The earliest known English poem is a hymn on the creation; Bede attributes this to Cædmon (fl. 658–680), who was, according to legend, an illiterate herdsman who produced extemporaneous poetry at a monastery at Whitby. This is generally taken as marking the beginning of Anglo-Saxon poetry. Much of the poetry of the period is difficult to date, or even to arrange chronologically; for example, estimates for the date of the great epic Beowulf range from AD 608 right through to AD 1000, and there has never been anything even app ...

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English poetry, English poetry - The earliest English poetry, English poetry - The Anglo-Norman period and the Later Middle Ages, English poetry - The Renaissance in England, English poetry - Early Renaissance poetry, English poetry - The Elizabethans, English poetry - Jacobean and Caroline poetry, English poetry - The Restoration and 18th century, English poetry - Satire, English poetry - 18th century classicism, English poetry - Women poets in the 18th century, English poetry - The late 18th century, English poetry - The Romantic movement, English poetry - Victorian poetry, English poetry - High Victorian poetry, English poetry - Pre-Raphaelites arts and crafts Aestheticism and the Yellow 1890s, English poetry - The 20th century, English poetry - The first three decades, English poetry - The Thirties, English poetry - The Forties, English poetry - The Fifties, English poetry - The 1960s and 1970s, English poetry - English poetry now, English poetry - Reference

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It is perhaps ironic that Paradise Lost, a story of fallen pride, was the first major poem to appear in England after the Restoration. The court of Charles II had, in its years in France, learned a worldliness and sophistication that marked it as distinctively different from the monarchies that preceded the Republic. Even if Charles had wanted to reassert the divine right of kingship, the Protestantism and taste for power of the intervening years would have rendered i ...

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English poetry, English poetry - The earliest English poetry, English poetry - The Anglo-Norman period and the Later Middle Ages, English poetry - The Renaissance in England, English poetry - Early Renaissance poetry, English poetry - The Elizabethans, English poetry - Jacobean and Caroline poetry, English poetry - The Restoration and 18th century, English poetry - Satire, English poetry - 18th century classicism, English poetry - Women poets in the 18th century, English poetry - The late 18th century, English poetry - The Romantic movement, English poetry - Victorian poetry, English poetry - High Victorian poetry, English poetry - Pre-Raphaelites arts and crafts Aestheticism and the Yellow 1890s, English poetry - The 20th century, English poetry - The first three decades, English poetry - The Thirties, English poetry - The Forties, English poetry - The Fifties, English poetry - The 1960s and 1970s, English poetry - English poetry now, English poetry - Reference

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The Victorian era was a period of great political, social and economic change. The Empire recovered from the loss of the American colonies and entered a period of rapid expansion. This expansion, combined with increasing industrialisation and mechanisation, led to a prolonged period of economic growth. The Reform Act 1832 was the beginning of a process that would eventually lead to universal suffrage. See also:

English poetry, English poetry - The earliest English poetry, English poetry - The Anglo-Norman period and the Later Middle Ages, English poetry - The Renaissance in England, English poetry - Early Renaissance poetry, English poetry - The Elizabethans, English poetry - Jacobean and Caroline poetry, English poetry - The Restoration and 18th century, English poetry - Satire, English poetry - 18th century classicism, English poetry - Women poets in the 18th century, English poetry - The late 18th century, English poetry - The Romantic movement, English poetry - Victorian poetry, English poetry - High Victorian poetry, English poetry - Pre-Raphaelites arts and crafts Aestheticism and the Yellow 1890s, English poetry - The 20th century, English poetry - The first three decades, English poetry - The Thirties, English poetry - The Forties, English poetry - The Fifties, English poetry - The 1960s and 1970s, English poetry - English poetry now, English poetry - Reference

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Christianization of Anglo-Saxon England began around AD 600, influenced by Celtic Christianity from the north-west and by the Roman Catholic Church from the south-east. The first Archbishop of Canterbury, Augustine took office in 597. In 601, he baptized the first Anglo-Saxon king, Ethelbert of Kent. The last pagan Anglo-Saxon king, Penda of Mercia, died in 655. Throughout the 7th and 8th century power fluctuated between the larger kingdoms. Bede records Aethelbert of Kent as being dominant at the close of the 6th century, but power s ...

