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Norman architecture | A Wisdom Archive on Norman architecture | | Norman architecture A selection of articles related to Norman architecture | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Norman architecture | | | |  Norman architecture: Encyclopedia II - Norman architecture - Origin of the term development into GothicThe term may have originated with 18th century antiquarians, but its usage in a sequence of styles has been attributed to Thomas Rickman in his 1817 work An Attempt to Discriminate the Styles of English Architecture from the Conquest to the Reformation which used the labels "Norman, Early English, Decorated, and Perpendicular". The more inclusive term "Romanesque" was coined by Charles-Alexis-Adrien de Gerville in 1818.
As master masons developed the style and experimented with ways of overcoming the geometric difficulties of g ...
See also:Norman architecture, Norman architecture - Origin of the term development into Gothic, Norman architecture - Norman architecture in Normandy, Norman architecture - Norman architecture in England, Norman architecture - Religious architecture, Norman architecture - Domestic architecture, Norman architecture - Norman architecture in Scotland, Norman architecture - Religious architecture, Norman architecture - Norman architecture in Ireland, Norman architecture - Norman buildings in Sicily, Norman architecture - External link Read more here: » Norman architecture: Encyclopedia II - Norman architecture - Origin of the term development into Gothic |
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| | | | Norman architecture: Encyclopedia II - Timber framing - The structure
Timber framing - The main structure.
By tradition, the timbers, with their riven side facing out, were mortised and pegged together, often receiving triangulated bracing to reinforce other members of the structure.
The spaces between the timber frames were then infilled with wattle-and-daub, brick or rubble, with plastered faces on the exterior and interior which were often “ceiled” with wainscoting for insulation and warmth. This method of infilling the spaces created the half-timbered style, with the timbers of the frame being visible both inside and outside the building.
See also: Timber framing, Timber framing - The structure, Timber framing - The main structure, Timber framing - Jetties, Timber framing - The vertical timbers, Timber framing - The horizontal timbers, Timber framing - The sloping timbers, Timber framing - Distinctive features of modern timber frame structures, Timber framing - History and traditions, Timber framing - The English tradition, Timber framing - The French tradition, Timber framing - The German tradition, Timber framing - The Canadian tradition, Timber framing - Revival styles in later centuries, Timber framing - The benefits of timber framing, Timber framing - Disadvantages Read more here: » Timber framing: Encyclopedia II - Timber framing - The structure |
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| | | | Norman architecture: Encyclopedia II - Timber framing - The benefits of timber framing The use of timber framing in buildings offers various benefits including aesthetic ones and also structurally, as the timber frame lends itself to open plan designs and allows for complete enclosure in effective insulation for energy efficiency.
The timber frame structure goes up quickly in its modern incarnation. While some modern shops still cut the timbers with hand tools and hand guided power tools there is a rapidly adaption of CNC type machinery. This takes a lot of the repetitive labor work out of the process but currently leav ...
See also:Timber framing, Timber framing - The structure, Timber framing - The main structure, Timber framing - Jetties, Timber framing - The vertical timbers, Timber framing - The horizontal timbers, Timber framing - The sloping timbers, Timber framing - Distinctive features of modern timber frame structures, Timber framing - History and traditions, Timber framing - The English tradition, Timber framing - The French tradition, Timber framing - The German tradition, Timber framing - The Canadian tradition, Timber framing - Revival styles in later centuries, Timber framing - The benefits of timber framing, Timber framing - Disadvantages Read more here: » Timber framing: Encyclopedia II - Timber framing - The benefits of timber framing |
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| | | | Norman architecture: Encyclopedia II - Timber framing - History and traditions The techniques used in timber framing date back thousands of years, and have been used in many parts of the world during various periods such as ancient Japan, Europe and medieval England.
Half-timbered construction in the Northern European vernacular building style is characteristic of medieval and early modern England, Germany and parts of France, in localities where timber was in good supply and building stone and the skills to work it were in short supply. In half-timbered construction timbers that were riven in hal ...
