Novgorod - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Novgorod: Encyclopedia Ii - Novgorod - History
Main article: Novgorod Republic Novgorod is the most ancient Slavic city recorded in Russia. The chronicle first mentions it in 859, when...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1944: Encyclopedia - 1944
1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). 1944 - Events. January 4 - The Battle of Monte ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yuri Ii: Encyclopedia - Yuri Ii
Yuriy II (Юрий II), also known as George II of Vladimir or Georgy II Vsevolodovich (1189 - 1238), was the 4th Grand Prince of Vladimi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vladimir-suzdal: Encyclopedia - Vladimir-suzdal
Vladimir-Suzdal Principality, Vladimir-Suzdal Grand Duchy (Russian: Влади́миро-Су́здальское кня́жество), ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bylina: Encyclopedia - Bylina
Bylina (Russian: были́на, also Byliny and Stariny) is a traditional epic, heroic narrative poetry of early East Slavs of Kievan Ru...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Book Of Veles: Encyclopedia - Book Of Veles
The Book of Veles (also: Veles Book, Vles book, Vlesbook, Isenbeck's Planks, Велесова книга, Влес книга, Влеск...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yuan Dynasty: Encyclopedia - Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty (Mongolian: Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus; Chinese: 元朝 or 大元帝國) lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, also call...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vodka: Encyclopedia - Vodka
Vodka is a typically colorless liquor, usually distilled from fermented grain. It is commonly thought that the term is a diminutive of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Volokolamsk: Encyclopedia - Volokolamsk
Volokolamsk (Russian: Волокола́мск) is an administrative center of the Volokolamsk Raion (district) of the Moscow Oblast (pro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cholera Riots: Encyclopedia - Cholera Riots
The Cholera Riots (Холерные бунты in Russian) were the anti-serf riots of the urban population, peasants and soldiers in Rus...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vologda: Encyclopedia - Vologda
Vologda (Russian: Во́логда) is a city in Russia, administrative center of Vologda Oblast. It is located at 59°12′N 39°51′E,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Birger Jarl: Encyclopedia - Birger Jarl
Birger jarl ▶ (help·info) (English: "Earl Birger"), full name Birger Magnusson of Bjälbo (1210 – October 21, 1266), was a Swedish s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Adam Olearius: Encyclopedia - Adam Olearius
Adam Olearius (born Adam Oehlschlaeger) (1603-1671), German scholar, mathematician, geographer and librarian. He became secretary to the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 13th Century: Encyclopedia - 13th Century
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. In the history of European...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Russia: Encyclopedia - Russia
The Russian Federation (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Fed...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bogomilism: Encyclopedia - Bogomilism
Bogomilism is the Gnostic dualistic sect, the synthesis of Armenian Paulicianism and local Slavonic Church reform movement in Bulgaria be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ögedei Khan: Encyclopedia - Ögedei Khan
Ögedei, (also Ögädäi, Ögedäi, Ogotai, etc.) (1186-1241), was the third son of Genghis Khan. He succeeded his father to rule as the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 15th Century: Encyclopedia - 15th Century
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. 15th century - Events. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Viking: Encyclopedia - Viking
The name Viking is a borrowed word from the native Scandinavian term for the Norse warriors who raided the coasts of Scandinavia, the Bri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baltic Sea: Encyclopedia - Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53 deg. to 66 deg. north latitude and from 20 deg. to 26 deg. east longitude. It is bo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - August 12: Encyclopedia - August 12
August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 141 days remaining. It is the peak of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander Nevsky Film: Encyclopedia - Alexander Nevsky Film
Alexander Nevsky is a film directed by Sergei Eisenstein and Dmitry Vasiliev released in 1938, during the Stalin era, with Nikolai Cherka...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Birch Bark Document: Encyclopedia - Birch Bark Document
A Birch bark document is a document written on pieces of birch bark. Such documents existed in several cultures. Birch bark document - Ru...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wipperfürth: Encyclopedia - Wipperfürth
