Here's a short, and very general description of the ontological argument: 1) God is the greatest possible being and thus possesses all perfections. 2) Existence is a perfection. 3) God exists. This is a shorter modern version of the argument. Anselm framed the argument as a reductio ad absurdum wherein he tried to show that the assumption that God does not exist leads to a logical contradiction. The following steps more closely follow Anselm's line of reasoning: 1) God is the entity t ...

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Ontological argument, Ontological argument - Anselm's argument, Ontological argument - Philosophical assumptions underlying the argument, Ontological argument - A modern description of the argument, Ontological argument - Criticisms and Objections, Ontological argument - Gaunilo's island, Ontological argument - Necessary nonexistence, Ontological argument - Existence as a property, Ontological argument - Miscellaneous, Ontological argument - Revisionists, Ontological argument - Descartes' ontological arguments, Ontological argument - Plantinga's modal form and contemporary discussion, Ontological argument - Bibliography

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In order to understand the place this argument has in the history of philosophy, it is important to understand the essence of the argument in the context of the Influence of Hellenic philosophy on Christianity. First, it is important to realize that Anselm's argument stemmed from the philosophical school of Realism. Realism was the dominant philosophical school of Anselm's day. According to Realism, and in contrast to Nominalism, things such as "greenness" and "bigness" were known as universals, which had a real existence outside the ...

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Ontological argument, Ontological argument - Anselm's argument, Ontological argument - Philosophical assumptions underlying the argument, Ontological argument - A modern description of the argument, Ontological argument - Criticisms and Objections, Ontological argument - Gaunilo's island, Ontological argument - Necessary nonexistence, Ontological argument - Existence as a property, Ontological argument - Miscellaneous, Ontological argument - Revisionists, Ontological argument - Descartes' ontological arguments, Ontological argument - Plantinga's modal form and contemporary discussion, Ontological argument - Bibliography

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Even though it has only come to the attention of the general public in the last few decades, lucid dreaming is not a modern discovery. It is in the fifth century that we have the earliest written testimony of a lucid dream — in a letter written by St. Augustine of Hippo in 415 A.D. And even as early as the eighth century, the Tibetan Buddhists were practising a form of yoga supposed to maintain full waking consciousness while in the dream state. An early recorded lucid dreamer was the philosopher and physician Sir Thomas Browne (160 ...

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Lucid dreaming, Lucid dreaming - Achieving and recognizing lucid dreams, Lucid dreaming - Ability, Lucid dreaming - Common techniques, Lucid dreaming - Other phenomena associated with lucid dreaming, Lucid dreaming - Things to do while lucid dreaming, Lucid dreaming - History of lucid dreaming research, Lucid dreaming - Popular culture, Lucid dreaming - Books

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The ontological argument was first proposed by Anselm in Chapter 2 of the Proslogion. While Anselm did not propose an ontological system, he was very much concerned with the nature of being. He argued that there are necessary beings – things that cannot not exist – and contingent beings – things that may or may not exist, but whose existence is not necessary. Anselm presents the ontological argument as part of a prayer directed to God. He starts with a definition of God, or a necessary assumption about the nature of God, or perhaps both. "Now we believe that [the Lord] is som ...

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Ontological argument, Ontological argument - Anselm's argument, Ontological argument - Philosophical assumptions underlying the argument, Ontological argument - A modern description of the argument, Ontological argument - Criticisms and Objections, Ontological argument - Gaunilo's island, Ontological argument - Necessary nonexistence, Ontological argument - Existence as a property, Ontological argument - Miscellaneous, Ontological argument - Revisionists, Ontological argument - Descartes' ontological arguments, Ontological argument - Plantinga's modal form and contemporary discussion, Ontological argument - Bibliography

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As alluded to above, many philosophers accept the thrust of the multiple realizability argument and thus reject both physicalism and reductionism wholesale. The argument has motivated another view known as functionalism which holds that mental states aren't physical, rather, they're functional. A functional state describes a relationship between certain inputs (sensory stimuli), outputs (behavior), and other mental states. A pain is functional in virtue of having a certain causal role. That causal role is determined by certain input stimuli ...

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Philosophy of mind, Philosophy of mind - What is the mind?, Philosophy of mind - Mental events, Philosophy of mind - Mental properties, Philosophy of mind - Reductionism, Philosophy of mind - Functionalism, Philosophy of mind - What is involved in each type of cognitive process?, Philosophy of mind - What is consciousness?, Philosophy of mind - Frame issues, Philosophy of mind - Philosophers of mind

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Descartes composed a number of ontological arguments which differed from Anselm's formulation in important ways. Generally speaking, it is less a formal argument than a natural intuition. Descartes wrote in the Fifth Meditation: But if the mere fact that I can produce from my thought the idea of something entails that everything which I clearly and distinctly perceive to belong to that thing really does belong to it, is not this a possible basis for another argument to prove the existence of God? Certainly, the idea of Go ...

