nosocomial infection

Antibiotic resistance is the ability of a microorganism to withstand the effects of an antibiotic. Antibiotic resistance naturally develops via natural selection through random mutation and plasmid exchange between bacteria of the same species. Antibiotic resistance can also be introduced artificially into a microorganism through transformation protocols. If a bacterium carries several resistance genes, it is called multiresistant or, informally, a superbug. Antibiotic resistance - Causes. Ant ...

Including:

• Antibiotic resistance - Causes
• Antibiotic resistance - Resistant pathogens
• Antibiotic resistance - Alternatives to antibiotics
• Antibiotic resistance - Prevention
• Antibiotic resistance - Vaccines
• Antibiotic resistance - Phage therapy

Read more here: » Antibiotic resistance: Encyclopedia - Antibiotic resistance

Staphylococcus aureus (colloquially known as "Staph aureus") is one of the major resistant pathogens. Found on the mucous membranes and the skin of around a third of the population, it is extremely adaptable to antibiotic pressure. It was the first bacterium in which penicillin resistance was found -- in 1947, just four years after the drug started being mass-produced. Methicillin was then the antibiotic of choice. MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) was first detected in Britain in 1961 and is now "quite common" ...

See also:

Antibiotic resistance, Antibiotic resistance - Causes, Antibiotic resistance - Resistant pathogens, Antibiotic resistance - Antibiotic resistance and the role of animals, Antibiotic resistance - Alternatives to antibiotics, Antibiotic resistance - Prevention, Antibiotic resistance - Vaccines, Antibiotic resistance - Phage therapy, Antibiotic resistance - Development of newer antibiotics

Read more here: » Antibiotic resistance: Encyclopedia II - Antibiotic resistance - Resistant pathogens

Staphylococcus aureus (colloquially known as "Staph aureus") is one of the major resistant pathogens. Found on the mucous membranes and the skin of around a third of the population, it is extremely adaptable to antibiotic pressure. It was the first bacterium in which penicillin resistance was found -- in 1947, just four years after the drug started being mass-produced. Methicillin was then the antibiotic of choice. MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) was first detected in Britain in 1961 and is now "quite common" ...

See also:

Antibiotic resistance, Antibiotic resistance - Causes, Antibiotic resistance - Resistant pathogens, Antibiotic resistance - Alternatives to antibiotics, Antibiotic resistance - Prevention, Antibiotic resistance - Vaccines, Antibiotic resistance - Phage therapy

Read more here: » Antibiotic resistance: Encyclopedia II - Antibiotic resistance - Resistant pathogens

Antibiotic resistance - Prevention. Wash hands properly to reduce the chance of getting sick and spreading infection. Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly. Avoid raw eggs and undercooked meat, especially in ground form. Do not demand antibiotics from your physician; if antibiotics are not prescribed, there is a reason. When given antibiotics, take them exactly as prescribed, and complete the full course of treatment; do not hoard pills for later use, or share leftover antibi ...

See also:

Antibiotic resistance, Antibiotic resistance - Causes, Antibiotic resistance - Resistant pathogens, Antibiotic resistance - Antibiotic resistance and the role of animals, Antibiotic resistance - Alternatives to antibiotics, Antibiotic resistance - Prevention, Antibiotic resistance - Vaccines, Antibiotic resistance - Phage therapy, Antibiotic resistance - Development of newer antibiotics

Read more here: » Antibiotic resistance: Encyclopedia II - Antibiotic resistance - Alternatives to antibiotics

The resistance problem demands that a renewed effort be made to seek antibacterial agents effective against pathogenic bacteria resistant to current antibiotics. One of the possible strategies towards this objective is the rational localization of bioactive phytochemicals. Plants have an almost limitless ability to synthesize aromatic substances, most of which are phenols or their oxygen-substituted derivatives such as tannins. Most are secondary metabolites, of which at least 12,000 have been isolated, a number estimated to be less than 10% ...

See also:

Antibiotic resistance, Antibiotic resistance - Causes, Antibiotic resistance - Resistant pathogens, Antibiotic resistance - Antibiotic resistance and the role of animals, Antibiotic resistance - Alternatives to antibiotics, Antibiotic resistance - Prevention, Antibiotic resistance - Vaccines, Antibiotic resistance - Phage therapy, Antibiotic resistance - Development of newer antibiotics

Read more here: » Antibiotic resistance: Encyclopedia II - Antibiotic resistance - Development of newer antibiotics

Antibiotic resistance is a consequence of evolution via natural selection. The antibiotic action is an environmental pressure; those bacteria which have a mutation allowing them to survive will live on to reproduce. They will then pass this trait to their offspring, which will be a fully resistant generation. Several studies have demonstrated that patterns of antibiotic usage greatly affect the number of resistant organisms which develop. Overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as second- and third-generation cephalosporins, great ...

See also:

Antibiotic resistance, Antibiotic resistance - Causes, Antibiotic resistance - Resistant pathogens, Antibiotic resistance - Alternatives to antibiotics, Antibiotic resistance - Prevention, Antibiotic resistance - Vaccines, Antibiotic resistance - Phage therapy

Read more here: » Antibiotic resistance: Encyclopedia II - Antibiotic resistance - Causes

MRSA is acknowledged to be a human commensal and pathogen. MRSA has been found in cats, dogs and horses, where it can cause the same problems as it does in humans. Owners can transfer the organism to their pets and vice-versa, and MRSA in animals is generally believe to be derived from humans. This is not the case for other pathogens, however. There are concerns that some antibiotic resistant organisms may derive from the use of antibiotics in food animals. 15% of all antibiotics manufactured in Europe are used on animals. For precise ...