Wipperfürth is a Northrhine-Westfalian municipality in the Oberbergischer Kreis, about 40 km north-east of Cologne, and the eldest town ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ukrainian Language: Encyclopedia - Ukrainian Language
Ukrainian (украї́нська мо́ва, ukrayins'ka mova, [ukraˈjinsʲka ˈmɔva]) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Varangian: Encyclopedia - Varangian
The Varangians (Russian: Variags, Варяги) were Scandinavians who travelled eastwards, mainly from Jutland and Sweden. Promoting tra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Viking Age: Encyclopedia - Viking Age
The Viking Age is the name of the period between 793 and 1066 AD in Scandinavia and Britain, following the Germanic Iron Age (and the Ven...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tsar: Encyclopedia - Tsar
Tsar (Bulgarian and Serbian цар, Russian царь ▶ (help·info)), often spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English),...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Danylo Of Halych: Encyclopedia - Danylo Of Halych
Danylo of Galicia (Ukrainian: Данило Галицький, Danylo Halyts’kyi), (1201-1264) was the 1st King of Galicia, Knyaz of H...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Batu Khan: Encyclopedia - Batu Khan
Batu Khan (Russian: Batyi, Батый) (c. 1205 - 1255) was a Mongol ruler, founder of the Kipchak Khanate. The term "Kipchak" came from ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1136: Encyclopedia - 1136
1136 - Events. Completion of the Saint Denis Basilica in Paris Peter Abelard writes the Historia Calamitatum, detailing his relationsh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1323: Encyclopedia - 1323
1323 - Events. Canonization of Saint Thomas Aquinas Lithuania: Vilnius becomes capital August 12 - The Treaty of Nöteborg between S...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1478: Encyclopedia - 1478
1478 - Events. February 18 - George, Duke of Clarence, convicted of treason against his older brother Edward IV of England, is private...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 862: Encyclopedia - 862
862 - Events. Rurik gained control of Novgorod. Fan Chuo finishes his Manchu ("book of the southern tribes"). First written record of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - White Russia: Encyclopedia - White Russia
White Russia is a name that was historically applied to different regions in Eastern Europe, most often to the region that roughly corres...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vasili Ii Of Russia: Encyclopedia - Vasili Ii Of Russia
Vasili II Vasiliyevich Tyomniy (Blind) (Василий II Васильевич Тёмный in Russian) (March 10, 1415 – March 27, 146...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Medieval: Total War: Encyclopedia Ii - Medieval: Total War - Factions
MTW divides the strategic map among a large number of factions. There are three types of factions: major playable factions (any one of wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mikkeli: Encyclopedia Ii - Mikkeli - History
The peace treaty of Nöteborg in 1323, with which the pogosta (church parish) of Savilahti was transferred from the control of Novgorod t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nil Sorsky: Encyclopedia Ii - Nil Sorsky - Early Life
Before becoming a monk, Nil Sorsky worked as a scribe and was engaged in book copying. Later in his life, he took monastic vows at the Ki...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Władysław Ii Jagiełło: Encyclopedia Ii - Władysław Ii Jagiełło - Biography
Jogaila (or Jagiełło) was from the Gediminid dynasty of dukes and grand dukes of Lithuania. His father was Algirdas (or Olgierd, ruled ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Subnational Name Etymologies: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Subnational Name Etymologies - India
The element Pradesh appears in the names of many Indian states. It means "land" or "province" in Sanskrit. Andhra Pradesh: Land of the A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jórvík: Encyclopedia Ii - Jórvík - History
York had been founded as the Roman legionary fortress of Eboracum and revived as the Anglo-Saxon trading port of Eoforwic. It was first c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mikhail Of Chernihiv: Encyclopedia Ii - Mikhail Of Chernihiv - Life
Mikhail was the only known son of Vsevolod IV of Kiev by a Polish princess. From 1216 he was a prince of Pereyaslav. In 1223 he participa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Russkaya Pravda: Encyclopedia Ii - Russkaya Pravda - Institutions
“Pravda Yaroslavichey” increased responsibility of a given community for killing knyaz’es soldiers, tiuns (“tiun”, a privileged...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nizhny Novgorod: Encyclopedia Ii - Nizhny Novgorod - History