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Ontological argument, Ontological argument - Anselm's argument, Ontological argument - Philosophical assumptions underlying the argument, Ontological argument - A modern description of the argument, Ontological argument - Criticisms and Objections, Ontological argument - Gaunilo's island, Ontological argument - Necessary nonexistence, Ontological argument - Existence as a property, Ontological argument - Miscellaneous, Ontological argument - Revisionists, Ontological argument - Descartes' ontological arguments, Ontological argument - Plantinga's modal form and contemporary discussion, Ontological argument - Bibliography

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List of Cornell University people - Nobel laureates. Hannes Alfven - Nobel laureate (Physics 1960). Hans Bethe - Nobel laureate (Physics 1967 - for nuclear physics, notably nuclear fusion and stellar nucleosynthesis Peter J.W. Debye - Nobel laureate (Chemistry 1936). Pierre-Gilles de Gennes - Nobel laureate (Physics 1991). Vincent du Vigneaud - Nobel laureate (Chemistry 1955). Manfred Eigen - Nobel laureate (Chemistry 1967). Richard Ernst - Nobel laureat ...

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For the undergraduate class of 2009, 27.1% of applicants were admitted. Over 88% of them graduated in the top 10% of their high school class (among schools reporting class rank)[21]. Cornell's enrollment includes students from over 120 countries and all fifty U.S. states. Cor ...

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Cornell University - Main campus. Cornell's main campus is located on the eastern hill of Ithaca, New York, overlooking the city. Day Hall, the administration building, is located on East Avenue. The campus itself is situated on a rolling site of 745 acres (3 km²) on East Hill, overlooking Cayuga Lake and downtown Ithaca two miles (3 km) to the west. The 260 or so major buildings are mostly divided into quads for the Arts, Engineering, and Agricultur ...

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Cornell University - Academic units. Cornell is a private institution, receiving most of its funding through tuition, research grants, and alumni contributions. However, three of its undergraduate colleges as well as the graduate-level College of Veterinary Medicine, called contract or statutory colleges, also receive partial funding from the state of New York to support their research and service mission in niche fields. Residents of New York enrolled in the contract colleges enjoy reduced tuition. Further, the ...

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Alvin Plantinga has given us a another version of the argument, one where the conclusion follows from the premises, assuming axiom S5 of modal logic. A version of his argument is as follows: By definition a maximally great being is one that exists necessarily and necessarily is omniscient, omnipotent and perfectly good. (Premise) Possibly a maximally great being exists. (Premise) Therefore, possibly it is necessarily true that an omniscient, omnipotent and perfectly good being exists (By 1 and 2) There ...

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Ontological argument, Ontological argument - Anselm's argument, Ontological argument - Philosophical assumptions underlying the argument, Ontological argument - A modern description of the argument, Ontological argument - Criticisms and Objections, Ontological argument - Gaunilo's island, Ontological argument - Necessary nonexistence, Ontological argument - Existence as a property, Ontological argument - Miscellaneous, Ontological argument - Revisionists, Ontological argument - Descartes' ontological arguments, Ontological argument - Plantinga's modal form and contemporary discussion, Ontological argument - Bibliography

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Ludwig Wittgenstein - The Tractatus. Main article: Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus In rough order, the first half of the book sets forth the following theses: the world consists of independent atomic facts — existing states of affairs — out of which larger facts are built. Language consists of atomic, and then larger-scale propositions that correspond to these facts by sharing the same "logical form." Thought, expressed in language, "pictures" these facts.See also:

Ludwig Wittgenstein, Ludwig Wittgenstein - Life, Ludwig Wittgenstein - Early life, Ludwig Wittgenstein - World War I, Ludwig Wittgenstein - The lost years: life after the Tractatus, Ludwig Wittgenstein - Returning to Cambridge, Ludwig Wittgenstein - Final Years, Ludwig Wittgenstein - Work, Ludwig Wittgenstein - The Tractatus, Ludwig Wittgenstein - Intermediary works, Ludwig Wittgenstein - The Philosophical Investigations, Ludwig Wittgenstein - Later work, Ludwig Wittgenstein - Important publications, Ludwig Wittgenstein - Works Online, Ludwig Wittgenstein - Works about Wittgenstein, Ludwig Wittgenstein - Notes

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As of 2005, Cornell University counted over 230,000 living alumni[33]. The Office of Alumni Affairs and Development sponsors a wide variety of affinity programs, activities, and organizations, including annual Reunion Weekend and Homecoming Weekend festivities in Ithaca, and the International Spirit of Zinck's Night sponsored by Cornell offices and organizations around the world. The ...

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