See also:Timber framing, Timber framing - The structure, Timber framing - The main structure, Timber framing - Jetties, Timber framing - The vertical timbers, Timber framing - The horizontal timbers, Timber framing - The sloping timbers, Timber framing - Distinctive features of modern timber frame structures, Timber framing - History and traditions, Timber framing - The English tradition, Timber framing - The French tradition, Timber framing - The German tradition, Timber framing - The Canadian tradition, Timber framing - Revival styles in later centuries, Timber framing - The benefits of timber framing, Timber framing - Disadvantages Read more here: » Timber framing: Encyclopedia II - Timber framing - History and traditions |
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| | | | Norman architecture: Encyclopedia II - Timber framing - The benefits of timber framing The use of timber framing in buildings offers various aesthetic and structural benefits, as the timber frame lends itself to open plan designs and allows for complete enclosure in effective insulation for energy efficiency.
The timber frame structure goes up quickly in its modern incarnation. While some modern shops still cut the timbers with hand tools and hand guided power tools, modern computerized numeric control (CNC machinery has been readily adapted to the task. This eliminates much of the repetitive labor from the process, but ...
See also:Timber framing, Timber framing - The structure, Timber framing - The main structure, Timber framing - Jetties, Timber framing - The vertical timbers, Timber framing - The horizontal timbers, Timber framing - The sloping timbers, Timber framing - Distinctive features of modern timber frame structures, Timber framing - History and traditions, Timber framing - The English tradition, Timber framing - The French tradition, Timber framing - The German tradition, Timber framing - The Canadian tradition, Timber framing - Revival styles in later centuries, Timber framing - The benefits of timber framing, Timber framing - Disadvantages Read more here: » Timber framing: Encyclopedia II - Timber framing - The benefits of timber framing |
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| | | | Norman architecture: Encyclopedia II - Romanesque architecture - Surviving Romanesque buildings Listed below are examples of surviving Romanesque buildings in modern France, Germany, Spain, Ireland, Italy, England, Netherlands, Scandinavia and Central Europe.
Romanesque architecture - France.
Gordes, Abbey of Sénanque
Saint-Foy, Conques
Saint-Sernin, Toulouse
Saint-Bénigne, Dijon
Notre-Dame-du-Port, Clermont-Ferrand
Saint-Austremoine, Issoire
Notre-Dame, Orcival
Saint-Nectaire
Saint-Saturnin
Saint-Pierre, Angoul ...
See also:Romanesque architecture, Romanesque architecture - Surviving Romanesque buildings, Romanesque architecture - France, Romanesque architecture - Germany, Romanesque architecture - Spain, Romanesque architecture - Switzerland, Romanesque architecture - Ireland, Romanesque architecture - Italy, Romanesque architecture - England, Romanesque architecture - Netherlands, Romanesque architecture - Belgium, Romanesque architecture - Scandinavia, Romanesque architecture - Poland, Romanesque architecture - Central Europe Read more here: » Romanesque architecture: Encyclopedia II - Romanesque architecture - Surviving Romanesque buildings |
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| | | | Norman architecture: Encyclopedia II - Palermo - History Palermo was founded in the 8th century BC by Phoenician tradesmen around a natural harbour on the north-western coast of Sicily. The Phoenician name for the city may have been Zîz, but Greeks called it Panormus (see also List of traditional Greek place names), meaning all-port, because of its fine natural harbour. It should be noted however that the city was never Greek. Palermo is widely considered to be the most conquered city in the world, as showed in the following article.
Palermo remained a Phoenician city until the Firs ...
See also:Palermo, Palermo - History, Palermo - Demographics, Palermo - Historical population, Palermo - Main monuments, Palermo - Churches, Palermo - Palaces and Museums, Palermo - Theatres, Palermo - Other interesting sights, Palermo - Patron Saints, Palermo - Transport Read more here: » Palermo: Encyclopedia II - Palermo - History |
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| | | | Norman architecture: Encyclopedia II - Palermo - History Palermo was founded in the 8th century BC by Phoenician tradesmen around a natural harbour on the north-western coast of Sicily. The Phoenician name for the city may have been Zîz, but Greeks called it Panormus (see also List of traditional Greek place names), meaning all-port, because of its fine natural harbour. It should be noted however that the city was never Greek. Palermo is widely considered to be the most conquered city in the world, as showed in the following article.