Nizhny Novgorod - A seat of medieval princes. The city was founded by Grand Duke George II of Russia in 1221 at the confluence of two m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Old Believers: Encyclopedia Ii - Old Believers - Reform Based On Books Used By Greeks Unified With Rome
Nikon, supported by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (1629-1676), gathered a home council and convinced the clergy of the need to compare Russian...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Władysław Ii Jagiełło: Encyclopedia Ii - Władysław Ii Jagiełło - Biography
Jogaila was from the Gediminid dynasty of dukes and grand dukes of Lithuania. His father was Algirdas (or Olgierd, ruled 1345-1377), duke...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military Settlement: Encyclopedia Ii - Military Settlement - Internal Organization
The quartered military forces were being formed from among married soldiers, who had already served in the army for no less than six year...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rochester New York: Encyclopedia Ii - Rochester New York - Culture And Recreation
Rochester is home to a number of cultural institutions including the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra, the George Eastman House Internati...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Novaya Zemlya: Encyclopedia Ii - Novaya Zemlya - Nuclear Testing
A nuclear testing site named North Test Site was constructed in the mid-1950s, and existed during much of the Cold War. "Site A", Chyorna...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Northern Crusades: Encyclopedia Ii - Northern Crusades - Subjugation Of Livonians And Estonians
Between 1030 and 1197 pagan Estonia was attacked no less than thirteen times by Russians and also by Sweden and Denmark. In addition to m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Finnish Karelia: Encyclopedia Ii - Finnish Karelia - History
Main article: History of Karelia During the 13th century Karelia was fought over between Novgorod and Sweden. In some Swedish sources the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander Suvorov: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander Suvorov - Scourge Of The Poles And The Turks
From 1777 to 1783 Suvorov served in the Crimea and in the Caucasus, becoming a lieutenant-general in 1780, and general of infantry in 178...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kronstadt: Encyclopedia Ii - Kronstadt - History
Kronstadt was founded in 1710 by Peter the Great, who took the island of Kotlin from the Swedes in 1703, when the first fortifications we...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kievan Rus': Encyclopedia Ii - Kievan Rus' - The Golden Age Of Kiev
The region of Kiev dominated the state of Kievan Rus′ for the next two centuries. The grand prince (velikiy kniaz') of Kiev controlled ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nikolai Rimsky-korsakov: Encyclopedia Ii - Nikolai Rimsky-korsakov - Biography
Born at Tikhvin, near Novgorod, into an aristocratic family, Rimsky-Korsakov showed musical ability from an early age, but studied at the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Russian Ruble: Encyclopedia Ii - Russian Ruble - History
The amount of precious metal in a ruble varied over time. In a 1704 currency reform, Peter I standardized the ruble to 28 grams of silver...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Knyaz: Encyclopedia Ii - Knyaz - Etymology
The etymology is directly related to the English King, the German König, and the Scandinavian konung. It was probably borrowed early fro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rus' People: Encyclopedia Ii - Rus' People - The Normanist Theory
This theory is called the Normanist theory, as it suggests that Kievan Rus' may have been named after its Scandinavian overlords just as ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Rivers Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Rivers Of Europe - Barents Sea And White Sea Arctic Ocean
The rivers in this section are sorted east (Novaya Zemlya) to west (North Cape, Norway). In Russia: Pechora (north-east of Naryan-Mar) ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mongol Invasion Of Rus: Encyclopedia Ii - Mongol Invasion Of Rus - The Age Of Tatar Yoke
This time the invaders came to stay, and they built for themselves a capital, called Sarai, on the lower Volga. Here the commander of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nicholas Ii Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - Nicholas Ii Of Russia - Family Background And Early Life
Nicholas was the eldest son of Emperor Alexander III and his Empress Maria Fyodorovna (born Princess Dagmar of Denmark). His paternal gra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Flags: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Flags - National Flags