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History of Anglo-Saxon England, History of Anglo-Saxon England - Sources, History of Anglo-Saxon England - Migration: Fifth to Sixth Centuries, History of Anglo-Saxon England - Seventh to Eighth Centuries, History of Anglo-Saxon England - First Viking Age: Ninth Century, History of Anglo-Saxon England - Formation of England: Tenth Century, History of Anglo-Saxon England - The Second Viking Age and the Norman Conquest: Eleventh Century

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Alfred of Wessex died in 899 and was succeeded by his son Edward the Elder. Edward, and his brother in law Æthelred of (what was left of) Mercia, began a program of expansion, building forts and towns on an Alfredian model. On Æthelred's death his wife (Edward's sister) Æthelflæd ruled as 'Lady of the Mercians', and continued expansion. It seems Edward had his son Athelstan brought up in the Mercian court, and on Edward's ...

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History of Anglo-Saxon England, History of Anglo-Saxon England - Sources, History of Anglo-Saxon England - Migration: Fifth to Sixth Centuries, History of Anglo-Saxon England - Seventh to Eighth Centuries, History of Anglo-Saxon England - First Viking Age: Ninth Century, History of Anglo-Saxon England - Formation of England: Tenth Century, History of Anglo-Saxon England - The Second Viking Age and the Norman Conquest: Eleventh Century

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The Renaissance was slow in coming to England, with the generally accepted start date being around 1509. It is also generally accepted that the English Renaissance extended until the Restoration in 1660. However, a number of factors had prepared the way for the introduction of the new learning long before this start date. A number of medieval poets had, as already noted, shown an interest in the ideas of Aristotle and t ...

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English poetry, English poetry - The earliest English poetry, English poetry - The Anglo-Norman period and the Later Middle Ages, English poetry - The Renaissance in England, English poetry - Early Renaissance poetry, English poetry - The Elizabethans, English poetry - Jacobean and Caroline poetry, English poetry - The Restoration and 18th century, English poetry - Satire, English poetry - 18th century classicism, English poetry - Women poets in the 18th century, English poetry - The late 18th century, English poetry - The Romantic movement, English poetry - Victorian poetry, English poetry - High Victorian poetry, English poetry - Pre-Raphaelites arts and crafts Aestheticism and the Yellow 1890s, English poetry - The 20th century, English poetry - The first three decades, English poetry - The Thirties, English poetry - The Forties, English poetry - The Fifties, English poetry - The 1960s and 1970s, English poetry - English poetry now, English poetry - Reference

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Seafood has traditionally been important to the cuisine of Jersey: mussels (called moules locally), oysters, lobster and crabs - especially spider crabs which are considered a particular delicacy. Razor-fishing, sand-eeling and limpeting used to be popular activities but have declined in importance. Ormers, being highly sought after, are conserved and fishing is restricted. Another seafood specialty is conger soup. Bean crock (les pais au fou) can best be described as a sort of Norman cassoulet and in the past was so ubi ...

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Culture of Jersey, Culture of Jersey - Languages, Culture of Jersey - Literature, Culture of Jersey - Art, Culture of Jersey - Performing arts, Culture of Jersey - Music and dance, Culture of Jersey - Religion, Culture of Jersey - Folklore and customs, Culture of Jersey - Food and drink, Culture of Jersey - Sport

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English poetry - The first three decades. The Victorian era continued into the early years of the 20th century and two figures emerged as the leading representative of the poetry of the old era to act as a bridge into the new. These were Yeats and Thomas Hardy. Yeats, although not a modernist, was to learn a lot from the new poetic movements that sprang up around him and adapted his writing to the new circumstances. Hardy was, in terms of technique at least, a more traditional figure and was to be a reference point for various anti-modernist re ...

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English poetry, English poetry - The earliest English poetry, English poetry - The Anglo-Norman period and the Later Middle Ages, English poetry - The Renaissance in England, English poetry - Early Renaissance poetry, English poetry - The Elizabethans, English poetry - Jacobean and Caroline poetry, English poetry - The Restoration and 18th century, English poetry - Satire, English poetry - 18th century classicism, English poetry - Women poets in the 18th century, English poetry - The late 18th century, English poetry - The Romantic movement, English poetry - Victorian poetry, English poetry - High Victorian poetry, English poetry - Pre-Raphaelites arts and crafts Aestheticism and the Yellow 1890s, English poetry - The 20th century, English poetry - The first three decades, English poetry - The Thirties, English poetry - The Forties, English poetry - The Fifties, English poetry - The 1960s and 1970s, English poetry - English poetry now, English poetry - Reference

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The Ormulum, an important work in the form of a Biblical gloss, helps bridge the gap between Old English and Middle English in studies of the development of the language. It was probably written in Bourne Abbey by Orm the Preacher, in around 1175. Robert Mannyng or Robert de Brunne, is well known among scholars of Middle English for his works dating from the early fourteenth century. He led the writing of English out of its eclipse by Latin and Anglo-Norman. He is often said to have been a monk in Bourne Abbey but he was a Gilbertine ...