See also:

Antibiotic resistance, Antibiotic resistance - Causes, Antibiotic resistance - Resistant pathogens, Antibiotic resistance - Antibiotic resistance and the role of animals, Antibiotic resistance - Alternatives to antibiotics, Antibiotic resistance - Prevention, Antibiotic resistance - Vaccines, Antibiotic resistance - Phage therapy, Antibiotic resistance - Development of newer antibiotics

Read more here: » Antibiotic resistance: Encyclopedia II - Antibiotic resistance - Antibiotic resistance and the role of animals

Antibiotic resistance is a consequence of evolution via natural selection. The antibiotic action is an environmental pressure; those bacteria which have a mutation allowing them to survive will live on to reproduce. They will then pass this trait to their offspring, which will be a fully resistant generation. Several studies have demonstrated that patterns of antibiotic usage greatly affect the number of resistant organisms which develop. Overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as second- and third-generation cephalosporins, great ...

See also:

Antibiotic resistance, Antibiotic resistance - Causes, Antibiotic resistance - Resistant pathogens, Antibiotic resistance - Antibiotic resistance and the role of animals, Antibiotic resistance - Alternatives to antibiotics, Antibiotic resistance - Prevention, Antibiotic resistance - Vaccines, Antibiotic resistance - Phage therapy, Antibiotic resistance - Development of newer antibiotics

Read more here: » Antibiotic resistance: Encyclopedia II - Antibiotic resistance - Causes

Antibiotic resistance - Prevention. Wash hands properly to reduce the chance of getting sick and spreading infection. Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly. Avoid raw eggs and undercooked meat, especially in ground form. Do not demand antibiotics from your physician; if antibiotics are not prescribed, there is a reason. When given antibiotics, take them exactly as prescribed, and complete the full course of treatment; do not hoard pills for later use, or share leftover antibi ...

See also:

Antibiotic resistance, Antibiotic resistance - Causes, Antibiotic resistance - Resistant pathogens, Antibiotic resistance - Alternatives to antibiotics, Antibiotic resistance - Prevention, Antibiotic resistance - Vaccines, Antibiotic resistance - Phage therapy

Read more here: » Antibiotic resistance: Encyclopedia II - Antibiotic resistance - Alternatives to antibiotics

Despite this dramatic result, Semmelweis refused to communicate his method officially to the learned circles of Vienna, nor was he eager to explain it on paper. Ferdinand von Hebra finally wrote two articles in his behalf but although foreign physicians and the leading members of the Viennese school were impressed by Semmelweis' apparent discovery the papers failed to generate widespread support. His observations went against the current scientific opinion of the time, which blamed diseases (among other quite odd causes) on an imbalance of t ...

See also:

Ignaz Semmelweis, Ignaz Semmelweis - Early history, Ignaz Semmelweis - Discovery of the importance of hygiene, Ignaz Semmelweis - Rejection by the medical establishment, Ignaz Semmelweis - Breakdown and death

Read more here: » Ignaz Semmelweis: Encyclopedia II - Ignaz Semmelweis - Rejection by the medical establishment

In July 1865 Semmelweis suffered what appeared to be a nervous breakdown, though some modern historians believe his symptoms may have indicated the onset of Alzheimer's disease or senile dementia. After a journey to Vienna imposed by friends and relatives he was committed to an insane asylum, the Niederösterreichische Landesirrenanstalt in Wien Döbling, where he died only two weeks later. Traditionally, he is said to have died the victim of a generalized blood poisoning similar to that of puerperal fever, which had been contracted from a s ...

See also:

Ignaz Semmelweis, Ignaz Semmelweis - Early history, Ignaz Semmelweis - Discovery of the importance of hygiene, Ignaz Semmelweis - Rejection by the medical establishment, Ignaz Semmelweis - Breakdown and death

Read more here: » Ignaz Semmelweis: Encyclopedia II - Ignaz Semmelweis - Breakdown and death

Semmelweis was born on July 1, 1818 in Tabán, an old commercial sector of Buda, the fifth child of a prosperous shopkeeper of German origin. He received his elementary education at the Catholic Gymnasium of Buda, then completed his schooling at the University of Pest from 1835 to 1837. Semmelweis' father wanted him to become a military advocate in the service of the Austrian bureaucracy, but when Semmelweis travelled to Vienna in the fall of 1837 to enroll in its law school he was instead attracted to medicine. Apparently without parental oppo ...

See also:

Ignaz Semmelweis, Ignaz Semmelweis - Early history, Ignaz Semmelweis - Discovery of the importance of hygiene, Ignaz Semmelweis - Rejection by the medical establishment, Ignaz Semmelweis - Breakdown and death

Read more here: » Ignaz Semmelweis: Encyclopedia II - Ignaz Semmelweis - Early history

It was at the Vienna General Hospital that Semmelweis began investigating the causes of puerperal fever, against the resistance of his superiors who believed it to be non-preventable. Semmelweis became the titular house officer of the First Obstetrical Clinic in July 1846, which had a neonatal mortality rate due to puerperal fever of 13.10%. This was a known fact and many women preferred to give birth to their children on the street than being brought there. The Second Obstetrical Clinic had a mortality rate due to puerperal fever of only 2. ...

See also:

Ignaz Semmelweis, Ignaz Semmelweis - Early history, Ignaz Semmelweis - Discovery of the importance of hygiene, Ignaz Semmelweis - Rejection by the medical establishment, Ignaz Semmelweis - Breakdown and death

Read more here: » Ignaz Semmelweis: Encyclopedia II - Ignaz Semmelweis - Discovery of the importance of hygiene