List of flags - A. Flag of Afghanistan - Flag of Albania - Flag of Algeria - Flag of American Samoa - Flag of Andorra - Flag of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Medieval Art: Encyclopedia Ii - Medieval Art - Overview
Medieval artists in Europe depended, in varying degrees, upon artistic heritage of the Roman Empire and upon the legacy of the early Chri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Staraya Ladoga: Encyclopedia Ii - Staraya Ladoga - Ladoga Under Rurik And Rurikids
In 862, the legendary Varangian leader Rurik arrived to Ladoga and made it his capital. Rurik's successors later moved to Novgorod and th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1260s: Encyclopedia Ii - 1260s - War And Politics
1260s - Europe. 1260 - The Baltic Samogatians and Curonians defeat the Teutonic knights in the Battle of Durbe. 1263 - October - Kin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mongol Invasion Of Rus: Encyclopedia Ii - Mongol Invasion Of Rus - The Age Of Tatar Yoke
This time the invaders came to stay, and they built for themselves a capital, called Sarai, on the lower Volga. Here the commander of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kronstadt: Encyclopedia Ii - Kronstadt - History
Kronstadt was founded in 1710 by Peter the Great, who took the island of Kotlin from the Swedes in 1703, when the first fortifications we...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Karelians: Encyclopedia Ii - Karelians - History
The Karelians were one of many Finnic-speaking tribes whose linguistical ancestors are believed to have been living in Finland since the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Russian Navy: Encyclopedia Ii - Russian Navy - History
Main articles: Imperial Russian Navy, Soviet Navy. The origins of the Russian navy may be traced to the period between the 4th and the 6t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yuan Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Yuan Dynasty - Birth Of The Yuan
Yuan Dynasty - Founding an Empire. Temujin, later to be more prominently known as Genghis Khan, was the first in the line of Yuan ruler...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Viking Age: Encyclopedia Ii - Viking Age - Geography
There are various theories concerning the causes of the Viking invasions. For people living along the coast, it would seem natural to see...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Central Asia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Central Asia - Prehistory
Recent genetic studies have concluded that humans arrived in the region around 40,000 to 50,000 years ago, making the region one of the o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - White Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - White Russia - History
Many other variants of this name appeared in ancient maps: for instance, Russia Alba, Russija Alba, Wit Rusland, Weiss Reussen, White Rus...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Strasbourg: Encyclopedia Ii - Strasbourg - History
At the site of Strasbourg, the Romans established a military outpost and named it Argentoratum. It belonged to the Germania Superior Roma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sergei Rachmaninoff: Encyclopedia Ii - Sergei Rachmaninoff - Life
Sergei Rachmaninoff - Youth. Rachmaninoff was born in Semyonovo, near Novgorod in north-western Russia, into a noble family of Tatar de...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Belarus: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Belarus - Early History
The history of Belarus, or, more correctly of the Belarusian ethnicity, begins with the migration and expansion of the Slavic peoples thr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Viking: Encyclopedia Ii - Viking - Etymology
The etymology of "Viking" is somewhat unclear. One path might be from the Old Norse word, vík, meaning "bay," "creek," or "inlet," and t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vasili Ii Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - Vasili Ii Of Russia - First Ten Years Of Internecine Struggle
Vasily II was the eldest son of Vasili I Dmitriyevich by Sofia, the only daughter of Vytautas the Great. On his father's death he was pro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Finland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Finland - Earliest Origins Of The Finns
Finnish and Sami — the language of Lapland's small indigenous minority — are both Finno-Ugric languages and are in the Uralic rather ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tsar: Encyclopedia Ii - Tsar - Russia
In 1547, Ivan IV of Russia, of the Moscovian dynasty, changed his title from "Veliki Kniaz (Grand Duke) of the whole Rus" to "tsar of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Estonia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Estonia - Period Of Soviet And German Occupation