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Bourne Abbey, Bourne Abbey - Monastic origins, Bourne Abbey - Abbots, Bourne Abbey - Literary associations, Bourne Abbey - Aerial photograph

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Gower's verse is by turns religious, political, historical, and moral—though he has been narrowly defined as "moral Gower" ever since Chaucer graced him with the epithet. His primary mode is allegory, although he shies away from sustained abstractions in favour of the plain style of the raconteur. His earliest works were probably ballades in Anglo-Norman French, which are not known to have survived. The first work which has survived is in the same language, however: it is the Speculum Meditantis, also known by the French title Mirour de l'Omme, a poem of just under 30,000 lines, containing a dense ...

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John Gower, John Gower - Life, John Gower - Works, John Gower - List of works

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As the Norman nobles of Scotland assimilated to indigenous culture they commissioned Scots versions of popular continental romances, for example: Launcelot o the Laik and The Buik o Alexander. In the early 16th century, Gavin Douglas produced a Scots translation of the Aeneid. Chaucerian, classical and French literary language continued to influence Scots literature up until the Reformation. The Complaynt of Scotland shows the interplay of la ...

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British literature, British literature - Old Celtic literature, British literature - Old English literature, British literature - Late medieval literature in England, British literature - Other medieval literatures, British literature - Early modern English literature to 1660, British literature - English language literature from 1660 to the late 18th century, British literature - Non English language literatures from the 16th century to the 19th century, British literature - 19th century English language literature, British literature - The Romantics, British literature - The 19th century novel, British literature - Victorian poets, British literature - Ireland, British literature - Wales, British literature - Scotland, British literature - English language literature since 1900, British literature - Non English language literatures since 1900, British literature - Literary prizes

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KMAX originally went on the air as KMUV-TV on October 5, 1974, and was owned by legendary television producer, Norman Lear. It was programmed as an all-movie channel, to counter-program against the other established area stations, particularly then-independent (and current Fox station) KTXL (Channel 40). However, sometime later, KMUV abandoned its all-movie format and became a Spanish-language station for most of the latter part of the 1970s. In the 1980s, Koplar Broadcasting (which owned current St. Louis WB station KPLR) purchased t ...

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KMAX-TV, KMAX-TV - History, KMAX-TV - Official site

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and Anglo-Saxons It is very difficult to establish a coherent chronology of events from Rome's departure from Britain, to the establishment of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. It is traditionally held that Rome left Britain in 410, when Emperor Honorius told the Romano-British to look to their own defence. However, even by the late 5th century the Romano-British felt they could appeal to the consul Aetius for help against invaders. Various myths and legends surround the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons, some based on documentary evidenc ...

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History of Anglo-Saxon England, History of Anglo-Saxon England - Sources, History of Anglo-Saxon England - Migration: Fifth to Sixth Centuries, History of Anglo-Saxon England - Seventh to Eighth Centuries, History of Anglo-Saxon England - First Viking Age: Ninth Century, History of Anglo-Saxon England - Formation of England: Tenth Century, History of Anglo-Saxon England - The Second Viking Age and the Norman Conquest: Eleventh Century

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On the island of Ireland, most people consider themselves to be descended from a mixture of three broad groups: the nameless, prehistoric indigenous people(s) of the isles; the successive waves from continental Europe who arrived in the centuries BC, and subsequent groups (Vikings, Normans, English and Lowland Scots) who either invaded or settled Ireland from the Middle Ages onwards. The names the ancient peoples of Ireland (creators of the Ceide Fields and Newgrange) used for themselves are not known, nor are their language(s). As la ...

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Irish people, Irish people - Descent, Irish people - Surnames, Irish people - Personal Names forenames, Irish people - Recent history, Irish people - Irish diaspora, Irish people - Notable Irish people selection

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Norman is spoken in mainland Normandy in France where it has no official status, but is classed as a regional language. In the Channel Islands, the Norman language has developed separately, but not in isolation, to form what are recognised as Jèrriais (in Jersey), Dgèrnésiais or Guernsey French (in Guernsey) and Sercquiais (or Sarkese, in Sark). Jèrriais and Dgèrnésiais are recognised as regional languages by the British and Irish governments within the framework of the British-Irish Council. Sercquiais is in fact a descendant of the 16th century Jèrriais used by the original colonist ...

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Norman language, Norman language - Geographical range, Norman language - Literature, Norman language - Writers, Norman language - History

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