Palermo remained a Phoenician city until the Firs ...
See also:Palermo, Palermo - History, Palermo - Demographics, Palermo - Historical population, Palermo - Main monuments, Palermo - Churches, Palermo - Palaces and Museums, Palermo - Teatro Massimo, Palermo - Other interesting sights, Palermo - Patron Saints, Palermo - Transport Read more here: » Palermo: Encyclopedia II - Palermo - History |
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| | | | Norman architecture: Encyclopedia II - Normandy - Culture
Normandy - Languages.
The Norman language, a regional language, is spoken by a minority of the population, especially in the Cotentin peninsula in the far West and in the Pays de Caux in the East. Many place names show the influence of this Norse-influenced oïl language; for example -bec (stream), -fleur (river), -hou (island), -tot (homestead).
Normandy - Arts.
Main article is ...
See also:Normandy, Normandy - Population, Normandy - Geography, Normandy - Regions, Normandy - Rivers, Normandy - History, Normandy - Channel Islands, Normandy - Culture, Normandy - Languages, Normandy - Arts, Normandy - Religion, Normandy - Food and drink, Normandy - Symbols Read more here: » Normandy: Encyclopedia II - Normandy - Culture |
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| | | | Norman architecture: Encyclopedia II - Normans - Norman characteristics Normans should not be confused with other Viking groups, such as the Vikings known as Danes in England and the Vikings known as Varangians in Russia.
Geoffrey Malaterra characterized the Normans as "specially marked by cunning, despising their own inheritance in the hope of winning a greater, eager after both gain and dominion, given to imitation of all kinds, holding a certain mean between lavishness and greediness, that is, perhaps uniting, as they certainly did, these two seemingly opposite qualities. Their chief men were specia ...
See also:Normans, Normans - Norman characteristics, Normans - Normans and Normandy, Normans - The Normans in England, Normans - The Normans in Scotland, Normans - The Normans in Ireland, Normans - The Normans in Italy Sicily and the Mediterranean, Normans - Sources Read more here: » Normans: Encyclopedia II - Normans - Norman characteristics |
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| | | | Norman architecture: Encyclopedia II - St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - The building The Romanesque Cathedral begun in 1137 is a fine example of Norman architecture, attributed to masons from Durham Cathedral. The masonry uses red sandstone quarried near Kirkwall and yellow sandstone from the island of Eday, often in alternating courses or in a chequerboard pattern to give a polychrome effect.
As completed during the 12th century, the original Cathedral had three aisled bays to the chancel with the bay at the east end shorter, and apsed in a similar way to the original apse at Durham, a transept with single east chape ...
See also:St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall, St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - Foundation of the cathedral, St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - Martyrdom of St Magnus, St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - Earl Rögnvald founds the Cathedral, St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - The building, St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - Visiting the cathedral, St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - The Bishop's Palace, St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - The Cathedral dungeon, St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - The Earl's Palace Read more here: » St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall: Encyclopedia II - St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - The building |
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| | | | Norman architecture: Encyclopedia II - Palermo - Main monuments Palermo is among the richest cities of monuments in Italy, and perhaps in the world. It is also the main centre of Norman architecture in Europe.
Palermo - Churches.
The Cathedral of Palermo (a former mosque turned into a church from 1135)
San Giovanni degli Eremiti (1132)
Martorana (Santa Maria dell'Ammiragliato, 1143)
San Cataldo (12th century)
Santa Maria della Gangia
San Giuseppe dei Teatini
Oratori ...
