogatory. White Russia - The meaning of the name and its translation. The name "White Russia" is a literal, although not entirely corre ...

Including:

• White Russia - The meaning of the name and its translation
• White Russia - History

Read more here: » White Russia: Encyclopedia - White Russia

Vasili II Vasiliyevich Tyomniy (Blind) (Василий II Васильевич Тёмный in Russian) (March 10, 1415 – March 27, 1462) was the Grand Prince of Moscow whose long reign (1425-1462) was plagued by the greatest civil war of medieval Russian history. Vasili II of Russia - First ten years of internecine struggle. Vasily II was the eldest son of Vasili I Dmitriyevich by Sofia, the only daughter of Vytautas the Great. On his father's death he was proclaimed Grand Duke at the tender age o ...

Including:

• Vasili II of Russia - First ten years of internecine struggle
• Vasili II of Russia - Vasili's fight with Kazan and Shemyaka
• Vasili II of Russia - Later reign and policies
• Vasili II of Russia - External link

Read more here: » Vasili II of Russia: Encyclopedia - Vasili II of Russia

MTW divides the strategic map among a large number of factions. There are three types of factions: major playable factions (any one of which the player chooses to control), major unplayable factions, and minor factions. Major factions, listed below, can control several provinces, have hereditary rulers, and generally act in an organized manner. They have a faction flag and distinctive color. Minor factions control a single province, usually raise only low-quality troops, and rarely act with any kind of coordination. They represent minor civi ...

See also:

Medieval: Total War, Medieval: Total War - Gameplay, Medieval: Total War - Factions, Medieval: Total War - Almohads, Medieval: Total War - Byzantines, Medieval: Total War - Danes, Medieval: Total War - Egyptians, Medieval: Total War - English, Medieval: Total War - French, Medieval: Total War - Holy Roman Empire, Medieval: Total War - Italians, Medieval: Total War - Polish, Medieval: Total War - Russians, Medieval: Total War - Spanish, Medieval: Total War - Turks, Medieval: Total War - Unplayable Factions, Medieval: Total War - Viking Factions, Medieval: Total War - Buildings and Units

Read more here: » Medieval: Total War: Encyclopedia II - Medieval: Total War - Factions

The peace treaty of Nöteborg in 1323, with which the pogosta (church parish) of Savilahti was transferred from the control of Novgorod to Sweden, is the oldest written record of the settlement in the present region of Mikkeli. The locality received its present name Mikkeli after Archangel Michael by the early 16th century at the latest. On January 23, 1597, more than 200 peasant rebels (called "club men" after their primitive arms) were killed in the ...

See also:

Mikkeli, Mikkeli - History, Mikkeli - Interesting facts

Read more here: » Mikkeli: Encyclopedia II - Mikkeli - History

Before becoming a monk, Nil Sorsky worked as a scribe and was engaged in book copying. Later in his life, he took monastic vows at the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, which had been known for its hostile stance towards monastic landownership. The founder of the monastery – Saint Kirill of Beloozero – was himself known for rejecting villages that had been offered to him by devout nobles. Kirill’s followers adopted his ways and would later become known as the startsy from out the Volga with Nil Sorsky as their leader. Soon, h ...

See also:

Nil Sorsky, Nil Sorsky - Early life, Nil Sorsky - Novgorod heresy affair, Nil Sorsky - Teaching and influence

Read more here: » Nil Sorsky: Encyclopedia II - Nil Sorsky - Early life

Jogaila (or Jagiełło) was from the Gediminid dynasty of dukes and grand dukes of Lithuania. His father was Algirdas (or Olgierd, ruled 1345-1377), duke of Lithuania, a son of Gediminas. He was born in Vilnius, Lithuania. With the Union of Krewo in 1385, Jagiello married Queen Jadwiga of Poland (who was then only 11 years old) and established the Jagiellonian dynasty, which would rule in Poland and Lithuania until 1572. At the same time, Jagiello accepted Roman Catholicism, as did some other Lithuanian nobles. Thus he b ...

See also:

Władysław II Jagiełło, Władysław II Jagiełło - Royal title, Władysław II Jagiełło - Biography, Władysław II Jagiełło - Dynastic Relations, Władysław II Jagiełło - Mother, Władysław II Jagiełło - Father, Władysław II Jagiełło - Wives, Władysław II Jagiełło - Brothers, Władysław II Jagiełło - Sisters, Władysław II Jagiełło - Sons, Władysław II Jagiełło - Daughters, Władysław II Jagiełło - Bibliography

Read more here: » Władysław II Jagiełło: Encyclopedia II - Władysław II Jagiełło - Biography

The element Pradesh appears in the names of many Indian states. It means "land" or "province" in Sanskrit. Andhra Pradesh: Land of the Andhras. Andhra also denotes "south" in Sanskrit - the equivalent of Australis in Latin. Arunachal Pradesh: In Sanskrit, aruna means "dawn-lit" and anchal "mountains" Bihar - from vihara ("Buddhist monastery"). Foreign invaders often used abandoned viharas as military cantonments; the word Bihar may have come from the large number ...

See also:

List of subnational name etymologies, List of subnational name etymologies - Australia, List of subnational name etymologies - Austria, List of subnational name etymologies - Belgium, List of subnational name etymologies - Canada, List of subnational name etymologies - People's Republic of China, List of subnational name etymologies - Czech Republic, List of subnational name etymologies - Denmark, List of subnational name etymologies - Finland, List of subnational name etymologies - France, List of subnational name etymologies - Germany, List of subnational name etymologies - Greece, List of subnational name etymologies - India, List of subnational name etymologies - Iran, List of subnational name etymologies - Italy, List of subnational name etymologies - Korea, List of subnational name etymologies - Mexico, List of subnational name etymologies - Netherlands, List of subnational name etymologies - New Zealand, List of subnational name etymologies - Pakistan, List of subnational name etymologies - Papua New Guinea, List of subnational name etymologies - Poland, List of subnational name etymologies - Romania, List of subnational name etymologies - Russia, List of subnational name etymologies - Spain, List of subnational name etymologies - Switzerland, List of subnational name etymologies - Republic of China Taiwan, List of subnational name etymologies - Ukraine, List of subnational name etymologies - United Kingdom, List of subnational name etymologies - United States

Read more here: » List of subnational name etymologies: Encyclopedia II - List of subnational name etymologies - India