History of Estonia - Creation of Estonian SSR. On June 16-17, 1940, the Soviet troops occupied the whole territory of Estonia and deman...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ukrainian Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Ukrainian Language - History
Ukrainian language - Perspective. Before the eighteenth century the precursor to the modern Ukrainian language was a vernacular languag...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Swedish Nobility: Encyclopedia Ii - Swedish Nobility - Medieval Nobility
The nobility in Sweden (and Finland) dates back to 1280 when it was agreed that magnates who could afford to contribute to the cavalry wi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Varangian: Encyclopedia Ii - Varangian - The Varangian Guard
Varangians first appear in the Byzantine world in 839, when the emperor Theophilus negotiated with the Varangians, whom he called Rhos, t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wipperfürth: Encyclopedia Ii - Wipperfürth - Economy And Infrastructure
During the industrial revolution several companies originated in the area of the textile industry. The most important industry company is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - High Middle Ages - Historical Events And Politics
High Middle Ages - Britain. Main article: Britain in the Middle Ages and Scotland in the High Middle Ages In England, the Norman Conq...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Perkūnas: Encyclopedia Ii - Perkūnas - Name Origins
Perkūnas and Pērkons have cognates outside of the Baltic languages, such as: Old Slavic - Perun Belarus - Pyarun Old Indian - Parjanya...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Grand Duchy Of Lithuania: Encyclopedia Ii - Grand Duchy Of Lithuania - History
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania began its rise under the reign of Grand Duke Mindaugas (or Mindoŭh in Belarusian) beginning in 1238. Mindau...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Renaissance Of The 12th Century: Encyclopedia Ii - Renaissance Of The 12th Century - Context
The key historical trend of the High Middle Ages was the rapidly increasing population of Europe, which brought about great social and po...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Patriarch Nikon: Encyclopedia Ii - Patriarch Nikon - Nikon's Reforms
Nikon's attitude on this occasion was not affectation, but the wise determination of a would-be reformer to secure a free hand. Ecclesias...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ingria: Encyclopedia Ii - Ingria - History
In the Viking age/late Iron Age, from the 750s and on, Ingria was a bridgehead on the Varangian trade route to Eastern Europe. A Varangia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gard Agdi: Encyclopedia Ii - Gard Agdi - Descendants Of Gard
Gard Agdi - Sons of Gard. Gard was father of seven sons: Hörd (Hǫrðr), Rúgálf (Rúgálfr), Thrym (Þrymr), Végard (Végarðr), Fr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Old Norse Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Old Norse Language - Dialects And Texts
The earliest inscriptions in Old Norse are runic, from the 8th century (although there are 200 inscriptions in Proto-Norse going as far b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Perm: Encyclopedia Ii - Perm - Modern City
The city is a major administrative, industrial, scientific, and cultural center. The leading industries include machinery, defence, oil p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nord-norge: Encyclopedia Ii - Nord-norge - History
The oldest culture in the area is called Komsa, named after a mountain in Alta. The first people possibly came around 12-13,000 years ago...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pskov: Encyclopedia Ii - Pskov - Early History
The name of the city, originally spelled Pleskov, may be loosely translated as "the town of purling waters". Its earliest mention comes i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haakon Iv Of Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - Haakon Iv Of Norway - Background And Childhood
Håkon's mother was Inga of Varteig. She claimed he was the illegitimate son of Håkon III of Norway, the leader of the birkebeiner facti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vladimir-suzdal: Encyclopedia Ii - Vladimir-suzdal - Origin
The principality occupied vast territory in the North-East of Kievan Rus approximately bounded by Volga, Oka, and Northern Dvina. In the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Russia - Imperial Russia
Main article: Imperial Russia History of Russia - Peter the Great. Peter I, the Great (1672–1725), consolidated autocracy in Russia a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vodka: Encyclopedia Ii - Vodka - History
The origins of vodka (and of its name) cannot be traced definitively, but it is believed to have originated in the grain-growing region t...   » Read the article