See also:Palermo, Palermo - History, Palermo - Demographics, Palermo - Historical population, Palermo - Main monuments, Palermo - Churches, Palermo - Palaces and Museums, Palermo - Teatro Massimo, Palermo - Other interesting sights, Palermo - Patron Saints, Palermo - Transport Read more here: » Palermo: Encyclopedia II - Palermo - Main monuments |
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| | | | Norman architecture: Encyclopedia II - Mont Saint Michel - History Le Mont-St-Michel was used in the 6th and 7th centuries as an Armorican stronghold of Romano-British culture and power, until it was sacked by the Franks; thus ending the trans-channel culture that had stood since the departure of the Romans in 459 AD.
Before the construction of the first monastic establishment in the 8th century, the island was called Mont Tombe. According to legend, the archangel Michael appeared to St. Aubert, bishop of Avranches, in 708 and instructed him to build a church on the rocky islet. Aubert repeate ...
See also:Mont Saint Michel, Mont Saint Michel - Formation, Mont Saint Michel - Tidal island, Mont Saint Michel - History, Mont Saint Michel - Design, Mont Saint Michel - Tides, Mont Saint Michel - Administration, Mont Saint Michel - Miscellaneous Read more here: » Mont Saint Michel: Encyclopedia II - Mont Saint Michel - History |
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| | | | Norman architecture: Encyclopedia II - Palermo - Patron Saints The patron saint of Palermo is Santa Rosalia, who is still widely venerated. On the 14th of July, people in Palermo celebrate the "Festino", which is the most important religious event of the year. The Festino is a procession in the main street of Palermo to remember the miracle attributed to Santa Rosalia who, it is believed, freed the city from the Black Death in 1624. The cave where the bones of Santa Rosalia were discovered, is on Monte Pellegrino (see above): when her relics were carried around the city three times, the plague was lifted. There is a Santuario marking the spot and can be reached v ...
See also:Palermo, Palermo - History, Palermo - Demographics, Palermo - Historical population, Palermo - Main monuments, Palermo - Churches, Palermo - Palaces and Museums, Palermo - Teatro Massimo, Palermo - Other interesting sights, Palermo - Patron Saints, Palermo - Transport Read more here: » Palermo: Encyclopedia II - Palermo - Patron Saints |
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| | | | Norman architecture: Encyclopedia II - St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - Foundation of the cathedral The Orkneyinga Saga tells how bloodthirsty intrigue and saintly piety led to the Cathedral's foundation (summarised below). Other accounts tell a similar, though slightly less saintly, tale.
St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - Martyrdom of St Magnus.
Earl Magnus Erlendsson of Orkney had a reputation for piety and gentleness. On a raid led by the King of Norway on Anglesey, Wales, Magnus refused to fight and stayed on board singing psalms. King Eystein II of Norway granted him a share of the earldom of Orkney he ...
See also:St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall, St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - Foundation of the cathedral, St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - Martyrdom of St Magnus, St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - Earl Rögnvald founds the Cathedral, St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - The building, St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - Visiting the cathedral, St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - The Bishop's Palace, St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - The Cathedral dungeon, St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - The Earl's Palace Read more here: » St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall: Encyclopedia II - St Magnus Cathedral Kirkwall - Foundation of the cathedral |
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| | | | Norman architecture: Encyclopedia II - Palermo - Patron Saints The patron saint of Palermo is Santa Rosalia, who is still widely venerated. On the 14th of July, people in Palermo celebrate the "Festino", which is the most important religious event of the year. The Festino is a procession in the main street of Palermo to remember the miracle attributed to Santa Rosalia who, it is believed, freed the city from the Black Death in 1624. The cave where the bones of Santa Rosalia were discovered, is on Monte Pellegrino (see above): when her relics were carried around the city three times, the plague was lifted. There is a Santuario marking the spot and can be reached v ...
See also:Palermo, Palermo - History, Palermo - Demographics, Palermo - Historical population, Palermo - Main monuments, Palermo - Churches, Palermo - Palaces and Museums, Palermo - Theatres, Palermo - Other interesting sights, Palermo - Patron Saints, Palermo - Transport Read more here: » Palermo: Encyclopedia II - Palermo - Patron Saints |
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More material related to Norman Architecture can be found here:
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